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“We have designed aripiprazole lauroxil to be a differentiated treatment option for schizophrenia, with a ready-to-use format with multiple dosing options.”

patent expiry

………………….patent…..approved….exp

United States	5006528	1994-10-20	2014-10-20
United States	7115587	2005-01-21	2025-01-21

Aripiprazole can be synthesized beginning with a dichloroaniline and bis(2-chloroethyl)amineU.S. Patent 5,006,528

Aripiprazole, 7-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butoxy}-3,4-dihydro carbostyril or 7-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butoxy}-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone, is an atypical antipsychotic agent useful for the treatment of schizophrenia (U.S. Pat. No. 4,74,416 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,528). Schizophrenia is a common type of psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations and extensive withdrawal from others. Onset of schizophrenia typically occurs between the age of 16 and 25 and affects 1 in 100 individuals worldwide. It is more prevalent, than Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependent diabetes and muscular dystrophy. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to significantly improved recovery and outcome. Moreover, early therapeutic intervention can avert costly hospitalization.

Aripiprazole (Aripiprazole) is an atypical antipsychotic, on 15 November 2002 by the U.S. FDA clearance to market, its efficacy is through the dopamine D2 receptor and serotonin 5HT1A receptor partial agonist activity and serotonin 5HT2A receptor antagonism activity mediated common. With its unique mechanism of action and safety assessment, aripiprazole known as third-generation antipsychotic drugs.

[0003] Aripiprazole is a quinolinone derivative, developed by the Japanese company Otsuka Pharmaceutical, the chemical name

Is: 7 – {4 – [4 – (2,3 – dichlorophenyl)-1_ piperazinyl] butoxy} -3,4 – dihydro-quinolone, the following structural formula:

[0004]

[0005] For the preparation of aripiprazole, Japanese OtsukaPharmaceutical’s patent EP 0367141A2, and related patents US4234585, CN89108934 preparation methods described in 5. In addition, the patent CN1450056A, CN1562973A, CN1784385A, CN1680328A, CN1576273A, etc. describe some of these five Preparation

Method is very similar way. These preparation methods are direct or indirect use of 7 – hydroxy -3,4 – dihydro – quinolin-2 – one (HCS) that the key to higher prices of raw materials, and some methods involve harsh reaction conditions, poor selectivity, low yield, but also increases the cost of industrial production of the product.

[0006] Chinese patent CN1304373C preparation method is not described in the 7 – hydroxy-3 ,4 _ dihydro-2_ (1H) – quinoline

Quinolone intermediates for their preparation of the core reaction is as follows:

[0007]

[0008] This reaction is Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, there is a harsh reaction conditions, the yield is low, the reaction selectivity is poor, the shortcomings of high emissions, is not conducive to industrial mass production. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a simple, high selectivity, high yield, low cost, environmentally friendly, easy to prepare industrialization aripiprazole and intermediates thereof.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention, the present invention provides in one aspect a process for preparingaripiprazole novel intermediates.

[0011] The present invention, on the other hand provides a method for the preparation of intermediates.

[0012] The present invention provides the use of the other intermediates for preparing aripiprazole two new preparation methods.

[0013] Specifically, the present invention relates to novel intermediates, compounds of formula ⑴:

[0014]

[0015] wherein, R is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, benzyl and other common alkyl groups in any one, and preferably is ethyl.

[0016] Compound of formula ⑴: 3 – (4 – (4 – (4 – (2,3 _-dichlorophenyl)-piperazinyl) butoxy) _2_ nitrophenyl) propionate, is the following prepared by the procedure:

[0017] Step one, the acylation reaction: with 4 – methyl – 3 – nitro-phenol (VIII) and acetic anhydride as the raw material, DMAP as catalyst, to give 4 – methyl – 3 – nitrophenyl acetate ( VII).

[0018] wherein 4 – methyl – 3 – nitro-phenol (VIII), acetic anhydride, DMAP molar ratio is preferably 1: 1.0 to 1.4: 0.05, at room temperature, the reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 3 hours.

[0019] Step two, the bromination reaction: The resulting product, 4 to Step one – methyl – 3 – nitrophenyl acetate (VII), N-bromosuccinimide and benzoyl peroxide as a raw material , carbon tetrachloride solvent reflux, to give 4 – bromomethyl-3 – nitrophenyl acetate (VI).

[0020] wherein 4 – methyl – 3 – nitrophenyl acetate (VII), N-bromosuccinimide, benzoyl peroxide molar ratio is preferably 1: 1 to 1.2: 0.05, reaction time is preferably 4-18 hours.

[0021] Step three, instead of the reaction: in an appropriate solvent, adding an alkaline agent and diethyl malonate was stirred in an ice bath, was added dropwise step two the resulting product, 4 – bromomethyl-3 – nitrophenyl yl acetate (VI) solution after completion of the addition reaction of 1 to 3 hours to obtain a brown liquid product, 2 – (4_ acetoxy-2 – nitrobenzyl) malonate (V).

[0022], wherein the alkali agent is a common organic or inorganic base selected from sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium hydride, sodium tert-butoxide or potassium tert-butoxide, preferably sodium tert-butoxide; the solvent is selected from tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, butanol, tert-butanol, toluene or N, N-dimethylformamide; 4 – bromomethyl-3 – nitrophenyl acetate (VI), alkaline agent and lipid diethyl molar ratio is preferably 1: 1.0 to 1.8: 1.0 to 1.4.

[0023] Step 4 Hydrolysis decarboxylation: the product obtained in Step Three 2 – (4_ acetoxy-2 – nitro-benzyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester (V) was added concentrated hydrochloric acid and a suitable solvent, heating and stirring reflux, to give a yellow solid product 3 – (4_ hydroxy-2 – nitrophenyl) propionic acid (IV).

[0024] wherein the solvent is selected from water, methanol, ethanol or acetic acid, water soluble solvent, was heated with stirring under reflux time is preferably 3 to 18 hours. [0025] Step five, the esterification reaction: the product obtained in step 4, 3 – (4 – hydroxy-2 – nitrophenyl) propionic acid (IV) was added to an appropriate solvent, the mixture was stirred in an ice bath, was added dropwise thionyl sulfone, after completion of the addition reaction of 1 to 3 hours, to give a pale brown liquid product 3 – (4 – hydroxy-2 – nitrophenyl) propionate (III).

[0026] wherein the solvent is selected from anhydrous methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol, benzyl alcohol, alcohol and other common solvents.

[0027] Step VI substitution reaction: 1,4 – dibromobutane was added to an appropriate solvent and an alkaline reagent, heated to 50 ~ 100 ° C, the product obtained was added dropwise Step Five 3 – (4_ hydroxy – nitrophenyl) propionate (III) solution, after the addition was complete the reaction was kept 2 to 4 hours to obtain a brown liquid product 3 – (4 – (4 – bromo-butoxy)-2 – nitrophenyl) propionate (II).

[0028] wherein the solvent is selected from methanol, 95% ethanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and N, N-dimethylformamide, and the like; said alkaline agent is a common organic or inorganic weak base, such as triethylamine, pyridine, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, etc..

[0029] Step 7 condensation reaction: the product obtained in Step Six 3 – (4 – (4 – bromo-butoxy)-2 – nitrophenyl) propionate (II) adding a suitable solvent, (2,3 – dichlorophenyl)-piperazine hydrochloride 1_, alkaline reagents and catalysts, to obtain

The intermediate product 3 – (4 – (4 – (4 – (2,3 – dichlorophenyl)-piperazin-1 – yl) butoxy)-2 – nitrophenyl) propionate ⑴.

[0030] Among them, 3 – (4 – (4 – (4 – (2,3 _-dichlorophenyl)-piperazinyl) butoxy) _2_ nitrophenyl) propionate (I), (2, 3 – dichloro-phenyl)-piperazine hydrochloride 1_, alkaline reagents and catalysts, the four molar ratio is preferably 1: 0.9 to 1.0: 2.0 to 2.2: 0.05 to 0.5. The solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol and N, N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and the like. Step six of the alkaline reagent and alkaline reagent used in the same, said catalyst is a common low-iodine salts, such as sodium iodide, potassium iodide.

[0031] The present invention provides two other hand, the use of a compound of formula ⑴ preparing aripiprazole new method.

[0032] Method one: ⑴ intermediate compound of formula in an appropriate solvent in the acid or salt or a base in the presence of a reducing agent under the action of restoring ring closure reaction to obtain aripiprazole.

[0033] Method one reductive cyclization of the reducing agent used is iron, zinc, sodium sulfide, stannous chloride, and preferably iron; reaction solvent is selected from water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate or in one or more of the mixed solvent; said acid is a common organic or inorganic acid, preferably acetic acid or hydrochloric acid; said salt is a common inorganic or organic salts selected from chloride, ferrous chloride, , ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide or sodium acetate and the like; common said base is an inorganic base selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate; the reduction ring-closing reaction temperature range of 30 ~ 140 ° C, preferably about 80 ° C; reaction time ranges from about 0.5 to 8 hours, preferably 2 hours.

[0034] Method two: ⑴ intermediate compound of formula in an appropriate solvent in the first catalyst, the reduction reaction, and then carried out in a suitable solvent can be prepared by cyclization of aripiprazole.

[0035] The reduction reaction of the second approach, the reducing agent is hydrogen or a carboxylic acid; the catalyst is selected from molybdenum, molybdenum dioxide or Raney nickel, preferably Raney nickel; the solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate or acetic acid, preferably ethanol; said ring-closing reaction of the solvent is selected from N, N-dimethylformamide, trichlorobenzene or xylene; reaction temperature range of 50 ~ 180 ° C, preferably about 70 ~ 150 ° C; reaction time the range of about 1 to 8 hours.

[0036] In summary, the present invention is described for preparing aripiprazole method in 4– methyl – 3 – nitro-phenol (VIII) as a starting material, by acetylation protected hydroxy, radical instead of 4 – bromomethyl-3 – nitrophenyl acetate (VI), the diethyl malonate and a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain 2 – (4_ acetoxy-2 – nitrobenzyl ) malonic acid diethyl ester (V), which is decarboxylated by hydrolysis, esterification, to give 3 – (4 – hydroxy-2 – nitrophenyl) propionate (III), the reaction product with dibromobutane an ether compounds, and with (2,3 – dichlorophenyl)-piperazine hydrochloride 1_ condensation, to give 3 – (4 – (4 – (4 – (2,3 – dichlorophenyl) piperazine -1 – yl) butoxy) -2 – nitrophenyl) propionate (I), and then by reductive cyclization step, or first reduced and then ring-closing reaction of aripiprazole. The synthetic route of the present invention is as follows: [0037]

According to Example 1 of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 191256/1990, anhydrous aripiprazole crystals are manufactured for example by reacting 7-(4-bromobutoxy)-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril with 1-(2,3-dichlorophenylpiperadine and recrystallizing the resulting raw anhydrousaripiprazole with ethanol. Also, according to the Proceedings of the 4th Japanese-Korean Symposium on Separation Technology (Oct. 6-8, 1996), anhydrousaripiprazole crystals are manufactured by heating aripiprazole hydrate at 80° C. However, the anhydrous aripiprazole crystals obtained by the aforementioned methods have the disadvantage of being significantly hygroscopic.

The hygroscopicity of these crystals makes them difficult to handle since costly and burdensome measures must be taken in order ensure they are not exposed to moisture during process and formulation. Exposed to moisture, the anhydrous form can take on water and convert to a hydrous form. This presents several disadvantages. First, the hydrous forms of aripiprazole have the disadvantage of being less bioavailable and less dissoluble than the anhydrous forms ofaripiprazole. Second, the variation in the amount of hydrous versus anhydrousaripiprazole drug substance from batch to batch could fail to meet specifications set by drug regulatory agencies. Third, the milling may cause the drug substance, Conventional Anhydrous Aripiprazole, to adhere so manufacturing equipment which may further result in processing delay, increased operator involvement, increased cost, increased maintenance, and lower production yield. Fourth, in addition to problems caused by introduction of moisture during the processing of these hygroscopic crystals, the potential for absorbance of moisture during storage and handling would adversely affect the dissolubility of aripiprazole drug substance. Thus shelf-life of the product could be significantly decreased and/or packaging costs could be significantly increased. It would be highly desirable to discover a form of aripiprazole that possessed low hygroscopicity thereby facilitating pharmaceutical processing and formulation operations required for producing dosage units of an aripiprazole medicinal product having improved shelf-life, suitable dissolubility and suitable bioavailability.

Also, Proceedings of the 4 the Japanese-Korean Symposium on Separation Technology (Oct. 6-8, 1996) state that, anhydrous aripiprazole crystals exist as type-I crystals and type-II crystals; the type-I crystals of anhydrous aripiprazolecan be prepared by recrystallizing from an ethanol solution of aripiprazole, or by heating aripiprazole hydrate at 80° C.; and the type-II crystals of anhydrousaripiprazole can be prepared by heating the type-I crystals of anhydrousaripiprazole at 130 to 140° C. for 15 hours.

By the aforementioned methods, anhydrous aripiprazole type-II crystals having high purity can not be easily prepared in an industrial scale with good repeatability.

Crude aripiprazole (30 g) was taken in isopropyl alcohol (600 ml) and was heated to 80-85 ° C. Water (90 ml) was added at the same temperature. Activated carbon was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature. The resulting hot solution was filtered and the bed was washed with hot isopropyl alcohol. The resulting filtrate was cooled to 25-30 ° C for 4 hours. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with isopropyl alcohol and dried under suction for 1 hour. The resulting wet solid was dried in preheated oven maintained at 100-105 ° C for 6 hours to obtain title compound.

Yield: 87-89% HPLC Purity: 99.89

Anhydrous crystal D: Below detectable limit (BDL) at limit of detection 1%.

Hydrate A: Below detectable limit (BDL) at limit of detection 1%.

Particle Size Distribution: d ₁₀ = 15.83 m, d ₅₀ = 60.12 m, d ₉₀ = 144.99 m

Crude aripiprazole (15 g) was taken in ethanol (300 ml) and water (45 ml) and was heated to 80-85 ° C for 1-2 hours. The resulting mixture was cooled to 25-30 ° C within 4 hours and . stirred for 3 hours The resulting solid was filtered and dried under suction for 1 hour The resulting wet solid was dried in preheated oven maintained at 100-105 ° C for 3 hours to obtain title compound Yield:.. 90% HPLC Purity: 99.9 %

Anhydrous crystal D: Below detectable limit (BDL) at limit of detection 1%.

Hydrate A: Below detectable limit (BDL) at limit of detection 1%.

Particle Size Distribution: d ₁₀ = 22.01 m, d ₅₀ = 105.10 m, d ₉₀ = 232.97 m

For the Process of references Aripiprazole (Abilify, Japanese: Oh, Bldg re phi, Ann reピplastic AKZO have suitable; Chinese: Ann-law who, aripiprazole)

Yasuo Oshiro, Seiji Sato, Nobuyuki Kurahashi, Tatsuyoshi Tanaka, Tetsuro Kikuchi, Katsura Tottori, Yasufumi Uwahodo, and Takao Nishi; Novel Antipsychotic Agents with Dopamine autoreceptor Agonist Properties: Synthesis and Pharmacology of 7 – [4 – (4-Phenyl-1- piperazinyl) butoxy] – 3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone Derivatives ; J. Med Chem. 1998, 41, 658-667.

Yasuo Oshiro, Seiji Sato, Nobuyuki Kurahashi; Carbostyril Derivatives , Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.;. U.S. Patent 5006528 ; Issue Date: Apr 9, 1991

BANDO, Takuji, YANO, Katsuhiko, FUKANA, Makoto, AOKI, Satoshi; Method for producing fine particles of aripiprazole anhydride crystals b; OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO, LTD, WO 2013002420 A1..

Yuanqiu Hui, Chen Hongwen, Qian Wen, firewood rain column, Xu Dan, Yang Zhimin, Tian Zhoushan; method for preparing high purity of aripiprazole; NJCTT Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; application number: 201210292382.0; Publication Number: CN102863377A; Publication date: 2013.01.09 After (The invention relates to the field of medicine and chemical industry, in particular to a method for preparing high purity of aripiprazole would join aripiprazole A solvent is heated, filtered, and the filtrate was added to a solvent B, low temperature mixing, filtration, the filter cake is suspended in water, adjusted to alkaline pH of the aqueous solution, filtration, high temperature vacuum dried to obtain a high-purity refined product Aripiprazole This method is simple, high purity, suitable for the industrial the large-scale application)

ZHENG Siji, LIU Xiaoyi, FU Linyong, TAN Bo, ZHOU Min:.. ARIPIPRAZOLE MEDICAMENT FORMULATION AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR / FORMULATION DE MÉDICAMENT ARIPIPRAZOLE ET SON PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION / a aripiprazole pharmaceutical formulation and preparation method SHANGHAI ZHONGXI. PHARMACEUTICAL January 2013: WO 2013/000391

Zheng Si Ji, Liu Xiaoyi, Fulin Yong, Tan Bo, Zhou Min: A aripiprazole pharmaceutical formulation and preparation method; Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Western; Publication date: 2013.01.02: Application Number: CN 201210235157.3; Publication Number: CN102846543A (the invention provides a method for preparing aripiprazole pharmaceutical formulation, comprising the steps of: an acidic solution containing aripiprazole is dissolved in the acidulant, to obtain an acidic solution containing the drug; Thereafter, the resulting drug-containing acidic solution alkalizing agents and materials prepared by wet granulation or suspension to give aripiprazole pharmaceutical formulation; said excipients include antioxidants)

Zheng Si Ji; Tan wave; Fulin Yong; Liu Xiaoyi; Yuanshao Qing; Cao Zhihui; aripiprazole Ⅰ type microcrystalline, aripiprazole solid preparation and preparation methods; application number: 201110180032.0; Publication Number: CN102850268A; Publication Date: 2013.01.02

Cai Fu Bo, Qin Xinrong, Du Xiaochun, Li Ling; kind of aripiprazole improved method of synthesis; Chengdu Nakasone Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; Application Number: 200910058148.X; Publication Number: CN101781246A; Publication date: 2010.07.21 (the invention provides a method of synthesis of aripiprazole improved method according to the modified method of the present invention, aripiprazole into the etherification reaction and condensation reaction of two-step synthesis, by an etherification reaction in the quinolone compound and at least 6-fold molar equivalents of 1,4 – dihalo-butane reacted with a non-polar solvent ether aripiprazole precipitate, and recovering 1,4 – dihalo-butane recycling; azeotropic condensation reaction of a ketone to be / water mixture as solvent, aripiprazole etherified with a piperazine compound or a salt thereof in the presence of a base under reflux and alkaline metal iodide compound conditions, the amount of water added to the end of the reaction, cooling crystallization, filtration, and dried to give aripiprazole. improved high yield synthesis of high purity, step simple, low cost, suitable for industrial production.)

GUPTA, Vijay Shankar, KUMAR, Pramod, VIR, Dharam; Process for producing aripiprazole in anhydrous type i crystals; JUBILANT LIFE SCIENCES LIMITED; WO 2012131451 A1

SRIVASTAVA JAYANT GUPTA Vijay Shankar;. Improved process for the preparation of 7 (4-bromobutoxy) 3,4-dihydrocarbostyril, a precursor of aripiprazole; wo2011030213 A1

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