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Shi et al. have reported a nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura reaction which uses an N-aroylpiperidine-2,6-dione as the coupling partner for the boronic acid ( Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 6959−6963).
The method is attractive from the point of view of the stability of N-aroylpyrrolidine-2,5-diones toward storage and manipulation and the flexibility they add to the chemist’s toolbox, given their preparation from a different group of precursors to aryl halides or triflates.
Notably, the reaction uses an air-stable and inexpensive nickel catalyst, and the reactions tolerate the presence of water. While a standard reaction temperature of 150 °C is quoted, the use of temperatures as low as 80 °C also seem to be possible. Coupling efficiency is reported to be adversely affected when the aromatic rings of both of the coupling partners bear electron-donating substituents.
Ortho substituents on the aromatic rings seem to be beneficial as they facilitate decarbonylation as part of the cross-coupling. Oxidative addition into the N–C(aroyl) bond of the amide is proposed as initiating the catalytic cycle and is possible on account of a reduction in the resonance stabilization of the N-aroyl functionality versus a conventional aromatic amide.
Version of Record online: 21 APR 2016 | DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601914
Breaking and making: The first nickel-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of amides for the synthesis of biaryl compounds through N−C amide bond cleavage is reported. The reaction tolerates a wide range of sensitive and electronically diverse substituents on both coupling partners.
Examples of the palladium- and nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl fluorosulfonates with aromatic and alkyl amines are described. Aniline is coupled to a diverse series of aryl fluorosulfonates catalyzed by the combination of CpPd(cinammyl) and Xantphos, and the relative reactivity of aryl fluorosulfonates to undergo Pd-catalyzed amination was compared with other common aryl electrophiles. In addition, we report the direct amination of a phenol by in situ formation of an aryl fluorosulfonate by reaction with sulfuryl fluoride and base followed by subsequent amination to form a new C–N bond. Finally, we report examples of the nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl fluorosulfonates catalyzed by the combination of Ni(COD)2 and DPPF in the presence of MeCN. The high reactivity of the aryl fluorosulfonate electrophile with generic palladium and nickel catalyst systems, combined with its simple preparation from sulfuryl fluoride will enable commercial amination reactions of abundant phenolic raw materials.
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