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Elpamotide str drawn bt worlddrugtracker

Elpamotide

L-Arginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-alpha-aspartylglycyl-L-asparaginyl-L-arginyl-L-isoleucine human soluble (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor) VEGFR2-(169-177)-peptide

MF C₄₇ H₇₆ N₁₆ O₁₃

Molecular Weight, 1073.2164

L-Isoleucine, L-arginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-α-aspartylglycyl-L-asparaginyl-L-arginyl-

10: PN: WO2008099908 SEQID: 10 claimed protein
14: PN: WO2009028150 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
18: PN: JP2013176368 SEQID: 18 claimed protein
1: PN: WO2009028150 SEQID: 1 claimed protein
2: PN: WO2010027107 TABLE: 1 claimed sequence

6: PN: WO2013133405 SEQID: 6 claimed protein
8: PN: US8574586 SEQID: 8 unclaimed protein
8: PN: WO2004024766 SEQID: 8 claimed sequence
8: PN: WO2010143435 SEQID: 8 claimed protein

A neoangiogenesis antagonist potentially for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and biliary cancer.

OTS-102

CAS No.673478-49-4, UNII: S68632MB2G

Company	OncoTherapy Science Inc.
Description	Angiogenesis inhibitor that incorporates the KDR169 epitope of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (KDR/Flk-1; VEGFR-2)
Molecular Target	Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) (KDR/Flk-1)
Mechanism of Action	Angiogenesis inhibitor; Vaccine
Therapeutic Modality	Preventive vaccine: Peptide vaccine

Originator OncoTherapy Science
Class Cancer vaccines; Peptide vaccines
Mechanism of Action Cytotoxic T lymphocyte stimulants

16 Jun 2015 No recent reports on development identified – Phase-II/III for Pancreatic cancer (Combination therapy) and Phase-II for Biliary cancer in Japan (SC)
09 Jan 2015 Otsuka Pharmaceutical announces termination of its license agreement with Fuso Pharmaceutical for elpamotide in Japan
01 Feb 2013 OncoTherapy Science and Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries complete a Phase-II trial in unresectable advanced Biliary cancer and recurrent Biliary cancer (combination therapy) in Japan (UMIN000002500)

Elpamotide str drawn bt worlddrugtracker

Elpamotide , credit kegg

Elpamotide is a neoangiogenesis inhibitor in phase II clinical trials at OncoTherapy Science for the treatment of inoperable advanced or recurrent biliary cancer. Phase III clinical trials was also ongoing at the company for the treatment of pancreas cancer, but recent progress report for this indication are not available at present.

Consisting of VEGF-R2 protein, elpamotide is a neovascular inhibitor with a totally novel mechanism of action. Its antitumor effect is thought to work by inducing strong immunoreaction against new blood vessels which provide blood flow to tumors. The drug candidate only act against blood vessels involved in tumor growth and is associated with few adverse effects.

Gemcitabine is a key drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, with its limitation in clinical benefits, the development of another potent therapeutic is necessary. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 is an essential target for tumor angiogenesis, and we have conducted a phase I clinical trial using gemcitabine and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 peptide (elpamotide). Based on the promising results of this phase I trial, a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II/III clinical trial has been carried out for pancreatic cancer. The eligibility criteria included locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Patients were assigned to either the Active group (elpamotide + gemcitabine) or Placebo group (placebo + gemcitabine) in a 2:1 ratio by the dynamic allocation method. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The Harrington-Fleming test was applied to the statistical analysis in this study to evaluate the time-lagged effect of immunotherapy appropriately. A total of 153 patients (Active group, n = 100; Placebo group, n = 53) were included in the analysis. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the prolongation of overall survival (Harrington-Fleming P-value, 0.918; log-rank P-value, 0.897; hazard ratio, 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.486-1.557). Median survival time was 8.36 months (95% CI, 7.46-10.18) for the Active group and 8.54 months (95% CI, 7.33-10.84) for the Placebo group. The toxicity observed in both groups was manageable. Combination therapy of elpamotide with gemcitabine was well tolerated. Despite the lack of benefit in overall survival, subgroup analysis suggested that the patients who experienced severe injection site reaction, such as ulceration and erosion, might have better survival

The vaccine candidate was originally developed by OncoTherapy Science. In January 2010, Fuso Pharmaceutical, which was granted the exclusive rights to manufacture and commercialize elpamotide in Japan from OncoTherapy Science, sublicensed the manufacturing and commercialization rights to Otsuka Pharmaceutical. In 2015, the license agreement between Fuso Pharmaceutical and OncoTherapy Science, and the license agreement between Fuso Pharmaceutical and Otsuka Pharmaceutical terminated.

WO 2010143435

US 8574586

WO 2012044577

WO 2010027107

WO 2013133405

WO 2009028150

WO 2008099908

WO 2004024766

PATENT

WO2013133405

The injectable formulation containing peptides, because peptides are unstable to heat, it is impossible to carry out terminal sterilization by autoclaving. Therefore, in order to achieve sterilization, sterile filtration step is essential. Sterile filtration step is carried out by passing through the 0.22 .mu.m following membrane filter typically absolute bore is guaranteed. Therefore, in the stage of pre-filtration, it is necessary to prepare a peptide solution in which the peptide is completely dissolved. However, peptides, since the solubility characteristics by its amino acid sequence differs, it is necessary to select an appropriate solvent depending on the solubility characteristics of the peptide. In particular, it is difficult to completely dissolve the highly hydrophobic peptide in a polar solvent, it requires a great deal of effort on the choice of solvent. It is also possible to increase the solubility by changing the pH, or depart from the proper pH range as an injectable formulation, in many cases the peptide may become unstable.

　In recent years, not only one type of peptide, the peptide vaccine formulation containing multiple kinds of peptides as an active ingredient has been noted. Such a peptide vaccine formulation is especially considered to be advantageous for the treatment of cancer.

　The peptide vaccine formulation for the treatment of cancer, to induce a specific immune response to the cancer cells, containing the T cell epitope peptides of the tumor-specific antigen as an active ingredient (e.g., Patent Document 1). Tumor-specific antigens these T-cell epitope peptide is derived, by exhaustive expression analysis using clinical samples of cancer patients, for each type of cancer, specifically overexpressed in cancer cells, only rarely expressed in normal cells It never is one which has been identified as an antigen (e.g., Patent Document 2). However, even in tumor-specific antigens identified in this way, by a variety of having the cancer cells, in all patients and all cancer cells, not necessarily the same as being highly expressed. That is, there may be a case in which the cancer in different patients can be an antigen that is highly expressed cancer in a patient not so expressed. Further, even in the same patient, in the cellular level, cancer cells are known to be a heterogeneous population of cells (non-patent document 1), another even antigens expressed in certain cancer cells in cancer cells may be the case that do not express. Therefore, in one type of T-cell epitope peptide vaccine formulations containing only, there is a possibility that the patient can not be obtained a sufficient antitumor effect is present. Further, even in patients obtained an anti-tumor effect, the cancer cells can not kill may be present. On the other hand, if the vaccine preparation comprising a plurality of T-cell epitope peptide, it is likely that the cancer cells express any antigen. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an anti-tumor effect in a wider patient, the lower the possibility that cancer cells can not kill exists.

　The effect of the vaccine formulation containing multiple types of T-cell epitope peptide as described above, the higher the more kinds of T-cell epitope peptides formulated. However, if try to include an effective amount of a plurality of types of T cell peptide, because the peptide content of the per unit amount is increased, to completely dissolve the entire peptide becomes more difficult. Further, because it would plurality of peptides having different properties coexist, it becomes more difficult to maintain all of the peptide stability.

　For example, in European Patent Publication No. 2111867 (Patent Document 3), freeze-dried preparation of the vaccine formulation for the treatment of cancer comprising a plurality of T-cell epitope peptides have been disclosed. This freeze-dried preparation, in the preparation of peptide solution before freeze drying, each peptide depending on its solubility properties, are dissolved in a suitable solvent for each peptide. Furthermore, when mixing the peptide solution prepared in order to prevent the precipitation of the peptide, it is described that mixing the peptide solution in determined order. Thus, to select a suitable solvent for each peptide, possible to consider the order of mixing each peptide solution is laborious as the type of peptide increases.

In order to avoid difficulties in the formulation preparation, as described above, a vaccine formulation comprising one type of T-cell epitope peptides, methods for multiple types administered to the same patient is also contemplated. However, when administering plural kinds of vaccine preparation, it is necessary to vaccination of a plurality of locations of the body, burden on a patient is increased. Also peptide vaccine formulation, the DTH (Delayed Type Hypersensitivity) skin reactions are often caused called reaction after inoculation. Occurrence of skin reactions at a plurality of positions of the body, increases the discomfort of the patient. Therefore, in order to reduce the burden of patients in vaccination is preferably a vaccine formulation comprising a plurality of T-cell epitope peptide. Further, even when the plurality of kinds administering the vaccine formulation comprising a single type of epitope peptides, when manufacturing each peptide formulation is required the task of selecting an appropriate solvent for each peptide.

Patent Document 1: International Publication No. WO 2008/102557
Patent Document 2: International Publication No. 2004/031413 Patent
Patent Document 3: The European Patent Publication No. 2111867

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/US8574586

PATENT

///////////Elpamotide, A neoangiogenesis antagonist, pancreatic cancer and biliary cancer, OTS-102, OncoTherapy Science Inc, peptide

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