Axitinib (AG013736; trade name Inlyta) is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor developed by Pfizer. It has been shown to significantly inhibit growth of breast cancer in animal (xenograft) models[2] and has shown partial responses in clinical trials with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)[3] and several other tumour types.[4] It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration after showing a modest increase in progression-free survival,[5] though there have been reports of fatal adverse effects.[6]
Axitinib, a small-molecule indazole derivative chemically known as (E)-N-methyl-2-(3-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)-vinyl)-1H-indazol-6-ylthio)benzamide developed by Pfizer, was approved in January 2012 by the U.S. FDA with the trade name Inlyta. It selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma
On January 27, 2012, axitinib was approved with the trade name INLYTA for treatment of patients in the United States with advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of one prior systemic therapy.
It has received FDA (27 January 2012), EMA (13 September 2012), MHRA (3 September 2012) and TGA (26 July 2012) approval for use as a treatment for renal cell carcinoma.[11][12][13][14]
A study published in 2015[15] showed that axitinib effectively inhibits a mutated gene (BCR-ABL1[T315I]) that is common in chronic myeloid leukemias and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemias which have become resistant to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors likeimatinib. This is one of the first examples of a new indication for an existing drug being discovered by screening known drugs using a patient’s own cells.
The discovery and development of an efficient synthesis route to axinitib is reported. The first-generation route researched by Pfizer implemented two Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions as key steps. In this work, the development of Heck-type and C–S coupling reactions catalyzed by CuI is briefly described, using an economial and practical protocol. Aspects of this route, such as selecting optimal ligands, solvent, and other conditions, are discussed in detail. The scale-up experiment was carried out to provide more than 300 g of active pharmaceutical ingredients of axitinib in Form XLI with 99.9% purity in 39% yield. In short, we provide a new choice of synthesis route to axitinib, through two copper-catalyzed coupling reactions with good yield.
Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00123
(E)-N-Methyl-2-(3-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-indazol-6-ylthiol)benzamide (Axitinib) Form XLI (326.4 g in 96% yield with purity 99.91%). Residual Cu content was determined to be 2.2 ppm by atomic absorption spectroscopy: mp 227.7 °C;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.27 (s, 1H), 8.60 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63–7.44 (m, 3H), 7.29 (p, J = 7.4, 6.6 Hz, 3H), 7.19 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H);
13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.89, 154.86, 149.54, 142.01, 141.86, 136.92, 136.88, 135.67, 132.52, 130.32, 129.99, 129.25, 127.80, 126.15, 125.59, 123.66, 122.68, 122.50, 121.79, 120.29, 114.76, 26.13.
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Axitinib (Axitinib, AG-013736, CAS: 319460-85-0) is a Pfizer research and development by the United States of new, mainly targeting VEGFR kinase GABA, inhibiting angiogenesis anticancer small molecule drug, trade name Inlyta, for other systems therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (Renal Cell Carcinoma, RCC), 2008 has been approved in the domestic clinical, and Pfizer’s cancer drug Sutent another similar imatinib (Sunitinib) , Axitinib also potent and selective multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (Vascular EndothelialGrowth Factor Rec India tor, VEGFR), including VEGFl receptor, VECF2 receptors and VECF3 receptor, can inhibit platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, PDGFR) and c_KIT. Axitinib is called sunitinib second generation, better than sunitinib adverse reactions.
Axitinib (II) chemical name 6- [2_ (methylcarbamoyl) phenylsulfanyl] -3-E- [2_ (Batch-2-yl) ethenyl] indazole structural formula as follows:
Axitinib (II)
Assi synthesis method for Nepal mainly in the following three ways:
(I) Patent US20060094881 (Agouron Pharmaceuticals), EP2163544 (Pfizer) reported the first synthesis method Axitinib to 3,6-diiodo-indazole as a starting material, first-iodo-6-position is substituted mercapto group, protection of the NH group, then the Heck reaction occurs (pyridine-2-yl) vinyl 3-position, after deprotection Axitinib whole synthesis route is as follows:
Axitinib Scheme I
This method although the synthesis route is shorter, but the catalyst and reagents used relatively expensive and require purified through the column, the total yield is low, is not conducive to industrial production.
[0004] (2) The second method of synthesis Axitinib e.g. W00102369 (Agouron Pharmaceuticals), US6531491 (Agouron Pharmaceuticals) reported in 6-nitro-indazole as a starting material, the 3-position first iodo, followed by the protecting group NH, Suzuki coupling reaction with boronic acid to give 3- styryl styryl-position, a nitro group reduced to an amino group, an amino diazotization reaction was iodo, the 3-position of the styrene-based ozone of the obtained aldehyde, followed by Wittig reaction to give the 3-position (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl, 6-position is substituted mercapto iodine, alkaline hydrolysis then amidated, and finally deprotection Axitinib, the entire reaction formula as follows:
Axitinib Scheme 2
The method of synthesis route is long, harsh reaction conditions, complex process, the total yield is low, does not apply to industrial production.
[0005] (3) The third method is W02006048745 (Pfizer) discloses to 6-nitro-indazole as a starting material, the 3-position iodo first, followed by the protecting group NH, 3- bits Heck coupling reaction, a nitro group reduced to an amino group, an amino diazotization reaction was iodo, iodo-6-position is substituted mercapto group, and finally deprotected to give Axitinib, the entire reaction is as follows:
This method has an advantage over the first two methods, it is possible to enlarge the production, but the reaction was not complete in the reaction step, will generate new impurities through the column needs to be purified.
SYNTHESIS
aReagents and conditions: (a) I2, K2CO3, DMF; (b) CH2Cl2, CH3SO3H, dihydrofuran; (c) compound B, i-Pr2EtN, Pd(OAc)2, (o-Tol)3P, DMF; (d) iron, EtOH, NH4Cl; (e) AcOH, NaNO2, CH2Cl2, I2/KI; (f) compound C, Pd(dppf)Cl2, Cs2CO3, DMF; (h) 1, p-TsOH, MeOH; 2, NaHCO3; (i) AcOH, MeOH, Pd removal, recrystallization.
http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006048745A1?cl=en
Example 15: Final deprotectioπ step to produce 6-r2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfanyll-3-E-f2- (pyridine-2-yl)ethenyllindazole
N-1 THP 6-[2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfanyl]-3-E-[2-(pyridine-2-yl)ethenyl]indazole (355 g) was suspended in 2,485 ml_ of methanol, after which p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (718 g) was added. The mixture was then heated to 65 0C (hard reflux) for 4 hours under argon while the reaction was monitored by HPLC (gluco method). Heating continued until less than 1% of the N-1 THP protected starting material persisted. The heating was then removed and the reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solid was filtered and the wet cake was washed with methanol (2 volumes, 710 mL) then the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate (2 volumes, 710 mL). The wet cake was transferred to a reactor containing sodium bicarbonate (126.84 g), deionized water (1800 mL), and ethyl acetate (975 mL), which was then stirred for 2 hours at 2O0C. The solids were filtered and washed with 5 volumes of deionized water (1800 mL), then with 2 volumes of ethyl acetate (760 mL), and then dried in a vacuum oven at 400C for 16 hours. The isolated yield for the reaction was 92.5% (274 g). The isolated material was identified as crystalline Form III free base (0.5 ethyl acetate solvate). 1H NMR, 300 MHz, (DMSO-D6), ppm; 13.35 (1 H, s), 8.60 (1 H, d, J=3.8 Hz), 8.39 (1 H, m), 8.23 (1 H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.95 (1 H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 7.82 (1 H, ddd, J=7.7, 7.6, 1.8 Hz), 7.67 (1 H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 7.60 (a H, s), 7.57 (1 H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 7.49 (1 H, dd, J=7.1 , 1.6 Hz), 7.35-7.26 (3 H, m), 7.19 (1 H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.04 (1 H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 2.77 (3 H, d, J=4.6 Hz). 13C NMR, 75 MHz, (DMSO-D6) ppm: 168.23, 155.18, 149.81 , 142.35, 142.22, 137.31 , 136.00, 132.89, 130.64, 130.36, 129.51 , 128.14, 126.50, 125.93, 124.08, 123.01 , 122.85, 122.12, 120.642, 115.08, 26.45.
Example 21 : Preparation of 6-F2-(methylcarbamovDphenylsulfanyll-3-Z-r2-(pyridine-2- vDethenyllindazole
To a 100 ml_ 3-neck flask containing a solution of 0.95 g of 6-[2- (methylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfanyl]-3-[2-(pyridine-2-yl)ethynyl]indazole was added 2.5 g of phenyliodide diacetate followed by 1.0 mL of H2NNH2 H2O. After the bubbling had settled, more phenyliodide diacetate and H2NNH2 H2O were added in small portions, until LC/MS indicated the disappearance of 6-[2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfanyl]-3-[2-(pyridine-2-yl)ethynyl]indazole and the formation of 6-[2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenylsuIfanyl]-3-Z-[2-(pyridine-2-yl)ethenyl]indazole. Example 22: Palladium removal and polymorph control of 6-[2-(methylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfanvn- 3-E-r2-(pyridine-2-vDethenyllindazole
4) MeOH, reflux
Polymorph Form IV
5) HOAc/Xylenes
To a 12 L 3-neck flask, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, was added 160.20 g of 6-[2- (methylc’arbamoyl)phenylsulfanyl]-3-E-[2-(pyridine-2-yl)ethenyl]indazole and 1.6 L of DMA and 1.6 L of THF. After stirring for 20 minutes, the mixture became homogeneous. To the clear solution was added 800.99 g of 10% cysteine-silica and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight.
The mixture was filtered through a medium sintered glass fritted funnel, and the cake was washed with a solution of 500 mL of DMA and 500 mL of THF. The cake was further washed with 2.0 L of THF and the filtrate was collected into a separate flask. The volatile parts in the latter filtrate were removed in vacuo and the residue was combined with the main filtrate. The combined filtrate was recharged back into the 12 L flask, followed by 800 g of 10% cysteine-silica. The flask was equipped with a mechanical stirrer and stirred over the weekend at room temperature. The mixture was then filtered through a medium sintered glass fritted funnel and the silica was washed with a mixture of solvents of 500 ml. of DMA and 500 ml_ of THF, followed by 3.0 L of THF. The volatile parts in the filtrate were removed in vacuo and the remaining solution was transferred to a 22 L 3-neck flask and treated with 12 L of water (added over a 20 minute period of time), a thick precipitate formed at this stage. After stirring overnight, the mixture was filtered and the cake was washed with 2.0 L of water and sucked dry.
The cake was charged to a 5 L 3-neck flask, followed by 1.6 L of THF and 160 mL of DMF. The flask was equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and the mixture was heated at reflux for 8 hours. After cooling overnight, the mixture was filtered through sharkskin filter paper and sucked dry. The cake was charged to a 5 L 3-neck flask and 1.6 L of MeOH was added. The flask was equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a water condenser and the contents were heated at reflux for 6 hours. After cooling overnight, the mixture was filtered through sharkskin filter paper and sucked dry.
The cake was dissolved into 1.6 L of HOAc with the assistance of gentle heating in the water bath of a rotary evaporator. The solution was filtered through #3 filter paper and the total volume of the filtrate was reduced to ~500 mL in volume on the rotary evaporator at 60 °C/60 mmHg. At this stage, the bulk of the mixture remained a yellow solution and a small amount of precipitate formed. To the flask was charged 500 mL of xylenes (precipitate formed) and the total volume was reduced to -500 mL in volume on the rotary evaporator at 60°C/60 mmHg. The process was repeated two more times. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, the cake was washed with 500 mL of xylenes and sucked dry. The cake was transferred to a glass dish and further dried at 80°C/27 inch vacuum overnight.
The cake was off-white in color and weighed 108.38g. X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicated that a crystalline form was present, which was characterized as Form IV by a powder X- ray diffraction pattern comprising peaks at the following approximate diffraction angles (20): 8.9, 12.0, 14.6, 15.2, 15.7, 17.8, 19.2, 20.5, 21.6, 23.2, 24.2, 24.8, 26.2, and 27.5.
While the invention has been illustrated by reference to specific and preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that variations and modifications may be made through routine experimentation and practice of the invention. Thus, the invention is intended not to be limited by the foregoing description, but to be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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Chekal, B. P.; Guinness, S. M.; Lillie, B. M.; McLaughlin, R. W.; Palmer, C. W.; Post, R. J.; Sieser, J. E.; Singer, R. A.; Sluggett, G. W.; Vaidyanathan, R.; Withbroe, G. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2014, 18, 266 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op400088k
The manufacturing process of axitinib (1) involves two Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions, a Migita coupling and a Heck reaction. Optimization of both of these pivotal bond-formation steps is discussed as well as the approach to control impurities in axitinib. Essential to the control strategy was the optimization of the Heck reaction to minimize formation of impurities, in addition to the development of an efficient isolation of crude axitinib to purge impurities.
Babu, S.; Dagnino, R., Jr.; Ouellette, M. A.; Shi, B.; Tian, Q.; Zook, S. E. PCT Int. Appl. WO/2006/048745, 2006.
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http://www.google.com/patents/CN103570696A?cl=en
formula:
A Axitinib intermediate (1) production method, based on 6-nitro-indazole as a starting material, in the first catalyst is reacted with 3,4-dihydro -2H- pyran, bits of NH the protecting group tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl, then the three iodide, to give the key intermediate in high yield 3-iodo-6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyrazol pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (I), comprising the following synthetic steps:
(1) 6-nitro-indazole dissolved in an aprotic solvent, and 3,4-dihydro -2H- pyran catalyst, 6-nitro-indazole in the catalyst and the 3,4-dihydro -2H – pyran reaction, the protecting group NH-position, was prepared to give 6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, the reaction equation is:
Wherein the 3,4-dihydro -2H- pyran an amount of 3 equivalents wide;
Aprotic solvent is acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, toluene or xylene;
The catalyst is 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone, p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid;
The reaction temperature is 7 (T90 ° C, the reaction time is 1 to 4 hours;
(2) 6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole dissolved in a polar aprotic solvent, iodine was added and the acid-binding agent, an inorganic base, to afford 3- iodo-6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (I), the reaction equation is:
Wherein the polar aprotic solvent is N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N- dimethylacetamide, N, N- diethylformamide, N, N- diethyl-acetamide ;
Inorganic base acid binding agent is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, lithium hydroxide;
The reaction temperature is 2 (T40 ° C, the reaction time is 8 to 20 hours.
[0009] A Axitinib intermediate (1) in preparation for the Nepalese Asif application, based on intermediate (1) and 2-vinyl pyridine Heck coupling reaction, followed sequentially nitro reduction and the diazotization reaction of iodine, and finally with a 2-mercapto–N- methylbenzamide was prepared by deprotection docking axitinib, including the following synthetic steps:
(I) Intermediate (1) and be given 2_ vinylpyridine Jie Heck coupling reaction to give (E) _6_ nitro _3- [2_ (P than-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, the reaction equation is:
(2) (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- nitro indazole group reduction reaction, to give (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, The reaction equation is:
(3) (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole diazo of the iodide to give (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole The reaction equation is:
(4) (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole with 2- mercapto-methylbenzamide reaction -N-, to give (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyrazol pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazol-6-yl] thio} benzamide, the reaction equation is:
(5) (E) -N- methyl-2- {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazol-6-yl] thio} benzamide deprotected Axitinib (II), the reaction equation is:
Example 1
A Assi intermediates for preparing Nigeria, comprising the steps of:
Synthesis of (I) 6- nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added acetonitrile (2L), followed by addition of 6-nitro-indazole (163.1g, 1.0mol), 3, 4- dihydro -2H- pyran (168.2g, 2.0mol), 2,3- dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (22.7g, 0.1mol), was heated to 820C under reflux for 2 hours to complete the reaction, cooled to room temperature, rotary evaporated to dryness, added water and dichloromethane 2L 2L, stirring I hour, delamination, the organic phase washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and rotary evaporated to dryness, and then dissolved in acetonitrile and 2L, stirring ice-salt bath chilled to _5 ° C for 2 hours, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with a small amount of cold acetonitrile, recrystallized from ethanol, 60 ° C and dried in vacuo 12 hours to give an off-white solid, 6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 236.3 g, yield 95.6%, m.p. 110 ~ 120 ° C, 1Η NMR (CDCl3): δ 1.30-1.83 (m, 6Η, Η3, _Η5,), 3.82-3.93 (m, 2Η, Η6 ‘), 5.86 (m , 1Η, Η2 ‘), 8.10-8.12 (m, 2Η, Η3, Η5), 8.31 (m, 1Η; Η4), 8.55 (s, 1Η, Η7);
The reaction equation is as follows:
(2) 3-iodo-6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (I),
5L reaction flask in DMF 700mL, followed by addition of 6-nitro-_1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (225.0g, 0.91mol, l.0eq) and potassium carbonate ( 251.6g, 1.82mol, 2.0eq), ice-cooled (10 ° C or less), followed by stirring, iodine (415.8g, 1.64mol, 1.8eq) was dissolved in DMF 300mL, was added dropwise to the reaction system, addition time 2 hours , the reaction system was stirred at 25 ° C for 16 hours to complete the reaction, sodium thiosulfate was added (223.0g, 1.41mol, 1.55eq) and 1.50g of potassium carbonate aqueous solution (1.5L), while maintaining the internal temperature 30 ° C Hereinafter, stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, water was added with stirring 2L, solid precipitated, stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, suction filtered, the filter cake was washed with water, 60 ° C and dried in vacuo 12 hours to give a pale yellow solid (Ι), 326.5g, yield 96.2%, m.p. 135 ~ 137 ° C / H NMR (DMS0_d6): δ 1.60-1.61 (m, 2H, H4,, H5 ‘), 1.73-1.76 (m, 1H, H5’), 2.01-2.04 (m, 2H, H3 ‘, H4’), 2.35-2.38 (m, 1H, H3 ‘), 3.81-3.87 (m, 2H, H6’), 6.11-6.14 (dd, 1H, H2 ‘), 7.70-7.72 (d , 1H, H4),
8.05-8.07 (dd, 1H, H5), 8.79 (s, 1H, H7).
The reaction equation is as follows:
A Axitinib intermediate (1) in the preparation for the Nepalese Asif applications, including the following synthetic steps:
Synthesis of (I) (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added DMF (2L), followed by addition of the intermediate (1) (312.0g, 0.84mol), 2- vinylpyridine (127.5g, 1.21mol), N, N- diisopropylethylamine ( 205.3g, 1.59mol), tri-o-tolylphosphine (22.3g, 0.073mol) and palladium chloride (4.9g, 0.028mol), nitrogen, and heated to 100 ° C for 12 hours to complete the reaction, cooled to 45 ° C, isopropanol was added 1L, stirring at 45 ° C for 30 minutes, diluted with water and 5L, stirring at room temperature for I h, suction filtered, washed with water, isopropanol was added to the filter cake 1.2L, stirred at 55 ° C for 30 minutes, then stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with cold isopropanol, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2 – yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 275.3g, 94.0% yield, m.p. 175 ~ 176 ^, ¾ NMR (DMSO-Cl6): δ 1.63-1.64 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5’), 1.79-1.81 (m, 1H, H5 ‘), 2.05-2.07 (m, 2H, H3’, H4 ‘), 2.44-2.50 (m, 1H , H3 ‘), 3.86-3.90 (m, 2H, H6’), 6.15-6.18 (dd, 1H, H2 ‘), 7.30-7.33 (dd, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.65-7.69 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.72-7.74 (d, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.82-7.86 (m, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.96-8.00 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl HI), 8.07 -8.10 (dd, 1H, H4), 8.44-8.46 (d, 1H, H5), 8.63-8.64 (d, 1H, pyridine H6), 8.77-8.78 (d, 1H, H7);
The reaction equation is as follows:
Synthesis of (2) (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2Η-) -1H- indazole
5L reaction flask in ethanol HOOmLdjC 1000mL and ammonium chloride (300.0g, 5.61mol), was dissolved with stirring, followed by addition of (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (255.0g, 0.73mol), was added iron powder (162.6g, 2.91mol), heated to 50 ° C the reaction was stirred for 2 hours to completion of the reaction, was cooled to 22 ° C, tetrahydrofuran 2L, stirred for I hour at room temperature, filtered through Celite, the filter cake washed with tetrahydrofuran and the filtrate was rotary evaporated to dryness, cooled to room temperature, water was added 2L, stirred for I hour at room temperature, pumping filtered, the filter cake washed with petroleum ether, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give a pale yellow solid 206.5g, (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole, yield 88.6%, m.p. 162 ~ 164 ° C / H NMR (CDCl3): δ 1.63-1.77 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5 ‘), 2.02-2.06 (m, 1H, H5’), 2.17-2.18 (m, 1H, H4 ‘), 2.55-2.60 (m, 1H, H3’) 3.70-3.72 (m, 2H, H3 ‘, H6 ‘), 3.91 (s, 2H, NH2), 4.04-4.07 (m, 1H, H6’), 5.57-5.60 (dd, 1H, H2 ‘), 6.64-6.66 (dd, 1H, H5), 6.74-6.75 (d, 1H, H7), 7.13-7.16 (dd, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.48-7.50 (d, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.49-7.53 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.64 -7.68 (m, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.78-7.82 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl Hl), 7.82-7.83 (d, 1H, H4), 8.60-8.61 (d, 1H, pyridine H6) ;
The reaction equation is as follows:
Synthesis of (3) (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added 600mL of water and sodium nitrite (70.2g, 1.02mol), stirred and dissolved, and cooled to (TC, (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl ] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (200.0g, 0.62mol) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid 1.3L, dropwise added to the system dropwise over I h, a solution process maintain an internal temperature of 0 ° C, the same temperature for I hour, dropping HCl solution (concentrated hydrochloric acid 112mL, water 200mL) at O ° C, the dropping time of 10 minutes, with the temperature for I h, TLC plate tracking point diazonium salt formation reaction (PE: EA = 1: 1). dropwise 800mL dichloromethane between 0 ° C, the dropping time of 5 minutes, potassium iodide (207.3g, l.25mol) and iodine (79.2g, 0.31mol) was dissolved water 600mL, in (TC dropwise added to the system at the same temperature for 2 hours to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into the system to 20% sodium thiosulfate solution (2L) and dichloromethane SOOmL and stirred, layered , the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane frozen (2x800mL), dichloromethane phases were combined burning, 3M sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise 3.5L, adjust the aqueous phase pH = 9 ~ 12, and water was added ammonia 200mL 400mL, stirred for 30 minutes , separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (2×1.2L), the organic phases were combined, rotary evaporated to dryness, and purified through silica gel to give (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl ) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 176.0g, 65.4% yield, m.p. 142 ~ 143 ° C, 1H NMR (DMS0_d6): δ 1.58- 1.61 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5,) 1.72-1.78 (m, 1H, H5,), 1.97-2.04 (m, 2H, H3,, H4,), 2.38-2.44 (m, 1H, H3,) , 3.79-3.81 (m, 1H, H6,), 3.88-3.90 (m, 1H, H6,), 5.91-5.94 (dd, 1H, H2,), 7.29-7.31 (m, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.56 -7.60 (d, 1H ,, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.57-7.59 (m, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.69-7.71 (d, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.80-7.84 (m, 1H, H4 ), 7.89-7.93 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl HI), 8.01-8.03 (d, 1H, H5), 8.25 (s, 1H, H7), 8.61-8.62 (d, 1H, pyridine H6) ;
The reaction equation is as follows:
(4) (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) _1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole 6-ylthio} benzamide]
A 5L reaction flask was added DMF (1750mL) and (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1H- indazole (175.0g, 0.41mol), nitrogen, was added [1, I, – bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium dichloromethane complex (14.9g, 0.018mmol ), cesium carbonate (198.3g, 0.61mol) and dichloromethane 20mL, was added 2-mercapto -N- methylbenzamide (84.9g, 0.5Imol), heated to 80 ° C for 16 hours to complete the reaction, spin distilled was removed DMF, cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate was added 3L, water 4L, stirred for 40 minutes, the organic phase was separated, washed with brine, layered, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and rotary evaporated to dryness, to give (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazol-6-yl] thio } benzamide, 165.6g, a yield of 86.7%, the melting point of 142 ~ 143 ° C;
The reaction equation is as follows:
(5) Synthesis of axitinib
In a 2L reaction flask was added (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) _1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H – indazol-6-yl] thio} benzamide (150.0g, 0.32mol), p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (303.2g, 1.59mol), methanol (800mL) and water (150mL), nitrogen, heated to 65 ° C for 4 hours, spin evaporated to dryness and ethanol (800mL), 65 ° C was stirred for I hour, the ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation, then repeated three times, TLC spot plate tracking reaction (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1). Completion of the reaction, cooled to room temperature, rotary evaporated to dryness, water was added 500mL, stirred for I h, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with methanol and ice, and then added to the reaction vessel, ethyl acetate was added 450mL, stirred at 65 ° C 30 minutes. cooled to room temperature, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with ethyl acetate and freeze paint, water paint, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give a white solid 117.5g, Axitinib (II), yield 95.4%, HPLC purity 98.8 % / H NMR (DMS0_d6): δ 2.78 (d, 3H, CH3), 7.05 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (dd, 1H), 7.36-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.50 (dd, 1H), 7.58 ( d, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz), 8.21 (d, 1H), 8.39 (q, 1H), 8.61 (d, 1H), 13.35 (s, 1H).
The reaction equation is as follows:
Example 2
A Assi intermediates for preparing Nigeria, comprising the steps of:
Synthesis of (1) 6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added ethyl acetate (2L), followed by addition of 6-nitro-indazole (163.14g, 1.0mol), 3, 4- dihydro -2H- pyran (210.3g, 2.5mol), toluene acid (20.7g, 0.12mol), heated to 78 ° C under reflux for 3 hours to complete the reaction, cooled to room temperature, rotary evaporated to dryness, added water and dichloromethane 2L 2L, stirred for I hour, stratification, the organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and rotary evaporated to dryness, and then dissolved in acetonitrile and 2L, stirring ice-salt bath chilled to _5 ° C for 2 hours, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with a small amount of cold acetonitrile, recrystallized from ethanol , 60 ° C and dried in vacuo 12 hours to give an off-white solid 223.3g, 6- nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, yield 90.3%, m.p. 110 ^ 11 TC;
The reaction equation is as follows:
(2) 3-iodo-6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (I),
5L reaction flask in DMF 700mL, followed by addition of 6-nitro-_1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (200.0g, 0.81mol, l.0eq) and sodium hydroxide (64.7g, 1.62mol, 2.0eq), ice-cooled (10 ° C or less), followed by stirring, iodine (369.6g, 1.46mol, 1.8eq) was dissolved in DMF 300mL, was added dropwise to the reaction system, addition time 2 hours, the reaction system was stirred at 25 ° C for 12 hours to complete the reaction, sodium thiosulfate was added (198.2g, 1.25mol, 1.55eq) and 1.50g of potassium carbonate aqueous solution (1.5L), while maintaining the temperature of 30 ° C or less, and stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, water was added with stirring 2L, solid precipitated, stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, suction filtered, the filter cake was washed with water, 60 ° C and dried in vacuo 12 hours to give a pale yellow solid
(1), 294.3g, 97.5% yield, m.p. 136 ~ 137. . .
[0014] The reaction equation is as follows:
A Axitinib intermediate (1) in the preparation for the Nepalese Asif applications, including the following synthetic steps:
Synthesis (1) (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2Η-) -1H- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added DMF (2L), followed by addition of the intermediate (1) (312.0g, 0.84mol), 2- vinylpyridine (127.5g, 1.21mol), N, N- diisopropylethylamine ( 205.3g, 1.59mol), tri-o-tolylphosphine (22.3g, 0.073mol) and palladium chloride (4.9g, 0.028mol), nitrogen, and heated to 100 ° C for 12 hours to complete the reaction, cooled to 45 ° C, isopropanol was added 1L, stirring at 45 ° C for 30 minutes, diluted with water and 5L, stirring at room temperature for I h, suction filtered, washed with water, isopropanol was added to the filter cake 1.2L, stirred at 55 ° C for 30 minutes, then stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with cold isopropanol, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin _2 _-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 275.3g, 94.0% yield, m.p. 175 ~ 176 ^, ¾ NMR (DMSO-Cl6): δ 1.63-1.64 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5’), 1.79-1.81 (m, 1H, H5 ‘), 2.05-2.07 (m, 2H, H3’, H4 ‘), 2.44-2.50 (m, 1H , H3 ‘), 3.86-3.90 (m, 2H, H6’), 6.15-6.18 (dd, 1H, H2 ‘), 7.30-7.33 (dd, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.65-7.69 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.72-7.74 (d, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.82-7.86 (m, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.96-8.00 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl HI), 8.07 -8.10 (dd, 1H, H4), 8.44-8.46 (d, 1H, H5), 8.63-8.64 (d, 1H, pyridine H6), 8.77-8.78 (d, 1H, H7);
The reaction equation is as follows:
Synthesis of (2) (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole
5L reaction flask in ethanol HOOmLdjC 1000mL and ammonium chloride (300.0g, 5.61mol), was dissolved with stirring, followed by addition of (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (255.0g, 0.73mol), was added iron powder (162.6g, 2.91mol), heated to 50 ° C the reaction was stirred for 2 hours to completion of the reaction, was cooled to 22 ° C, tetrahydrofuran 2L, stirred for I hour at room temperature, filtered through Celite, the filter cake washed with tetrahydrofuran and the filtrate was rotary evaporated to dryness, cooled to room temperature, water was added 2L, stirred for I hour at room temperature, pumping filtered, the filter cake washed with petroleum ether, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give a pale yellow solid 206.5g, (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole, yield 88.6%, m.p. 162 ~ 164 ° C / H NMR (CDCl3): δ 1.63-1.77 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5 ‘), 2.02-2.06 (m, 1H, H5’), 2.17-2.18 (m, 1H, H4 ‘), 2.55-2.60 (m, 1H, H3’) 3.70-3.72 (m, 2H, H3 ‘, H6 ‘), 3.91 (s, 2H, NH2), 4.04-4.07 (m, 1H, H6’), 5.57-5.60 (dd, 1H, H2 ‘), 6.64-6.66 (dd, 1H, H5), 6.74-6.75 (d, 1H, H7), 7.13-7.16 (dd, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.48-7.50 (d, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.49-7.53 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.64 -7.68 (m, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.78-7.82 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl Hl), 7.82-7.83 (d, 1H, H4), 8.60-8.61 (d, 1H, pyridine H6) ;
The reaction equation is as follows:
Synthesis of (3) (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added 600mL of water and sodium nitrite (70.2g, 1.02mol), stirred and dissolved, and cooled to (TC, (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl ] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (200.0g, 0.62mol) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid 1.3L, dropwise added to the system dropwise over I h, a solution process maintain an internal temperature of 0 ° C, the same temperature for I hour, dropping HCl solution (concentrated hydrochloric acid 112mL, water 200mL) at O ° C, the dropping time of 10 minutes, with the temperature for I h, TLC plate tracking point diazonium salt formation reaction (PE: EA = 1: 1). dropwise 800mL dichloromethane between 0 ° C, the dropping time of 5 minutes, potassium iodide (207.3g, l.25mol) and iodine (79.2g, 0.31mol) was dissolved water 600mL, in (TC dropwise added to the system at the same temperature for 2 hours to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into the system to 20% sodium thiosulfate solution (2L) and dichloromethane SOOmL and stirred, layered , the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane frozen (2x800mL), dichloromethane phases were combined burning, 3M sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise 3.5L, adjust the aqueous phase pH = 9 ~ 12, and water was added ammonia 200mL 400mL, stirred for 30 minutes , separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (2×1.2L), the organic phases were combined, rotary evaporated to dryness, and purified through silica gel to give (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl ) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 176.0g, 65.4% yield, m.p. 142 ~ 143 ° C, 1H NMR (DMS0_d6): δ 1.58- 1.61 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5,) 1.72-1.78 (m, 1H, H5,), 1.97-2.04 (m, 2H, H3,, H4,), 2.38-2.44 (m, 1H, H3,) , 3.79-3.81 (m, 1H, H6,), 3.88-3.90 (m, 1H, H6,), 5.91-5.94 (dd, 1H, H2,), 7.29-7.31 (m, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.56 -7.60 (d, 1H ,, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.57-7.59 (m, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.69-7.71 (d, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.80-7.84 (m, 1H, H4 ), 7.89-7.93 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl HI), 8.01-8.03 (d, 1H, H5), 8.25 (s, 1H, H7), 8.61-8.62 (d, 1H, pyridine H6) ;
The reaction equation is as follows:
(4) (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) _1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole 6-ylthio} benzamide]
A 5L reaction flask was added DMF (1750mL) and (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1H- indazole (175.0g, 0.41mol), nitrogen, was added [1, I, – bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium dichloromethane complex (14.9g, 0.018mmol ), cesium carbonate (198.3g, 0.61mol) and dichloromethane 20mL, was added 2-mercapto -N- methylbenzamide (84.9g, 0.5Imol), heated to 80 ° C for 16 hours to complete the reaction, spin distilled was removed DMF, cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate was added 3L, water 4L, stirred for 40 minutes, the organic phase was separated, washed with brine, layered, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and rotary evaporated to dryness, to give (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazol-6-yl] thio } benzamide, 165.6g, a yield of 86.7%, the melting point of 142 ~ 143 ° C;
The reaction equation is as follows:
(5) Synthesis of axitinib
In a 2L reaction flask was added (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) _1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H – indazol-6-yl] thio} benzamide (150.0g, 0.32mol), p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (303.2g, 1.59mol), methanol (800mL) and water (150mL), nitrogen, heated to 65 ° C for 4 hours, spin evaporated to dryness and ethanol (800mL), 65 ° C was stirred for I hour, the ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation, then repeated three times, TLC spot plate tracking reaction (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1). Completion of the reaction, cooled to room temperature, rotary evaporated to dryness, water was added 500mL, stirred for I h, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with methanol and ice, and then added to the reaction vessel, ethyl acetate was added 450mL, stirred at 65 ° C 30 minutes. cooled to room temperature, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with ethyl acetate and freeze paint, water paint, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give a white solid 117.5g, Axitinib (II), yield 95.4%, HPLC purity 98.8 % / H NMR (DMS0_d6): δ 2.78 (d, 3H, CH3), 7.05 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (dd, 1H), 7.36-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.50 (dd, 1H), 7.58 ( d, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz), 8.21 (d, 1H), 8.39 (q, 1H), 8.61 (d, 1H), 13.35 (s, 1H).
The reaction equation is as follows:
Example 3
A Assi intermediates for preparing Nigeria, comprising the steps of:
Synthesis of (1) 6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole
5L reaction flask in toluene (2L), followed by addition of 6-nitro-indazole (163.lg, 1.0mol), 3,4- dihydro -2H- pyran (193.5g, 2.3mol), methanesulfonic acid (14.4g, 0.15mol), heated to 85 ° C under reflux for 3.5 hours, to complete the reaction, cooled to room temperature, rotary evaporated to dryness, added water and dichloromethane 2L 2L, stirred for I hour, stratification, the organic phase was washed with brine wash, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and rotary evaporated to dryness, and then dissolved in acetonitrile and 2L, stirring ice-salt bath chilled to _5 ° C for 2 hours, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with a small amount of cold acetonitrile and paint, and recrystallized from ethanol , 60 ° C and dried in vacuo 12 hours to give an off-white solid, 6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 234.4g, 94.8% yield, m.p. 111 ~ 112.. ;
The reaction equation is as follows:
(2) 3-iodo-6-nitro-1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (I),
5L reaction flask in DMF 700mL, followed by addition of 6-nitro-_1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (225.0g, 0.91mol, 1.0eq) and potassium hydroxide ( 102.lg, 1.82mol, 2.0eq), ice-cooled below 10 ° C, with stirring, iodine (415.8g, 1.64mol, 1.8eq) was dissolved in DMF 300mL, was added dropwise to the reaction system dropwise over 2 hours, The reaction system was stirred at 30 ° C for 10 hours to complete the reaction, sodium thiosulfate was added (223.0g, 1.41mol, 1.55eq) and 1.50g of potassium carbonate aqueous solution (1.5L), while maintaining the internal temperature below 30 ° C , stirred for 45 minutes at room temperature, water was added with stirring 2L, solid precipitated, stirred for 45 minutes at room temperature, suction filtered, the filter cake was washed with water, 60 ° C and dried in vacuo 12 hours to give a pale yellow solid
(1), 317.2g, 93.4% yield, m.p. 135 ~ 136 ° C.
The reaction equation is as follows:
A Axitinib intermediate (1) in the preparation for the Nepalese Asif applications, including the following synthetic steps:
Synthesis (1) (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added DMF (2L), followed by addition of the intermediate (1) (312.0g, 0.84mol), 2- vinylpyridine (127.5g, 1.21mol), N, N- diisopropylethylamine ( 205.3g, 1.59mol), tri-o-tolylphosphine (22.3g, 0.073mol) and palladium chloride (4.9g, 0.028mol), nitrogen, and heated to 100 ° C for 12 hours to complete the reaction, cooled to 45 ° C, isopropanol was added 1L, stirring at 45 ° C for 30 minutes, diluted with water and 5L, stirring at room temperature for I h, suction filtered, washed with water, isopropanol was added to the filter cake 1.2L, stirred at 55 ° C for 30 minutes, then stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with cold isopropanol, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin _2 _-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 275.3g, 94.0% yield, m.p. 175 ~ 176 ^, ¾ NMR (DMSO-Cl6): δ 1.63-1.64 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5’), 1.79-1.81 (m, 1H, H5 ‘), 2.05-2.07 (m, 2H, H3’, H4 ‘), 2.44-2.50 (m, 1H , H3 ‘), 3.86-3.90 (m, 2H, H6’), 6.15-6.18 (dd, 1H, H2 ‘), 7.30-7.33 (dd, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.65-7.69 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.72-7.74 (d, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.82-7.86 (m, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.96-8.00 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl HI), 8.07 -8.10 (dd, 1H, H4), 8.44-8.46 (d, 1H, H5), 8.63-8.64 (d, 1H, pyridine H6), 8.77-8.78 (d, 1H, H7);
The reaction equation is as follows:
Synthesis of (2) (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole
5L reaction flask in ethanol HOOmLdjC 1000mL and ammonium chloride (300.0g, 5.61mol), was dissolved with stirring, followed by addition of (E) -6- nitro-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (255.0g, 0.73mol), was added iron powder (162.6g, 2.91mol), heated to 50 ° C the reaction was stirred for 2 hours to completion of the reaction, was cooled to 22 ° C, tetrahydrofuran 2L, stirred for I hour at room temperature, filtered through Celite, the filter cake washed with tetrahydrofuran and the filtrate was rotary evaporated to dryness, cooled to room temperature, water was added 2L, stirred for I hour at room temperature, pumping filtered, the filter cake washed with petroleum ether, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give a pale yellow solid 206.5g, (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole, yield 88.6%, m.p. 162 ~ 164 ° C / H NMR (CDCl3): δ 1.63-1.77 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5 ‘), 2.02-2.06 (m, 1H, H5’), 2.17-2.18 (m, 1H, H4 ‘), 2.55-2.60 (m, 1H, H3’) 3.70-3.72 (m, 2H, H3 ‘, H6 ‘), 3.91 (s, 2H, NH2), 4.04-4.07 (m, 1H, H6’), 5.57-5.60 (dd, 1H, H2 ‘), 6.64-6.66 (dd, 1H, H5), 6.74-6.75 (d, 1H, H7), 7.13-7.16 (dd, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.48-7.50 (d, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.49-7.53 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.64 -7.68 (m, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.78-7.82 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl Hl), 7.82-7.83 (d, 1H, H4), 8.60-8.61 (d, 1H, pyridine H6) ;
The reaction equation is as follows:
Synthesis of (3) (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1Η- indazole
A 5L reaction flask was added 600mL of water and sodium nitrite (70.2g, 1.02mol), stirred and dissolved, and cooled to (TC, (E) -6- amino-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl ] -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole (200.0g,
0.62mol) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid 1.3L, dropwise added to the system dropwise over I hour, added dropwise to maintain the internal temperature process 0 ° C, the same temperature for I h, HCl solution was added dropwise at O ° C (112mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid , water 200mL), was added dropwise for 10 minutes, with the temperature for I h, TLC plate tracking point diazonium salt formation reaction (PE: EA = 1: 1). Solution of methylene chloride at 0 ° C and 800mL, dropping time of 5 minutes, potassium iodide (207.3g, l.25mol) and iodine (79.2g, 0.31mol) dissolved in water 600mL, at (TC dropwise added to the system, same temperature for 2 hours to complete the reaction. The reaction system was poured into a mixture of 20% sodium thiosulfate solution (2L) and dichloromethane SOOmL and stirred, layers were separated, the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane frozen (2x800mL ), methylene chloride phases were combined burning, 3M sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise 3.5L, adjust the aqueous phase pH = 9 ~ 12, and water was added ammonia 200mL 400mL, stirred for 30 minutes, separated and the aqueous phase extracted with dichloromethane ( 2×1.2L), the organic phases were combined, rotary evaporated to dryness, and purified through silica gel to give (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro -2H – pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole, 176.0g, 65.4% yield, m.p. 142 ~ 143 ° C, 1H NMR (DMS0_d6): δ 1.58-1.61 (m, 2H, H4 ‘, H5,) 1.72-1.78 (m, 1H, H5,), 1.97-2.04 (m, 2H, H3,, H4,), 2.38-2.44 (m, 1H, H3,), 3.79-3.81 (m, 1H, H6,) , 3.88-3.90 (m, 1H, H6,), 5.91-5.94 (dd, 1H, H2,),
7.29-7.31 (m, 1H, pyridine H5), 7.56-7.60 (d, 1H ,, J = 16Hz, vinyl H2), 7.57-7.59 (m, 1H, pyridine H4), 7.69-7.71 (d, 1H, pyridine H3), 7.80-7.84 (m, 1H, H4), 7.89-7.93 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz, vinyl HI), 8.01-8.03 (d, 1H, H5), 8.25 (s, 1H, H7 ), 8.61-8.62 (d, 1H, pyridine H6); reaction equation is as follows:
(4) (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) _1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazole 6-ylthio} benzamide]
A 5L reaction flask was added DMF (1750mL) and (E) -6- iodo-3- [2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl] -1- (tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl -2H-) -1H- indazole (175.0g, 0.41mol), nitrogen, was added [1, I, – bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium dichloromethane complex (14.9g, 0.018mmol ), cesium carbonate (198.3g, 0.61mol) and dichloromethane 20mL, was added 2-mercapto -N- methylbenzamide (84.9g, 0.5Imol), heated to 80 ° C for 16 hours to complete the reaction, spin distilled was removed DMF, cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate was added 3L, water 4L, stirred for 40 minutes, the organic phase was separated, washed with brine, layered, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and rotary evaporated to dryness, to give (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) -1- (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H- indazol-6-yl] thio } benzamide, 165.6g, a yield of 86.7%, the melting point of 142 ~ 143 ° C;
The reaction equation is as follows:
(5) Synthesis of axitinib
In a 2L reaction flask was added (E) -N- methyl-2 – {[3- (2- (pyridin-2-yl) ethenyl) _1_ (tetrahydro -2H- pyran-2-yl) -1H – indazol-6-yl] thio} benzamide (150.0g, 0.32mol), p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (303.2g, 1.59mol), methanol (800mL) and water (150mL), nitrogen, heated to 65 ° C for 4 hours, spin evaporated to dryness and ethanol (800mL), 65 ° C was stirred for I hour, the ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation, then repeated three times, TLC spot plate tracking reaction (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1). Completion of the reaction, cooled to room temperature, rotary evaporated to dryness, water was added 500mL, stirred for I h, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with methanol and ice, and then added to the reaction vessel, ethyl acetate was added 450mL, stirred at 65 ° C 30 minutes. cooled to room temperature, suction filtered, the filter cake washed with ethyl acetate and freeze paint, water paint, 50 ° C and dried under vacuum for 12 hours to give a white solid 117.5g, Axitinib (II),
yield 95.4%, HPLC purity 98.8 % / H NMR (DMS0_d6): δ 2.78 (d, 3H, CH3), 7.05 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (dd, 1H), 7.36-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.50 (dd, 1H), 7.58 ( d, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H, J = 16Hz), 8.21 (d, 1H), 8.39 (q, 1H), 8.61 (d, 1H), 13.35 (s, 1H).
The reaction equation is as follows:
…………………….
………………………
SEE NMR……….
………..
NMR source apexbt
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/suppl/2014/03/07/dmd.113.056531.DC1/Supplemental__Data_Figures_56531.pdf
MASS
References
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- [1] http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/axitinib[2] http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/InformationOnDrugs/ApprovedDrugs/ucm289439.htm[3] Kosugi M, Shimizu T, T. Migita, Chemistry Letters , 1978 , pp 13-14.[4] Organic Process Research & Development 2008 , 12, 869? 876.[5] Furstner A. Chem. Commun ., 2008 , 2873? 2875.[6] Thorarensen A. , Synlett , 2010 , 2 pp 219 – 222.
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heck_reaction – where you can find the reaction mechanism and many other useful information.
[8] Aoyama, T., Synthesis , 2004 , 8 pp 1183-1186.
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