What is investigational new drug (IND) Application? Neha parashar

Uncategorized Comments Off

Feb 182022

What is Investigational New Drug (IND) Application? | Regulatory Learnings | Drug Regulatory Affairs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTOtI7HfE9I

GUEST AUTHOR

Neha Parashar, PMP®

Senior Manager Regulatory CMC | Regulatory Project Management | Regulatory Strategy | Biologicals

linkedin.com/in/neha-parashar

nehaparashar.niper@gmail.com

Welcome to the PharmaCamp with Neha. With this video channel. I would like to spread knowledge about the pharmaceutical world. This is a small initiative from my side to share knowledge with the world, as I feel education is the best gift one can receive or give back to society. Are you a working professional who wants to upgrade your skills? OR a student who wants to make a career in pharmaceuticals? OR are you a person who is interested to learn about the regulatory systems? Then this YouTube channel is for you. In this video, we will about US FDA Investigational New Drug (IND) Application. In my upcoming video, I will provide the stepwise approach for these IND applications. Therefore, this video will serve as the basis for those upcoming videos to explain the concept of INDs.

Welcome to PharmaCamp https://youtu.be/Rpvbzrsuu64

What is Clinical Trial? https://youtu.be/uAUXEsAC23o

About me: I am Neha Parashar, working as a Senior Manager in a pharmaceutical company and based in Germany. I am a passionate healthcare professional, an educator, and a mentor. LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/in/neha-parashar

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CCT 245737

PRECLINICAL, Uncategorized Comments Off

May 312016

CCT 245737

CAS:1489389-18-5
M.Wt: 379.34
Formula: C16H16F3N7O

2-Pyrazinecarbonitrile, 5-[[4-[[(2R)-2-morpholinylmethyl]amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]amino]-

(R)-5-(4-(Morpholin-2-ylmethylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile

(+)-5-[[4-[[(2R)-Morpholin-2-ylmethyl]amino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino]pyrazine-2-carbonitrile

Cancer Research Technology Limited INNOVATOR

SAREUM

IND Filed, Sareum FOR CANCER

Synthesis, Exclusive by worlddrugtracker

5-[[4-[[morpholin-2-yl]methylamino]-5- (trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]amino]pyrazine-2-carbonitrile compounds (referred to herein as “TFM compounds”) which, inter alia, inhibit Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) kinase function. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit CHK1 kinase function, and in the treatment of diseases and conditions that are mediated by CHK1 , that are ameliorated by the inhibition of CHK1 kinase function, etc., including proliferative conditions such as cancer, etc., optionally in combination with another agent, for example, (a) a DNA topoisomerase I or II inhibitor; (b) a DNA damaging agent; (c) an antimetabolite or a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor; (d) a microtubule targeted agent; (e) ionising radiation; (f) an inhibitor of a mitosis regulator or a mitotic checkpoint regulator; (g) an inhibitor of a DNA damage signal transducer; or (h) an inhibitor of a DNA damage repair enzyme.

Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1)

Progression through the cell division cycle is a tightly regulated process and is monitored at several positions known as cell cycle checkpoints (see, e.g., Weinert and Hartwell,

1989; Bartek and Lukas, 2003). These checkpoints are found in all four stages of the cell cycle; G1 , S (DNA replication), G2 and M (Mitosis) and they ensure that key events which control the fidelity of DNA replication and cell division are completed correctly. Cell cycle checkpoints are activated by a number of stimuli, including DNA damage and DNA errors caused by defective replication. When this occurs, the cell cycle will arrest, allowing time for either DNA repair to occur or, if the damage is too severe, for activation of cellular processes leading to controlled cell death.

All cancers, by definition, have some form of aberrant cell division cycle. Frequently, the cancer cells possess one or more defective cell cycle checkpoints, or harbour defects in a particular DNA repair pathway. These cells are therefore often more dependent on the remaining cell cycle checkpoints and repair pathways, compared to non-cancerous cells (where all checkpoints and DNA repair pathways are intact). The response of cancer cells to DNA damage is frequently a critical determinant of whether they continue to proliferate or activate cell death processes and die. For example, tumour cells that contain a mutant form(s) of the tumour suppressor p53 are defective in the G1 DNA damage checkpoint. Thus inhibitors of the G2 or S-phase checkpoints are expected to further impair the ability of the tumour cell to repair damaged DNA. Many known cancer treatments cause DNA damage by either physically modifying the cell’s DNA or disrupting vital cellular processes that can affect the fidelity of DNA replication and cell division, such as DNA metabolism, DNA synthesis, DNA transcription and microtubule spindle formation. Such treatments include for example, radiotherapy, which causes DNA strand breaks, and a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including topoisomerase inhibitors, antimetabolites, DNA-alkylating agents, and platinum- containing cytotoxic drugs. A significant limitation to these genotoxic treatments is drug resistance. One of the most important mechanisms leading to this resistance is attributed to activation of cell cycle checkpoints, giving the tumour cell time to repair damaged DNA. By abrogating a particular cell cycle checkpoint, or inhibiting a particular form of DNA repair, it may therefore be possible to circumvent tumour cell resistance to the genotoxic agents and augment tumour cell death induced by DNA damage, thus increasing the therapeutic index of these cancer treatments.

CHK1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating cell cycle checkpoint signals that are activated in response to DNA damage and errors in DNA caused by defective replication (see, e.g., Bartek and Lukas, 2003). CHK1 transduces these signals through phosphorylation of substrates involved in a number of cellular activities including cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Two key substrates of CHK1 are the Cdc25A and Cdc25C phosphatases that dephosphorylate CDK1 leading to its activation, which is a

requirement for exit from G2 into mitosis (M phase) (see, e.g., Sanchez et al., 1997). Phosphorylation of Cdc25C and the related Cdc25A by CHK1 blocks their ability to activate CDK1 , thus preventing the cell from exiting G2 into M phase. The role of CHK1 in the DNA damage-induced G2 cell cycle checkpoint has been demonstrated in a number of studies where CHK1 function has been knocked out (see, e.g., Liu et ai, 2000; Zhao et al., 2002; Zachos et al., 2003).

The reliance of the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint upon CHK1 provides one example of a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, involving targeted inhibition of CHK1. Upon DNA damage, the p53 tumour suppressor protein is stabilised and activated to give a p53-dependent G1 arrest, leading to apoptosis or DNA repair (Balaint and Vousden, 2001). Over half of all cancers are functionally defective for p53, which can make them resistant to genotoxic cancer treatments such as ionising radiation (IR) and certain forms of chemotherapy (see, e.g., Greenblatt et al., 1994; Carson and Lois, 1995). These p53 deficient cells fail to arrest at the G1 checkpoint or undergo apoptosis or DNA repair, and consequently may be more reliant on the G2 checkpoint for viability and replication fidelity. Therefore abrogation of the G2 checkpoint through inhibition of the CHK1 kinase function may selectively sensitise p53 deficient cancer cells to genotoxic cancer therapies, and this has been demonstrated (see, e.g., Wang et al., 1996; Dixon and Norbury, 2002). In addition, CHK1 has also been shown to be involved in S phase cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair by homologous recombination. Thus, inhibition of CHK1 kinase in those cancers that are reliant on these processes after DNA damage, may provide additional therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers using CHK1 inhibitors (see, e.g., Sorensen et al., 2005). Furthermore, certain cancers may exhibit replicative stress due to high levels of endogenous DNA damage (see, e.g., Cavalier et al., 2009; Brooks et al., 2012) or through elevated replication driven by oncogenes, for example amplified or overexpressed MYC genes (see, e.g., Di Micco et al. 2006; Cole et al., 2011 ; Murga et al. 2011). Such cancers may exhibit elevated signalling through CHK1 kinase (see, e.g., Hoglund et al., 2011). Inhibition of CHK1 kinase in those cancers that are reliant on these processes, may provide additional therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers using CHK1 inhibitors (see, e.g., Cole et al., 2011 ; Davies et al., 2011 ; Ferrao et al., 2011).

Several kinase enzymes are important in the control of the cell growth and replication cycle. These enzymes may drive progression through the cell cycle, or alternatively can act as regulators at specific checkpoints that ensure the integrity of DNA replication through sensing DNA-damage and initiating repair, while halting the cell cycle. Many tumours are deficient in early phase DNA-damage checkpoints, due to mutation or deletion in the p53 pathway, and thus become dependent on the later S and G2/M checkpoints for DNA repair. This provides an opportunity to selectively target tumour cells to enhance the efficacy of ionising radiation or widely used DNA-damaging cancer chemotherapies. Inhibitors of the checkpoint kinase CHK1 are of particular interest for combination with genotoxic agents. In collaboration with Professor Michelle Garrett (University of Kent, previously at The Institute of Cancer Research) and Sareum (Cambridge) we used structure-based design to optimise the biological activities and pharmaceutical properties of hits identified through fragment-based screening against the cell cycle kinase CHK1, leading to the oral clinical candidate CCT245737. The candidate potentiates the efficacy of standard chemotherapy in models of non-small cell lung, pancreatic and colon cancer. In collaboration with colleagues at The Institute of Cancer Research (Professor Louis Chesler, Dr Simon Robinson and Professor Sue Eccles) and Newcastle University (Professor Neil Perkins), we have shown that our selective CHK1 inhibitor has efficacy as a single agent in models of tumours with high replication stress, including neuroblastoma and lymphoma.

The checkpoint kinase CHK2 has a distinct but less well characterised biological role to that of CHK1. Selective inhibitors are valuable as pharmacological tools to explore the biological consequences of CHK2 inhibition in cancer cells. In collaboration with Professor Michelle Garrett (University of Kent, previously at The Institute of Cancer Research), we have used structure-based and ligand-based approaches to discover selective inhibitors of CHK2. We showed that selective CHK2 inhibition has a very different outcome to selective CHK1 inhibition. Notably, while CHK2 inhibition did not potentiate the effect of DNA-damaging chemotherapy, it did sensitize cancer cells to the effects of PARP inhibitors that compromise DNA repair.

Synthesis

(R)-5-(4-(Morpholin-2-ylmethylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile

as a pale-yellow amorphous solid.

¹H NMR ((CD₃)₂SO, 500 MHz) δ 10.7 (br s, 1H), 9.10 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.32 (br t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (br d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 3.64–3.59 (m, 1H), 3.43 (ddd, J = 10.7, 10.7, and 3.4 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.82 (dd, J = 12.1 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.67–2.59 (m, 2H), 2.42 (dd, J = 12.1 and 10.0 Hz, 1H).

¹³C NMR ((CD₃)₂SO, 125 MHz) δ 155.7, 151.9, 151.6, 147.2, 145.9 (q, J_CF = 6.3 Hz), 136.8, 124.8 (q, J_CF= 270.9 Hz), 118.9, 117.1, 104.4 (q, J_CF = 30.0 Hz), 93.2, 73.6, 67.2, 48.9, 45.4, 44.9.

LCMS (3.5 min) t_R = 1.17 min; m/z (ESI⁺) 380 (M + H⁺).

HRMS m/z calcd for C₁₆H₁₇F₃N₇O (M + H) 380.1441, found 380.1438.

PATENT

WO 2013171470

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013171470A1?cl=enSynthesis 1 D

5-[[4-[[(2R)-Morpholin-2-yl]methylamino]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]amino]py

carbonitrile (Compound 1)

A solution of (S)-tert-butyl 2-((2-(5-cyanopyrazin-2-ylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4- ylamino)methyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate (1.09 g, 2.273 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL) was added dropwise over 10 minutes to a solution of trifluoroacetic acid (52.7 mL, 709 mmol) and tnisopropylsilane (2.61 mL, 12.73 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (227 mL) at room temperature. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The concentrate was resuspended in dichloromethane (200 mL) and

concentrated in vacuo, then resuspended in toluene (100 mL) and concentrated.

The above procedure was performed in triplicate (starting each time with 1.09 g (S)-tert- butyl 2-((2-(5-cyanopyrazin-2-ylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4- ylamino)methyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate) and the three portions of crude product so generated were combined for purification by ion exchange chromatography on 2 x 20 g Biotage NH2 Isolute columns, eluting with methanol. The eluant was concentrated and 10% methanol in diethyl ether (25 mL) was added. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with diethyl ether (30 mL), and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a light straw coloured powder (2.30 g, 89%). H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 2.62 (1 H, J = 12, 10 Hz), 2.78-2.84 (2H, m), 2.95 (1 H, dd, J = 12, 2 Hz), 3.27-3.38 (2H, m), 3.63 (1 H, ddd, J = 14, 9.5, 3 Hz), 3.73-3.78 (1 H, m), 3.91 (1 H, ddd, J = 11 , 4, 2 Hz), 7.26 (1 H, s), 8.18 (1 H, s), 8.63 (1 H, s), 9.01 (1 H, s).

LC-MS (Agilent 4 min) R_t 1.22 min; m/z (ESI) 380 [M+H⁺]. Optical rotation [a]_D ²⁴ = +7.0 (c 1.0, DMF).

Synthesis 2B

(R)-tert- Butyl 2-((2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)methyl)morpholine-

To a solution of 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-amine (1 g, 5.09 mmol) in

dimethylformamide (32.6 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% by wt in oil; 0.407 g, 10.18 mmol) portionwise at room temperature followed by stirring for 10 minutes at 80°C. (S)- tert-Butyl 2-(tosyloxymethyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate (2.268 g, 6.1 1 mmol) was then added portionwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80°C for 2.5 hours. After cooling, the mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium

hydrogencarbonate solution (30 mL), water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was further extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 70 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and dried thoroughly in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on a 90 g Thomson SingleStep column, eluting with an isocratic mix of 2.5% diethyl ether / 2.5% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, to give the title compound as a clear gum that later crystallised to give a white powder (1.47 g, 73%). H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 1.48 (9H, s), 2.71-2.83 (1 H, m), 2.92-3.05 (1 H, m), 3.18- 3.23 (1 H, m), 3.33-3.37 (1 H, m), 3.56-3.61 (1 H, m), 3.66-3.71 (1 H, m), 3.80-4.07 (3H, m), 5.32 (1 H, broad s), 6.61 (1 H, s), 8.24 (1 H, s). LC-MS (Agilent 4 min) R_t 3.04 min; m/z (ESI) 396 [MH⁺]. Svnthesis 2C

(R)-tert-Butyl 2-((2-(5-cyanopyrazin-2-ylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-

(R)-tert-Butyl 2-((2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-ylamino)methyl)morpholine-4- carboxylate (1.44 g, 3.64 mmol), 2-amino-5-cyanopyrazine (0.612 g, 5.09 mmol, 1.4 eq.), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.267 g, 0.291 mmol, 0.08 eq.), rac-2,2′- bis(diphenylphosphino)-1 ,1 ‘-binaphthyl (0.362 g, 0.582 mmol, 0.16 eq.) and caesium carbonate (2.37 g, 7.28 mmol) were suspended in anhydrous dioxane (33 ml_) under argon. Argon was bubbled through the mixture for 30 minutes, after which the mixture was heated to 100°C for 22 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with dichloromethane, then absorbed on to silica gel. The pre-absorbed silica gel was added to a 100 g KP-Sil SNAP column which was eluted with 20-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to give the partially purified product as an orange gum. The crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane and purified by column chromatography on a 90 g SingleStep Thomson column, eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, to give the title compound (1.19 g, 68%). H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI₃) δ 1.50 (9H, s), 2.71-2.88 (1 H, m), 2.93-3.08 (1 H, m), 3.27- 3.32 (1 H, m), 3.40-3.44 (1 H, m), 3.55-3.64 (1 H, m), 3.71-3.77 (1 H, m), 3.82-4.11 (3H, m), 5.33 (1 H, broad s), 7.19 (1 H, s), 8.23 (1 H, s), 8.58 (1 H, s), 8.84 (1 H, s). LC-MS (Agilent 4 min) R_t 2.93 min;m/z (ESI) 480 [MH⁺].

Paper

Multiparameter optimization of a series of 5-((4-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitriles resulted in the identification of a potent and selective oral CHK1 preclinical development candidate with in vivo efficacy as a potentiator of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging chemotherapy and as a single agent. Cellular mechanism of action assays were used to give an integrated assessment of compound selectivity during optimization resulting in a highly CHK1 selective adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitor. A single substituent vector directed away from the CHK1 kinase active site was unexpectedly found to drive the selective cellular efficacy of the compounds. Both CHK1 potency and off-target human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channel inhibition were dependent on lipophilicity and basicity in this series. Optimization of CHK1 cellular potency and in vivo pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) properties gave a compound with low predicted doses and exposures in humans which mitigated the residual weak in vitro hERG inhibition.

Multiparameter Lead Optimization to Give an Oral Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibitor Clinical Candidate: (R)-5-((4-((Morpholin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile (CCT245737)

James D. Osborne†, ET AL

^†Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit and ^‡Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K.

^§ Sareum Ltd., Cambridge CB22 3FX, U.K.

J. Med. Chem., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01938

Publication Date (Web): May 11, 2016

*Phone: +44 2087224000. Fax: +44 2087224126. E-mail: ian.collins@icr.ac.uk.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01938

///////////CCT 245737, IND, PRECLINICAL, Cancer Research Technology Limited, SAREUM

N#CC(C=N1)=NC=C1NC2=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C(NC[C@@H]3OCCNC3)=C2

Supporting Info SEE NMR OF COMPD 4

SETIPIPRANT

Uncategorized Comments Off

May 272016

Setipiprant, KYTH-105

CAS 866460-33-5

2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl)acetic acid

2-[8-fluoro-2-(naphthalene-1-carbonyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl]acetic acid

5H-Pyrido(4,3-b)indole-5-acetic acid, 8-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-(1-naphthalenylcarbonyl)-

MF C24H19FN2O3

MW 402.4176632

IND FILED BY ALLERGAN FOR Alopecia

ACT-129968, a CRTH2 receptor antagonist, had been in phase II clinical trials at Actelion

Setipiprant; UNII-BHF20LA2GM; ACT-129968; 866460-33-5;

Setipiprant is a prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) antagonist. Essentially, it inhibits PGD2 receptor activity

KYTH-105 had previously been studied as a potential allergic inflammation treatment and had undergone eight clinical trials, resulting in a safety database of more than 1,000 patients. Treatment in all studies was well tolerated across all treatment groups.

Intellectual Property
KYTHERA acquired exclusive worldwide rights to KYTH-105, as well as certain patent rights covering the use of PGD2 receptor antagonists for the treatment of hair loss (often presenting as male pattern baldness, or androgenic alopecia).

Next Steps
KYTHERA plans to file an Investigational New Drug (IND) application and initiate a proof-of-concept study to establish the efficacy of KYTH-105 in male subjects with androgenic alopecia (AGA).

In 2015, Allergan acquired Kythera.

2-(2-(1-Naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic Acid

mp 224.0 °C.

LC(1)/ESI-MS t_R = 0.83 min; m/z [M + H⁺] = 403.09.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆), 65:35 mixture of two rotamers, δ: 8.02 (m, 2 H), 7.76 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 0.65 H), 7.72 (m, 0.35 H), 7.49–7.64 (m, 3.35 H), 7.35–7.49 (m, 2.35 H), 6.98 (ddd, J_H–F = 9.3 Hz, J₁ = 9.3 Hz, J₂ = 2.4 Hz, 0.65 H), 6.88 (m, 0.65 H), 4.85–5.14 (m, 3.3 H), 4.42 (m, 0.35 H), 4.32 (m, 0.7 H), 4.06 (m, 0.35 H), 3.50 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1.3 H), 2.95 (m, 0.70 H), 2.68 (m, 0.65 H), 2.58 (m, 0.65 H).

¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 170.7, 169.2, 157.7 (d, J_C–F = 232 Hz), 157.4 (d, J_C–F = 233 Hz), 137.1, 136.2, 135.1, 134.9, 134.0, 133.8, 133.5, 129.6, 129.5, 129.4, 129.3, 128.9, 128.8, 127.5, 127.4, 127.0, 126.9, 126.0, 125.9, 125.7 (d, J_C–F = 10 Hz), 125.2, 125.1, 125.0, 124.1, 123.9, 110.9 (d, J_C–F = 10 Hz), 110.8 (m), 109.3 (d, J_C–F = 26 Hz), 109.1 (d, J_C–F = 26 Hz), 106.7 (m), 103.3 (d, J_C–F = 23 Hz), 103.0 (d, J_C–F = 23 Hz), 44.73, 44.70, 44.5, 44.4, 39.5, 39.3, 23.1, 22.3.

HRMS (ESI): m/zcalcd for C₂₄H₂₀N₂O₃F [M + H⁺] 403.1458, found 403.1458.

SYNTHERSIS

Setipiprant (INN) (developmental code names ACT-129,968, KYTH-105) is a drug originally developed by Actelion which acts as a selective, orally available antagonist of the prostaglandin D₂ receptor 2 (DP₂).^[1] It was initially researched as a treatment for allergies and inflammatory disorders, particularly asthma, but despite being well tolerated in clinical trials and showing reasonable efficacy against allergen-induced airway responses in asthmatic patients,^[2]^[3] it failed to show sufficient advantages over existing drugs and was discontinued from further development in this application.^[4]

However, following the discovery in 2012 that the prostaglandin D₂ receptor (DP/PGD₂) is expressed at high levels in the scalp of men affected by male pattern baldness,^[5] the rights to setipiprant were acquired by Kythera with a view to potentially developing this drug as a novel treatment for baldness, with a previously unexploited mechanism of action.^[6] While it is too early to tell whether setipiprant will be an effective treatment for this condition, the favorable pharmacokinetics and relative lack of side effects seen in earlier clinical trials mean that fresh clinical trials for this new application can be conducted fairly quickly.^[7]

Prostaglandin D2 is a known agonist of the thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor, the PGD2 (DP) receptor and the recently identified G-protein-coupled “chemoattractant receptor- homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells” (CRTH2).

The response to allergen exposure in a previously sensitized host results in a cascade effect involving numerous cell types and release of a number of cytokines, chemokines, and multiple mediators. Among these critical initiators are the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-5, which play critical roles in Th2 cell differentiation, immunoglobulin (Ig)E synthesis, mast cell growth and differentiation, upregulation of CD23 expression, and the differentiation, recruitment, and activation of eosinophils. The stimulated release of the array of mediators, causes end-organ damage, including constriction and hyperresponsi- veness, vascular permeability, edema, mucous secretion, and further inflammation.

Because of the number of responses targeted, corticosteroids have proven to be the most effective therapy. Rather than antagonizing these specific responses in a directed way, another approach is to alter the immune response, that is, to change the nature of the immunological response to allergen. CRTH2 is preferentially expressed on Th2 cells and is a chemoattractant receptor for PGD2 that mediates PGD2-dependent migration of blood Th2 cells. Chemoattractants are responsible for the recruitment of both Th2 cells and other effector cells of allergic inflammation, which can provide the conceptual basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies in allergic conditions.

So far, few compounds having CRTH2 antagonistic activity have been reported in the patent literature. Bayer AG claims the use of Ramatroban ((3R)-3-(4-fluorobenzene- sulfonamido)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole-9-propionic acid) for the prophylaxis and treatment of allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis or allergic conjuvatitis

(GB 2388540). Further, (2-tert.-butoxycarbonyl-l, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5- yl)-acetic acid and (2-ethoxycarbonyl-l, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-pyrido[4,3-b]indol~5-yl)-acetic acid are disclosed by Kyle F. et al in two patent applications (US 5817756 and WO 9507294, respectively).

Furthermore, oral bioavailability of the Ramatroban and its ability to inhibit prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophil migration in vitro has been reported (Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 305(1), p.347-352 (2003)).

Description of the invention:

It has now been found that compounds of the general Formulae (I) and (II) of the present invention are CRTH2 receptor antagonists. These compounds are useful for the treatment of both chronic and acute allergic/immune disorders such as allergic asthma, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic nephritis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, food allergy, systemic mast cell disorders, anaphylactic shock, urticaria, eczema, itching, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cerebrovascular disorders, pleuritis, ulcerative colitis, eosinophil-related diseases, such as Churg-Strauss syndrome and sinusitis, basophil- related diseases, such as basophilic leukemia and basophilic leukocytosis.

The compounds of general Formulae (I) and (II), especially those mentioned as being preferred, display high selectivity towards the CRTH2 receptor. No antagonistic effects (IC₅₀ >10 μM) are observed on e.g. prostaglandin D2 receptor DPI; PGI2 receptor (IP), PGE2 receptors (EPl, EP2, EP3, EP4), PGF2 receptor (FP), thromboxane receptor A2 (TxA2), leukotriene receptors (CysLTl, CysLT2, LTB4), complement receptor (C5a), angiotensin receptors (ATI, AT2) or serotonin receptor 5HT2c.

The solubility of compounds of general Formulae (I) and (II) in buffer at pH 7 is generally >800 μg/ml.

In vitro assays with rat and dog liver microsomes, or with rat and human hepatocytes revealed high metabolic stability for compounds of general Foπnulae (I) and (II), especially for those compounds mentioned as being preferred.

The compounds of general Formulae (I) and (II), especially those mentioned as being preferred, do not interfere with cytochrome P-450 enzymes, e.g. they are neither degraded by, nor do they inhibit such enzymes.

Excellent pharmacokinetic profiles have been observed for compounds of general Formulae (I) and (II), especially for those compounds mentioned as being preferred, after oral administration (10 mg/kg) to rats and dogs (bioavailability 20-80%, T_max 30 min, C_max 2000- 6000 ng/ml, low clearance, T_{] 2}4-8 h). The compounds of general Formulae (I) and (II), especially those mentioned as being preferred, are efficacious in vitro, inhibiting PGD2-induced migration of eosinophils or other CRTH2 expressing cells in a cell migration assay. A number of techniques have been developed to assay such chemotactic migration (see, e.g., Leonard et al., 1995, “Measurement of α- and β-Chemokines”, in Current Protocols in Immunology, 6.12.1- 6.12.28, Ed. Coligan et al, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1995). The compounds of the present invention are tested using a protocol according to H. Sugimoto et al. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003, 305(1), 347-52), or as described hereinafter: Purified eosinophils are labeled with a fluorescent dye, i.e. Calcein-AM and loaded in BD Falcon FluoroBlock upper inserts. Test compounds are diluted and incubated with eosinophils in the BD Falcon

FluoroBlock upper inserts for 30 min at 37 °C in a humidified CO₂ incubator. A constant amount of PGD2 is added to BD Falcon FluoroBlock lower chamber, at a concentration known to have a chemotactic effect on CRTH2 cells. As a control, at least one aliquot in the upper well does not contain test compound. The inserts are combined with the chambers and are incubated for 30 min at 37 °C in a humidified CO₂ incubator. After an incubation period, the number of migrating cells on the lower chamber is counted using a fluorescent reader, i.e. an Applied Biosystems Cyto Fluor 4000 plate reader. The contribution of a test compound to the chemotactic activity of PGD2 is measured by comparing the chemotactic activity of the aliquots containing only dilution buffer with the activity of aliquots containing a test compound. If addition of the test compound to the solution results in a decrease in the number of cells detected in the lower chamber relative to the number of cells detected using a solution containing only PGD2, then there is identified an antagonist of PGD2 induction of chemotactic activity of eosinophils.

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2013), 56(12), 4899-4911

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm400122f

Identification of 2-(2-(1-Naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic Acid (Setipiprant/ACT-129968), a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Chemoattractant Receptor-Homologous Molecule Expressed on Th2 Cells (CRTH2) Antagonist

Heinz Fretz*, Anja Valdenaire, Julien Pothier, Kurt Hilpert, Carmela Gnerre, Oliver Peter, Xavier Leroy, and Markus A. Riederer

Drug Discovery Unit, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland

J. Med. Chem., 2013, 56 (12), pp 4899–4911

DOI: 10.1021/jm400122f

Herein we describe the discovery of the novel CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid 28 (setipiprant/ACT-129968), a clinical development candidate for the treatment of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. A lead optimization program was started based on the discovery of the recently disclosed CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid 5. An already favorable and druglike profile could be assessed for lead compound 5. Therefore, the lead optimization program mainly focused on the improvement in potency and oral bioavailability. Data of newly synthesized analogs were collected from in vitro pharmacological, physicochemical, in vitro ADME, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in the rat and the dog. The data were then analyzed using a traffic light selection tool as a visualization device in order to evaluate and prioritize candidates displaying a balanced overall profile. This data-driven process and the excellent results of the PK study in the rat (F = 44%) and the dog (F = 55%) facilitated the identification of 28 as a potent (IC₅₀ = 6 nM), selective, and orally available CRTh2 antagonist.

PAtent

WO 2005095397

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2005095397A1?cl=en

Formula 6.

Scheme 1

Step a)

Step b)

Scheme 2

Formula (I).

References

Fretz H, Valdenaire A, Pothier J, Hilpert K, Gnerre C, Peter O, Leroy X, Riederer MA. Identification of 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid (setipiprant/ACT-129968), a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist. J Med Chem. 2013 Jun 27;56(12):4899-911. doi: 10.1021/jm400122f PMID 23721423
Sidharta PN, Diamant Z, Dingemanse J. Single- and multiple-dose tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the CRTH2 antagonist setipiprant in healthy male subjects. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Dec;28(6):690-9. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12079 PMID 24734908
Diamant Z, Sidharta PN, Singh D, O’Connor BJ, Zuiker R, Leaker BR, Silkey M, Dingemanse J. Setipiprant, a selective CRTH2 antagonist, reduces allergen-induced airway responses in allergic asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014 Aug;44(8):1044-52. doi: 10.1111/cea.12357 PMID 24964348
Norman P. Update on the status of DP2 receptor antagonists; from proof of concept through clinical failures to promising new drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014 Jan;23(1):55-66. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2013.839658 PMID 24073896
Garza LA, et al. Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. Science Translational Medicine, 21 March 2012; 4(126):126ra34. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003122
George Cotsarelis, Garret Fitzgerald, Luis Garza. Compositions and methods for regulating hair growth. US Patent application 2015/0072963
Pipeline KYTH-105 (setipiprant)
http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AMDA-MFNLA/4023632629x0x817836/4E5AC47A-B9EE-4296-9D97-631C0F6B7C97/KYTH-105_setipiprant_.pdf

Patent ID	Date	Patent Title
US2015072963	2015-03-12	COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR REGULATING HAIR GROWTH
US2014328861	2014-11-06	Combination of CRTH2 Antagonist and a Proton Pump Inhibitor for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
US2010234396	2010-09-16	Tetrhydropyridoindole Derivatives
US7714132	2010-05-11	Tetrahydropyridoindole derivatives

S etipiprant
Systematic (IUPAC) name

2-[8-fluoro-2-(naphthalene-1-carbonyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl]acetic acid
Clinical data
Administration	Oral
Identifiers
CASRN	866460-33-5
ATC code	none
PubChem	CID 49843471
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₄H₁₉FN₂O₃
Molar mass	402.417 g/mol

///////Setipiprant, KYTH-105, 866460-33-5, ALLERGAN, Alopecia, KYTHERA

c15ccccc5cccc1C(=O)N(CC3)Cc2c3n(CC(O)=O)c(cc4)c2cc4F

Curis and Aurigene’s CA 4948, AU 4948

Uncategorized Comments Off

Apr 082016

Example 13 WO2015104688

6-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxamide

Molecular Formula:	C₂₂H₂₀N₆O₂S
Molecular Weight:	432.4982 g/mol

1428335-77-6

[2,3′-Bipyridine]-6-carboxamide, 6′-amino-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-6-benzothiazolyl]-

PROBABLE STRUCTURE

Example 1 ……..6′-amino-N-(2-morpholinooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-6-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6-carboxamideWO2015104688

Compound-6: 6′-amino-N-(5-(cyclopropyIamino)-2-morpholinobenzo [d]oxazoI-6-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6-carboxamide.WO2013042137

PROBABLE CA 4948, AU 4948,AU-4948, CA-4948

STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS COMING……..

Company	Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd.
Description	Oral IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor
Molecular Target	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4)
Mechanism of Action
Therapeutic Modality	Small molecule

Latest Stage of Development	Preclinical
Standard Indication	B cell lymphoma
Indication Details	Treat diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
Regulatory Designation
Partner	Curis Inc.

Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase-4 (IRAK-4) is a serine/threonine protein kinase belonging to tyrosine like kinase (TLK) family. IRAK-4 is one of the important signalling components downstream of IL-1/Toll family of receptors (IL-1R, IL-18R, IL-33R, Toll-like receptors). Recent studies have reported occurrence of oncogenic mutations in MYD88 in 30% of ABC diffuse large B cell lymphomas (ABC DLBCL) and 90% of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM). Most of ABC DLBCLs have a single amino acid substitution of proline for the leucine at position 265 (L265P) in the TIR domain of MYD88 protein resulting in constitutive activation of IRAK-4. Thus, IRAK4 is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas with activating MYD88 L265P mutation. We have designed, synthesized and tested small molecule IRAK-4 inhibitors based on hits originating from Aurigene’ s compound library. These novel compounds were profiled for IRAK4 kinase inhibition, anti-proliferative activity, kinase selectivity, and drug-like properties. Furthermore, selected compounds were tested in a proliferation assay and pIRAK1 mechanistic assay using ABC-DLBCL cell lines with activating MYD88 L265P mutation, OCI-lLy10 and OCI-lLy3. We have identified a series of novel bicyclic heterocycles as potent inhibitors of IRAK-4. Aurigene Lead compound exhibited potent inhibitory activity for IRAK-4 with an IC₅₀ of 3nM in biochemical assay. Aurigene Lead compound inhibited pIRAK1 levels, and proliferation of OCI-Ly3 and OCI-Ly10 cells with an IC₅₀1of 132nM and 52nM respectively. To the best of our knowledge, Aurigene Lead compound represents the most potent IRAK4 inhibitor reported for target modulation and anti-proliferative activity in DLBCL cell lines with activating MYD88 L265P mutation. Aurigene Lead compound has good oral pharmacokinetic profile in mice and has demonstrated excellent pharmacodynamic effect in an in vivo LPS induced TNF-α model with an ED₅₀ of 3.8 mg/Kg in mice. Preliminary in vitro tox studies indicated clean safety profile. Demonstration of efficacy in OCI-lLy10 mouse tumor model is ongoing. In summary, a series of potent IRAK-4 inhibitors belonging to 3 different chemical series have been discovered and are being evaluated for treatment of B-cell lymphomas.

Curis with the option to exclusively license Aurigene’s orally-available small molecule inhibitor of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) in the precision oncology field. Curis expects to exercise its option to obtain exclusive licenses to both programs and file IND applications for a development candidate from each in 2015.

Recent studies have also shown that alterations of the MYD88 gene lead to dysregulation of its downstream target IRAK4 in a number of hematologic malignancies, including Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia and a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, making IRAK4 an attractive target for the treatment of these cancers.

Jan 21, 2015

Curis and Aurigene Announce Collaboration, License and Option Agreement to Discover, Develop and Commercialize Small Molecule Antagonists for Immuno-Oncology and Precision Oncology Targets

— Agreement Provides Curis with Option to Exclusively License Aurigene’s Antagonists for Immuno-Oncology, Including an Antagonist of PD-L1 and Selected Precision Oncology Targets, Including an IRAK4 Kinase Inhibitor —

— Investigational New Drug (IND) Application Filings for Both Initial Collaboration Programs Expected this Year —

— Curis to issue 17.1M shares of its Common Stock as Up-front Consideration —

— Management to Host Conference Call Today at 8:00 a.m. EST —

LEXINGTON, Mass. and BANGALORE, India, Jan. 21, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Curis, Inc. (Nasdaq:CRIS), a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative drug candidates for the treatment of human cancers, and Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, a specialized, discovery stage biotechnology company developing novel therapies to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, today announced that they have entered into an exclusive collaboration agreement focused on immuno-oncology and selected precision oncology targets. The collaboration provides for inclusion of multiple programs, with Curis having the option to exclusively license compounds once a development candidate is nominated within each respective program. The partnership draws from each company’s respective areas of expertise, with Aurigene having the responsibility for conducting all discovery and preclinical activities, including IND-enabling studies and providing Phase 1 clinical trial supply, and Curis having responsibility for all clinical development, regulatory and commercialization efforts worldwide, excluding India and Russia, for each program for which it exercises an option to obtain a license.

The first two programs under the collaboration are an orally-available small molecule antagonist of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immuno-oncology field and an orally-available small molecule inhibitor of Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) in the precision oncology field. Curis expects to exercise its option to obtain exclusive licenses to both programs and file IND applications for a development candidate from each in 2015.

“We are thrilled to partner with Aurigene in seeking to discover, develop and commercialize small molecule drug candidates generated from Aurigene’s novel technology and we believe that this collaboration represents a true transformation for Curis that positions the company for continued growth in the development and eventual commercialization of cancer drugs,” said Ali Fattaey, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Curis. “The multi-year nature of our collaboration means that the parties have the potential to generate a steady pipeline of novel drug candidates in the coming years. Addressing immune checkpoint pathways is now a well validated strategy to treat human cancers and the ability to target PD-1/PD-L1 and other immune checkpoints with orally available small molecule drugs has the potential to be a distinct and major advancement for patients. Recent studies have also shown that alterations of the MYD88 gene lead to dysregulation of its downstream target IRAK4 in a number of hematologic malignancies, including Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia and a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, making IRAK4 an attractive target for the treatment of these cancers. We look forward to advancing these programs into clinical development later this year.”

Dr. Fattaey continued, “Aurigene has a long and well-established track record of generating targeted small molecule drug candidates with bio-pharmaceutical collaborators and we have significantly expanded our drug development capabilities as we advance our proprietary drug candidates in currently ongoing clinical studies. We believe that we are well-positioned to advance compounds from this collaboration into clinical development.”

CSN Murthy, Chief Executive Officer of Aurigene, said, “We are excited to enter into this exclusive collaboration with Curis under which we intend to discover and develop a number of drug candidates from our chemistry innovations in the most exciting fields of cancer therapy. This unique collaboration is an opportunity for Aurigene to participate in advancing our discoveries into clinical development and beyond, and mutually align interests as provided for in our agreement. Our scientists at Aurigene have established a novel strategy to address immune checkpoint targets using small molecule chemical approaches, and have discovered a number of candidates that modulate these checkpoint pathways, including PD-1/PD-L1. We have established a large panel of preclinical tumor models in immunocompetent mice and can show significant in vivo anti-tumor activity using our small molecule PD-L1 antagonists. We are also in the late stages of selecting a candidate that is a potent and selective inhibitor of the IRAK4 kinase, demonstrating excellent in vivo activity in preclinical tumor models.”

In connection with the transaction, Curis has issued to Aurigene approximately 17.1 million shares of its common stock, or 19.9% of its outstanding common stock immediately prior to the transaction, in partial consideration for the rights granted to Curis under the collaboration agreement. The shares issued to Aurigene are subject to a lock-up agreement until January 18, 2017, with a portion of the shares being released from the lock-up in four equal bi-annual installments between now and that date.

The agreement provides that the parties will collaborate exclusively in immuno-oncology for an initial period of approximately two years, with the option for Curis to extend the broad immuno-oncology exclusivity.

In addition Curis has agreed to make payments to Aurigene as follows:

for the first two programs: up to $52.5 million per program, including $42.5 million per program for approval and commercial milestones, plus specified approval milestone payments for additional indications, if any;
for the third and fourth programs: up to $50 million per program, including $42.5 million per program for approval and commercial milestones, plus specified approval milestone payments for additional indications, if any; and
for any program thereafter: up to $140.5 million per program, including $87.5 million per program in approval and commercial milestones, plus specified approval milestone payments for additional indications, if any.

Curis has agreed to pay Aurigene royalties on any net sales ranging from high single digits to 10% in territories where it successfully commercializes products and will also share in amounts that it receives from sublicensees depending upon the stage of development of the respective molecule.

About IRAK4:

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, or IRAK4 is a signaling kinase that becomes inappropriately activated in certain cancers including activated B cell-diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), an aggressive form of lymphoma with poor prognosis. There appears to be a mechanistic link with IRAK4 in ABC-DLBCL where these tumors from approximately 35% of patients harbor oncogenic mutations in the MYD88 gene, which encodes an adaptor protein that interacts directly with IRAK4. MYD88 mutations appear to constitutively activate the IRAK4 kinase complex, driving pro-survival pathways in ABC-DLBCL disease. Oncogenic MYD88 mutations have also been identified in other cancers, including in over 90% of patients with Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia as well as in a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

About Curis, Inc.

Curis is a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of novel drug candidates for the treatment of human cancers. Curis’ pipeline of drug candidates includes CUDC-907, a dual HDAC and PI3K inhibitor, CUDC-427, a small molecule antagonist of IAP proteins, and Debio 0932, an oral HSP90 inhibitor. Curis is also engaged in a collaboration with Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, under which Genentech and Roche are developing and commercializing Erivedge®, the first and only FDA-approved medicine for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. For more information, visit Curis’ website at www.curis.com.

About Aurigene

Aurigene is a specialized, discovery stage biotechnology company, developing novel and best-in-class therapies to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. Aurigene’s Programmed Death pathway program is the first of several immune checkpoint programs that are at different stages of discovery and preclinical development. Aurigene has partnered with several large- and mid-pharma companies in the United States and Europe and has delivered multiple clinical compounds through these partnerships. With over 500 scientists, Aurigene has collaborated with 6 of the top 10 pharma companies. Aurigene is an independent, wholly owned subsidiary of Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (NYSE:RDY). For more information, please visit Aurigene’s website at http://aurigene.com/.

Small Molecule IRAK4 Kinase Inhibitor)

Innate immune responses mediated through Toll-like receptors or certain interleukin receptors are important mediators of the body’s initial defense against foreign antigens, while their dysregulation is associated with certain inflammatory conditions. Toll-like receptor and interleukin receptor signaling through the adaptor protein MYD88, results in the assembly and activation of IRAK4, initiating a signaling cascade that induces cytokine and survival factor expression mediated by the transcription factor NFκB. More recently, components of this pathway are recognized to be genetically altered and have important roles in specific human cancers. Toll-like receptor and interleukin receptor signaling through the adaptor protein MYD88, results in the assembly and activation of IRAK4, initiating a signaling cascade that induces cytokine and survival factor expression mediated by the transcription factor NFκB. MYD88 gene mutations are shown to occur in approximately 30% of Activated B-Cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)^1,2 and in over 90% of the B-cell malignancy Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia.³ Due to IRAK4’s central role in these signaling pathways, it is considered an attractive target for generation of therapeutics to treat these B-cell malignancies as well as certain inflammatory diseases.

As part of the collaboration with Aurigene, in October 2015 we exercised our option to exclusively license a program of orally-available, small molecule inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase, including the development candidate, CA-4948. Curis expects to file an IND and initiate clinical testing of CA-4948 in patients with advanced hematologic cancers during the second half of 2016.

¹Nature. 2011; 470(7332):115–119²Immunology and Cell Biology. 2011; 89(6):659–660³N Engl J Med. 30, 2012; 367(9):826–833

CLIP

In November 2015, preclinical data were presented at the 2015 AACR-NCI-EORTC Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics Conference in Boston, MA

Aurigene Collaboration (IRAK4 Inhibitor):

In October 2015, Curis exercised its option to exclusively license a program of orally available small molecule inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase, a serine/threonine kinase involved in innate immune responses as well as in certain hematologic cancers. The Company has since designated the development candidate as CA-4948 and expects to file an IND application for this molecule during 2016.

In November 2015, Curis’ collaborator Aurigene presented preclinical data from the IRAK4 program at the 2015 AACR-NCI-EORTC Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics Conference in Boston, MA. This presentation included data from chemically distinct series of small molecule compounds with potent IRAK4 inhibitory activity in biochemical assays as well as in in vivo preclinical models, including MYD88 mutant DLBCL xenograft tumor models as well as a model of inflammatory disease.

CLIP

In April 2014, preclinical data presented at the CHI’s Ninth Drug Discovery Chemistry Conference in San Diego, CA, showed the compounds in vivo to have activity down to 10 mg/kg .

CLIP

10:50 Novel IRAK4 Inhibitors for Oncology and Inflammation

Susanta Samajdar, Ph.D., Research Director, Medicinal Chemistry, Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited

This presentation will discuss the discovery and optimization of hit series, some preliminary in vivo data, combination therapy strategy, present focus and further advancements.

CLIP

April 24-25 2014
Drug Discovery Chemistry – CHI’s Ninth Annual Conference: Fifth Annual Kinase inhibitor Chemistry, San Diego, CA, USA

Novel IRAK4 inhibitors

Susanta Samajdar from Aurigene Discovery Technologies presented the discovery of new IRAK4 (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4) inhibitors. Research began with a HTS campaign using two types of libraries: rationally designed novel scaffolds by hopping and morphing of known IRAK4 inhibitors and novel scaffolds identified by virtual screening of drug-like commercial library. A benzoxazol series was identified and crystallography was used to help their design. Lead optimization culminated in the identification of very potent compounds (AU-2807 and AU-2202) in cell assay (inflammation pathway and oncology pathway, respectively). The compounds were also active against Flt3 and KDR. Some PD in vivo data using LPS and TNFalpha release were presented in which the compound showed activity down to 10 mg/kg: no other in vivo model data were disclosed, but it was mentioned that studies in the CIA (collagen induced arthritis) model was ongoing. Dr Samajdar answered to three questions, one related to IRAK1 selectivity (the answer was that the compound is fully selective against IRAK1 and IRAK2). It was also mentioned that the compounds have a PBB higher than 98%. And the last question was related to the synergetic effect with BTK inhibitor in activated B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and this effect was observed with these compounds.

Susanta Samajdar

Research Director at Aurigene Discovery Technologies

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013042137A1?cl=en

Compound-6: Synthesis of 6′-amino-N-(5-(cyclopropyIamino)-2-morpholinobenzo [d]oxazoI-6-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6-carboxamide.

Step_l^N-cyclopropyl-2-morpholino-6-nitrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-amine.

N-cyclopropyl-2-moφholino-6-nitrobenzo[d]oxazol-5-amine(0.7g,70%) was prepared from 5-fluoro-2-mo holino-6-nitrobenzo[d]oxazole(lg,Intermediate-2) by treating with cyciopropanamine in sealed tube at 100^°C for 8-14h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was completed, it was extracted with water (15ml) and dichioromethane (2x 15ml). The organic layer was collected, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to get the crude. MS (ES) m/e 305(M+1, 50%).

Steg2:6-bromo-N-(5-(cyclopropylamino)-2-morpholinobenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)

picolinamide.

Step Π and ii):The process of these steps are adopted from step 2 and step 3 of compound- 1.

Step3:6′-amino-N-(5-(cvclopropvlamino)-2-morpholinobenzord]oxazol-6-yl)-r2,3′- bipyridine]-6-carboxamide.

(i) N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin

Na₂C0₃, Pd(dppf)Cl₂, ACN, H₂0, 80-100°C, 8-14h; TFA, 60-70°C, 8-14h.

6′-amino-N-(5-(cyclopropylamino)-2-mo holinobenzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6- carboxamide (0.03g,61%) was prepared from 6-bromo-N-(5-(cyclopropyIamino)-2- moφholinobenzo[d]o azoI-6-yl)picolinamide(0.07g, step-3) by following the same process used in step-1 and 2 of compound-3.

Ή NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-< ):6 1 1.63 (s, IH), 8.90 (s, IH), 8.61 (s, IH), 8.55 (s, IH), 8.37- 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.39 (s, IH), 6.80-6.62 (s, IH), 3.80-3.59 (m, 15H), 2.88-2.64 (m, 2H). MS (ESI): 472 (M+l , 60%).

PATENT

WO2015104688

Example 13

6′-amino-N-(2-morphol ne]-6-carboxamide

Step-1: Synthesis of 6-chloro thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-2(3H)-thione

Using the same reaction conditions as described in step 1 of example 1, 4,6-dichloropyridin-3-amine (1.3 g, 7 mmol) was cyclised using potassium ethyl xanthate (2.55 g, 15 mmol) in DMF (25mL) at 150°C for 8h to afford the title compound (1.3 g, 86.6 %) as a light brown solid.

1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 14.2-14.0 (b, 1H), 8.274 (s, 1H), 7.931 (s, 1H); LCMS: 100%, m/z = 201.3 (M+l)⁺.

Step-2: Synthesis of 4-(6-chloro thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl) morpholine

To a suspension of 6-chlorothiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-2(3H)-thione (0.3 g, 1.16 mmol) in

DCM (4 mL), oxalyl chloride (0.2 mL, 2.38 mmol) and DMF (1.5 mL) were added at 0°C. The resulting mixture was slowly allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred there for 1 h. The reaction mixture was again cooled to 0°C and triethyl amine (0.66 mL, 4.76 mmol) and morpholine (0.13 mL, 1.75 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc/n-hexanes 3:7) to afford the title compound (0.14 g, 39.6 %) as a light brown solid.

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 3.74-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.61-3.59 (m, 4H); LCMS: m/z = 256.1 (M+l)⁺.

Step-3: Synthesis of 6′-amino-/V-(2-morpholino thiazolo [4,5-c]pyridin-6-yl)-[2,3′-bipyridine]-6-carboxamide

Using the same reaction conditions as described in step 4 of example 12, 4-(6-chlorothiazolo[4,5-c] pyridin-2-yl) morpholine (0.081 g, 0.32 mmol), was coupled with tert-butyl (6-carbamoyl-[2,3′-bipyridin]-6′-yl)carbamate (intermediate 2) (0.1 g, 0.32 mmol) using cesium carbonate (0.21 g, 0.64 mmol), XantPhos (0.028g, 0.047mmol) and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.015 mg, 0.015 mmol) in toluene : dioxane (2:2mL) to get the crude product. The resultant crude was purified by 60-120 silica gel column chromatography using 2% methanol in DCM as eluent. Further the resultant crude was purified by prep HPLC to afford title compound (0.01 g, 6 %) as an off-white solid.

1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 10.65 (s, 1H), 8.88 (d, 1H), 8.85 (dd, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.22-8.13 (m, 4 H), 7.09 (d, 1H), 3.73 (t, 4H), 3.58 (t, 4H). LCMS: 100%, m/z = 434.2 (M+l)⁺.

Example 11

(S)-2-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-N-(2-morpholino-5-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-6-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide

Step l:Preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 3-((2-morpholino-6-nitrooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)amino)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

A solution of 5-chloro-2-morpholino-6-nitrooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (300mg, 1.0563 mmol) (S)-tert-butyl 3 -aminopyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate (237mg, 1.267 mmol) and potassium carbonate (292mg, 2.112 mmol) in DMF (2mL) was heated at 100°C for 2h. Reaction was quenched with ice water and filtered the solid. The resultant crude was purified by 60-120 silica gel column chromatography using 1 % methanol in DCM as eluent to obtain the title compound (350mg, 76.25%). LCMS: m/z: 435.4 (M+l)⁺.

Step 2:Preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 3-((6-amino-2-morpholinooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)amino)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

Using the same reaction conditions as described in step 5 of example 1, (S)-tert-butyl 3- ((2-morpholino-6-nitrooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)amino)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate (350mg, 0.806 mmol) was reduced with zinc dust (422mg, 6.451 mmol) and ammonium chloride (691mg, 12.903 mmol) in THF/methanol/H₂0 (10mL/2mL/lmL) to get the title compound (240mg, 71.8%). LCMS: m/z: 405.2 (M+l)⁺.

Step 3:Preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 3-((6-(2-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamido)-2-morpholinooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)amino)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate

Using the same reaction conditions as described in step 6 of example 1, (S)-tert-butyl 3-((6-amino-2-morpholinooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)amino)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate (115mg, 0.284 mmol), was coupled with 2-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (70mg, 0.341 mmol) using EDCI.HCl (82mg, 0.426 mmol), HOBt (58mg, 0.426 mmol), DIPEA (0.199mL, 1.138 mmol) in DMF (2mL) to afford the title compound (lOOmg, 59.52%). LCMS: m/z: 591.4 (M+l)⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of (S)-2-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)-N-(2-morpholino-5-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-6-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamide

Using the same reaction conditions as described in step 8 of example 1, (S)-tert-butyl 3- ((6-(2-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)oxazole-4-carboxamido)-2-morpholinooxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)amino)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate (lOOmg, 0.169 mmol) was deprotected using methanolic HC1 (5mL) to get the crude product. This was then purified by prep HPLC to get the title compound (9mg, 10.84%).

1HNMR (CDCI₃, 400MHz): δ 9.91 (s, 1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 8.74-8.73 (d, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.76-7.74 (d, 1H), 4.50 (s, 1H), 4.04-4.03 (d, 4H), 3.30-3.00 (m, 7H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.40-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.00-0.08 (m, 1H). LCMS: 100%, m/z = 491.3 (M+l)⁺.