Cebranopadol hemicitrate, セブラノパドール

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May 022016

Cebranopadol hemicitrate, GRT-6005

Grünenthal GmbH innovator

SYNTHESIS COMING WATCH OUT………. Glitter Glitter Glitter Glitter

A mu-opioid agonist for treatment of neuropathic pain and pain due to osteoarthritis.

CAS No.863513-92-2(Cebranopadol Hemicitrate)

CAS 863513-91-1(FREE FORM)

Spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3’H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine, 6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-, trans

MF C₂₄ H₂₇ F N₂ O, MW, 378.48

Spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3′H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine, 6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-, (1α,4β)-

Cebranopadol (GRT-6005) is a novel opioid analgesic of the benzenoid class which is currently under development internationally by Grünenthal, a German pharmaceutical company, and its partner Depomed, a pharmaceutical company in the United States, for the treatment of a variety of different acute and chronic pain states.^[1]^[2]^[3] As of November 2014, it is in phase III clinical trials. Cebranopadol is unique in its mechanism of action as an opioid, binding to and activating all four of the opioid receptors; it acts as afull agonist of the nociceptin receptor (K_i = 0.9 nM; EC₅₀ = 13.0; IA = 89%), μ-opioid receptor (K_i = 0.7 nM; EC₅₀ = 1.2; IA = 104%), and δ-opioid receptor (K_i = 18 nM; EC₅₀ = 110; IA = 105%), and as a partial agonist of the κ-opioid receptor (K_i = 2.6 nM; EC₅₀ = 17; IA = 67%).^[1] The ED50 values of 0.5-5.6 µg/kg when introduced IV & 25.1 µg/kg after oral administration.^[4]

Cebranopadol shows highly potent and effective antinociceptive and antihypertensive effects in a variety of different animal modelsof pain.^[1] Notably, it has also been found to be more potent in models of chronic neuropathic pain than acute nociceptive paincompared to selective μ-opioid receptor agonists.^[1] Relative to morphine, tolerance to the analgesic effects of cebranopadol has been found to be delayed (26 days versus 11 days for complete tolerance).^[1] In addition, unlike morphine, cebranopadol has not been found to affect motor coordination or reduce respiration in animals at doses in or over the dosage range for analgesia.^[1] As such, it may have improved and prolonged efficaciousness and greater tolerability in comparison to currently available opioid analgesics.^[1]

As an agonist of the κ-opioid receptor, cebranopadol may have the capacity to produce psychotomimetic effects and other adverse reactions at sufficiently high doses, a property which could potentially limit its practical clinical dosage range.^[5]

Cebranopadol (trans-6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3′H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine) is a novel analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptor agonist [K_i (nM)/EC₅₀(nM)/relative efficacy (%): human NOP receptor 0.9/13.0/89; human mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor 0.7/1.2/104; human kappa-opioid peptide receptor 2.6/17/67; human delta-opioid peptide receptor 18/110/105]. Cebranopadol exhibits highly potent and efficacious antinociceptive and antihypersensitive effects in several rat models of acute and chronic pain (tail-flick, rheumatoid arthritis, bone cancer, spinal nerve ligation, diabetic neuropathy) with ED₅₀ values of 0.5−5.6 µg/kg after intravenous and 25.1 µg/kg after oral administration. In comparison with selective MOP receptor agonists, cebranopadol was more potent in models of chronic neuropathic than acute nociceptive pain. Cebranopadol’s duration of action is long (up to 7 hours after intravenous 12 µg/kg; >9 hours after oral 55 µg/kg in the rat tail-flick test). The antihypersensitive activity of cebranopadol in the spinal nerve ligation model was partially reversed by pretreatment with the selective NOP receptor antagonist J-113397[1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one] or the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, indicating that both NOP and opioid receptor agonism are involved in this activity. Development of analgesic tolerance in the chronic constriction injury model was clearly delayed compared with that from an equianalgesic dose of morphine (complete tolerance on day 26 versus day 11, respectively). Unlike morphine, cebranopadol did not disrupt motor coordination and respiration at doses within and exceeding the analgesic dose range. Cebranopadol, by its combination of agonism at NOP and opioid receptors, affords highly potent and efficacious analgesia in various pain models with a favorable side effect profile.

Almost 20 years ago, a new member of the opioid receptor family and its endogenous agonist were described (Meunier et al., 1995; Reinscheid et al., 1995). Because of its partial homology to the opioid receptors [mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor, delta-opioid peptide (DOP) receptor, kappa-opioid peptide (KOP) receptor] and its insensitivity to the prototypical opioid agonist and antagonist ligands morphine and naloxone, this receptor was initially termed opioid receptor-like receptor, ORL1. Subsequently, it was renamed the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor after its endogenous ligand nociceptin, and it is now considered to be a non-opioid member of the opioid receptor family (Cox et al., 2009). At a cellular level, the actions of the NOP receptor are broadly similar to those of the opioid receptors (Chiou et al., 2007; Lambert, 2008). Although NOP receptors are clearly expressed at all levels of the pain pathways, it is thought that NOP and MOP receptors are not colocalized in the same neurons and may, thus, have independent actions in at least partly distinct neuronal networks (Monteillet-Agius et al., 1998).

The role of the NOP receptor in pain and analgesia has remained unclear for some time owing to inconsistent findings in early reports using nociceptin to activate the receptor. Being a peptide, nociceptin was administered locally into the central nervous system (CNS) where it produced both pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects when administered supraspinally (Meunier et al., 1995; Calo and Guerrini, 2013). Remarkably, when administered into the spinal cord of rodents and nonhuman primates, nociceptin consistently produced antinociceptive effects (Ko et al., 2009; Sukhtankar and Ko, 2013). Subsequent studies of systemic administration of nonpeptide NOP receptor agonists revealed that such compounds were effective analgesics in animal pain models. Although evidence for antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects in rodents is limited and inconsistent (Jenck et al., 2000; Reiss et al., 2008), Ko et al. (2009) demonstrated impressive antinociceptive and antiallodynic potency and efficacy using the NOP receptor agonist Ro64-6198 in Rhesus monkeys. Potency and efficacy were comparable with those of alfentanil but with a complete absence of alfentanil-associated side effects such as itching/scratching and respiratory depression and no evidence of reinforcing effects (Ko et al., 2009; Podlesnik et al., 2011).

Currently, strong MOP receptor agonists are the most effective drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. However, although these drugs provide potent analgesia, they also carry the risk of severe side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and constipation, and their use may lead to physical dependence and tolerance (Zöllner and Stein, 2007). In addition, opioids are considered to have limited efficacy in treating chronic nociceptive and neuopathic pain owing to a reduction in the already low therapeutic index (Rosenblum et al., 2008; Labianca et al., 2012). For these reasons, there is an unmet medical need for potent and well-tolerated analgesics for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain.

As NOP and opioid receptor agonists modulate pain and nociception via distinct yet related targets, combining both mechanisms may constitute an interesting and novel approach for the development of innovative analgesics. Notably, a supra-additive interaction between intrathecal morphine and intrathecal nociceptin has been described in rodents (Courteix et al., 2004), as well as an enhancement of the antinociceptive effect of systemic morphine by systemic administration of Ro64-6198 (Reiss et al., 2008). Furthermore, a synergistic effect of concurrent NOP and MOP receptor activation without significant side effects has been demonstrated in nonhuman primates after systemic administration (Cremeans et al., 2012). At the same time, activation of NOP receptors has been proposed to counteract supraspinal opioid activity; in animal studies, NOP receptor agonists do not generate typical opioid-like side effects and may even ameliorate opioid-related side effects when administered concurrently with an opioid agonist (Ko et al., 2009; Rutten et al., 2010; Toll, 2013). Thus, a combination of NOP and opioid receptor activation may be particularly suited to provide potent analgesia with reduced opioid-like side effects.

To explore the potential benefits of NOP and opioid receptor coactivation, novel compounds acting as agonists on both NOP and opioid receptors have been designed (Molinari et al., 2013; Zaveri et al., 2013). This article describes the preclinical pharmacology of cebranopadol, a potent NOP and opioid receptor agonist derived from a novel chemical series of spiro[cyclohexane-dihydropyrano[3,4-b]indol]-amines (S. Schunk, K. Linz, C. Hinze, S. Frormann, S. Oberbörsch, B. Sundermann, S. Zemolka, W. Englberger, T. Germann, T. Christoph, B.Y. Kögel, W. Schröder, S. Harlfinger, D. Saunders, A. Kless, H. Schick, and H. Sonnenschein, submitted manuscript) that was developed by Grünenthal (Aachen, Germany) and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of severe chronic pain……..http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/349/3/535.full

WO 2013170968

WO 2013170966

WO 2013170971

WO 2013170972

WO 2013170970

WO 2013170969

WO 2013170967

WO 2004043967

US 20130150590

PAPER

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2014), 5(8), 857-862.

Discovery of a Potent Analgesic NOP and Opioid Receptor Agonist: Cebranopadol

^†Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ^‡Preclinical Drug Safety, ^§Molecular Pharmacology, ^∥Pain Pharmacology,^⊥Pharmacokinetics, and ^#Discovery Informatics, Global Drug Discovery, Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, D-52099 Aachen, Germany

^○ ASCA GmbH Angewandte Synthesechemie Adlershof, Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany

ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 2014, 5 (8), pp 857–862

DOI: 10.1021/ml500117c

Publication Date (Web): June 24, 2014

*(S.S.) E-mail: stefan.schunk@grunenthal.com.

Abstract

In a previous communication, our efforts leading from 1 to the identification of spiro[cyclohexane-dihydropyrano[3,4-b]indole]-amine 2a as analgesic NOP and opioid receptor agonist were disclosed and their favorable in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties revealed. We herein report our efforts to further optimize lead 2a, toward trans-6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3′H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine (cebranopadol, 3a), which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of severe chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ml500117c?source=chemport&journalCode=amclct

MP 258-282 DEG CENT

October the family Grünenthal GmbH celebrated its longtime employee in Aachen-Eilendorf. Proud 680 years of service …

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/US7547707

Example 24 1,1-(3-Dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole hemicitrate, More Non-polar diastereoisomer

4-Dimethylamino-4-phenylcyclohexanone (651 mg, 3 mmoles) and 2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol (“5-fluorotryptophol”, 537 mg, 3 mmoles) were initially introduced into abs. MC (20 ml) under argon. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester (0.6 ml, 3.1 mmoles) was then added very rapidly. The mixture was stirred at RT for 20 h. For working up, 1 M NaOH (30 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase which remained was extracted with MC (3×60 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with water (2×30 ml) and dried over sodium sulfate. Methanol (30 ml) was added to the solid residue obtained after the solvent had been distilled off, and the mixture was heated, and stirred for 15 hours. The solid contained in the suspension was filtered off with suction and dried. 955 mg of the more non-polar diastereoisomer of 1,1-(3-dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole were obtained (m.p. 284-292° C.). 850 mg of this were dissolved in hot ethanol (900 ml), and a similarly hot solution of citric acid (1 g, 5.2 mmoles) in ethanol (20 ml) was added. After approx. 15 minutes, crystals precipitated out at the boiling point. After cooling to approx. 5° C., the mixture was left to stand for 2 h. The solid formed was filtered off with suction. 640 mg of the hemicitrate were obtained as a white solid (m.p. 258-282° C.).

Example 25 1,1-(3-Dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole hemicitrate, More Polar diastereoisomer

4-Dimethylamino-4-phenylcyclohexanone (217 mg, 1 mmole) and 2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol (“5-fluorotryptophol”, 179 mg, 1 mmole) were dissolved in conc. acetic acid (4 ml). Phosphoric acid (1 ml, 85 wt. %) was slowly added dropwise to this mixture. The mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. For working up, the mixture was diluted with water (20 ml), brought to pH 11 with 5 M NaOH and extracted with MC (3×20 ml). The combined organic phases were dried with sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue (364 mg of white solid) was suspended in hot ethanol (20 ml), and a similarly hot solution of citric acid (185 mg, 0.96 mmole) in ethanol (5 ml) was added. The residue thereby dissolved completely and no longer precipitated out even on cooling to approx. 5° C. Ethanol was removed on a rotary evaporator and the hemicitrate of the more polar diastereoisomer of 1,1-(3-dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole was obtained in this way in a yield of 548 mg as a white solid (m.p. 148-155° C.).

24	hemicitrate	more non-polar diastereomer

25	hemicitrate	more polar diastereomer

PATENT

WO 2013113690

(1 r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N- dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3’H-spiro[cyclohexane-1 ,1 ‘-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine (free base), has the following structural formula (I):

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013113690A1?cl=en

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2008040481A1?cl=en

see A4

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/US20130231381

One particular drug that is of great interest for use in treating cancer pain (and other acute, visceral, neuropathic and chronic pain pain disorders) is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4b]indol]-4-amine. This drug is depicted below as the compound of formula (I).

The solid forms of (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4b]indol]-4-amine that are known so far are not satisfactory in every respect and there is a demand for advantageous solid forms

A) Synthesis of Crystalline Form A100 mg (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine [crystalline form D according to D)] was suspended in 0.5 mL TBME. The suspension was stirred at RT for six days. The resulting solid was filtered out and dried in air. A crystalline solid of crystalline form A was obtained and characterized by FT Raman, TG-FTIR and PXRD.

……………………

Discovery of a Potent Analgesic NOP and Opioid Receptor Agonist: Cebranopadol

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ml500117c

ACS Med. Chem. Lett., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/ml500117c

synthesis…………http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ml500117c/suppl_file/ml500117c_si_001.pdf

6′-Fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3’H)-pyrano[3,4-
b]indol]-4-amine, trans-, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (2:1)

hemicitrate were obtained as a white solid (mp 258-282 °C).1H-NMR (300 MHz; DMSO-d6): 1.75-1.87 (m, 4 H); 2.14 (s, 6 H); 2.27 (t, 2 H); 2.61-
2.76 (m,6 H); 3.88 (t, 2 H); 6.86 (dt, 1 H); 7.10 (dd, 1 H); 7.30-7.43 (m, 6 H); 10.91 (br
s, 1 H).

13C-NMR (75.47 MHz; DMSO-d6): 22.1; 27.6; 30.2 (2 C); 38.0 (2 C); 43.1; 58.8 (2 C,
overlap); 71.5; 72.2; 102.3 (2JC,F = 23 Hz); 105.6 (3JC,F = 4 Hz); 108.3 (2JC,F = 26 Hz);

112.0 (3JC,F = 10 Hz); 126.5; 126.6; 126.7 (2 C); 127.4 (2 C); 132.4; 138.7; 141.5;
156,7 (1JC,F = 231 Hz); 171.3 (2 C), 175.3.HPLC-MS: m/z 378.9 [M + H]+

PATENTS

US20120034297 *	Aug 4, 2011	Feb 9, 2012	Gruenenthal Gmbh	Pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising 6′-fluoro-(N-methyl- or N,N-dimethyl-)-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3’H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine
US20130012563 *	Jul 6, 2012	Jan 10, 2013	Gruenenthal Gmbh	Crystalline (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-n,n-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3’h-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine

WO2004043967A1	Nov 5, 2003	May 27, 2004	Otto Aulenbacher	Spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives
WO2008040481A1	Sep 26, 2007	Apr 10, 2008	Gruenenthal Gmbh	MIXED ORL 1/μ AGONISTS FOR TREATING PAIN

References

Linz K, Christoph T, Tzschentke TM; et al. (June 2014). “Cebranopadol: a novel potent analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide and opioid receptor agonist”. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 349 (3): 535–48. doi:10.1124/jpet.114.213694.PMID 24713140.
Schunk S, Linz K, Hinze C; et al. (August 2014). “Discovery of a Potent Analgesic NOP and Opioid Receptor Agonist: Cebranopadol”. ACS Med Chem Lett 5 (8): 857–62.doi:10.1021/ml500117c. PMID 25147603.
Lambert DG, Bird MF, Rowbotham DJ (September 2014). “Cebranopadol: a first in-class example of a nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor and opioid receptor agonist”. Br J Anaesth114: 364–6. doi:10.1093/bja/aeu332. PMID 25248647.
Cebranopadol: a novel potent analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide and opioid receptor agonist. Journal of Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2014 Jun;349(3):535-48. doi: 10.1124/jpet.114.213694
Pfeiffer A, Brantl V, Herz A, Emrich HM (August 1986). “Psychotomimesis mediated by kappa opiate receptors”. Science 233 (4765): 774–6. doi:10.1126/science.3016896.PMID 3016896.
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs (2015), 24(6), 837-844
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2014), 349(3), 535-548,
External links
- About Cebranopadol – Oceanic Program
- Cebranopadol Search Results – ClinicalTrials.gov

Cebranopadol
Systematic (IUPAC) name

(1r,4r)-6’-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4’,9’-dihydro-3’H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1’-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life	~4.5 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number	863513-91-1
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 11848225
ChemSpider	29398942
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₄H₂₇FN₂O
Molar mass	378.482 g/mol

////Cebranopadol hemicitrate, GRT-6005, Cebranopadol, セブラノパドール

CN([C@]1(CC[C@]2(OCCc3c2[nH]c4c3cc(cc4)F)CC1)c5ccccc5)C

SQ 109, Pyrrole Hybrid Derivatives, Potent Antitubercular Agents Effective against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacteria

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May 012016

Abstract Image

Novel pyrroles have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated against mycobacterial strains. The pyrroles have originally been designed as hybrids of the antitubercular drugs BM212 (1) and SQ109 (2), which showed common chemical features with very similar topological distribution. A perfect superposition of the structures of 1 and 2 revealed by computational studies suggested the introduction of bulky substituents at the terminal portion of the pyrrole C3 side chain and the removal of the C5 aryl moiety. Five compounds showed high activity towardMycobacterium tuberculosis, while 9b and 9c were highly active also against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Compound 9c showed low eukaryotic cell toxicity, turning out to be an excellent lead candidate for preclinical trials. In addition, four compounds showed potent inhibition (comparable to that of verapamil) toward the whole-cell drug efflux pump activity of mycobacteria, thus turning out to be promising multidrug-resistance-reversing agents.

Design and Synthesis of 1-((1,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl)-4-methylpiperazine (BM212) and N-Adamantan-2-yl-N′-((E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (SQ109) Pyrrole Hybrid Derivatives: Discovery of Potent Antitubercular Agents Effective against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacteria

Sanjib Bhakta^†, Nicolò Scalacci^‡^⊥, Arundhati Maitra^†, Alistair K. Brown^#^‡, Saiprasad Dasugari^‡, Dimitrios Evangelopoulos^§, Timothy D. McHugh^§, Parisa N. Mortazavi^†, Alexander Twist^‡, Elena Petricci^∥, Fabrizio Manetti^*^∥, and Daniele Castagnolo^*^⊥^‡

^† Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K.

^‡ Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Ellison Place, NE1 8ST, Newcastle upon Tyne,U.K.

^§ Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF U.K.

^∥ Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy

^⊥ Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.

^# School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Queen’s Campus, Stockton-on-Tees, TS17 6BH, U.K.

J. Med. Chem., 2016, 59 (6), pp 2780–2793

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00031

Publication Date (Web): February 23, 2016

*FB: e-mail, fabrizio.manetti@unisi.it; tel, +390577234256., *D.C.: e-mail, daniele.castagnolo@kcl.ac.uk; tel, +44(0)2078484506.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00031

SQ109 is a drug undergoing development for treatment of tuberculosis.^[1]^[2]

Background

On October 16, 2007, it was given the status of Orphan drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB bacteria.^[3]

SQ109 completed three phase I studies in the U.S. and one Phase II efficacy studies in tuberculosis patients in Africa. SQ109 showed activity against both drug susceptible and Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria, including Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis strains. In preclinical studies SQ109 enhanced the activity of anti-tubercular drugs isoniazid and rifampin and reduced by >30% the time required to cure mice of experimental TB.

SQ109 is being developed by OOO Infectex in Russia and by Sequella Inc internationally. In July 2012, Infectex received notification from the Russian Ministry of Health for approval to begin the pivotal clinical trial associated with a drug registration submission, and can proceed with the clinical development of SQ109 for treatment of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation.^[4]

References

Jia, L.; Tomaszewski, J. E.; Hanrahan, C.; Coward, L.; Noker, P.; Gorman, G.; Nikonenko, B.; Protopopova, M. (2009). “Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of SQ109, a new diamine-based antitubercular drug”. British Journal of Pharmacology 144 (1): 80–87. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705984. PMC 1575972. PMID 15644871.
Meng, Q.; Luo, H.; Liu, Y.; Li, W.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. (2009). “Synthesis and evaluation of carbamate prodrugs of SQ109 as antituberculosis agents”. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 19 (10): 2808–10. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.091. PMID 19362471.
“New FDA Orphan Drugs: AVI-4658, SQ109, ATIR”. Medscape Medical News. 11 November 2007.

“PRESS RELEASE Maxwell Biotech Venture Fund`s Portfolio Company, Infectex, Receives Russian Regulator`s Approval to Conduct Pivotal Clinical Trial for Sequella’s Antibiotic, SQ109, for Tuberculosis”. Reuters. 26 July 2012.

SQ109
Names

IUPAC name N-Adamantan-2-yl-N’-((E)-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-ethane-1,2-diamine
Identifiers
IUPHAR/BPS	7997
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	5274428
SMILES [show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C₂₂H₃₈N₂
Molar mass	330.56 g·mol⁻¹

SQ109; SQ-109; SQ 109; UNII-9AU7XUV31A; CHEMBL561057; N’-(2-adamantyl)-N-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]ethane-1,2-diamine; More…
Molecular Formula:	C₂₂H₃₈N₂
Molecular Weight:	330.55052 g/mol

SQ109 is an orally active, small molecule antibiotic for treatment of pulmonary TB. Currently in Phase I clinical trials, SQ109 could replace one or more drugs in the current first-line TB drug regimen, simplify therapy, and shorten the TB treatment regimen.

Patent ID	Date	Patent Title
US2014045791	2014-02-13	COMBINATION THERAPY TO TREAT MYCOBACTERIUM DISEASES
US8202910	2012-06-19	Compositions and methods for treatment of infectious disease
US2011118307	2011-05-19	Compositions and methods for the treatment of infectious diseases
US7842729	2010-11-30	Anti tubercular drug: compositions and methods
US2009281054	2009-11-12	COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS COMPRISING CAPURAMYCIN ANALOGUES
US7456222	2008-11-25	Anti tubercular drug: compositions and methods
US6951961	2005-10-04	Methods of use and compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease
US2004033986	2004-02-19	Anti tubercular drug: compositions and methods
US2004019117	2004-01-29	Anti tubercular drug: compostions and methods

///////SQ109, bm 212

ImmunoPET Imaging of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor in a Subcutaneous Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

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Apr 302016

The role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in cancer tumorigenesis was established decades ago, yet there are limited studies evaluating the imaging and therapeutic properties of anti-IGF-1R antibodies. Noninvasive imaging of IGF-1R may allow for optimized patient stratification and monitoring of therapeutic response in patients. Herein, this study reports the development of a Zirconium-89 (⁸⁹Zr)-labeled anti-IGF-1R antibody (⁸⁹Zr-Df-1A2G11) for PET imaging of pancreatic cancer. Successful chelation and radiolabeling of the antibody resulted in a highly stable construct that could be used for imaging IGF-1R expressing tumors in vivo. Western blot and flow cytometry studies showed that MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines expressed high, moderate, and low levels of IGF-1R, respectively. These three pancreatic cancer cell lines were subcutaneously implanted into mice. By employing the PET imaging technique, the tumor accumulation of ⁸⁹Zr-Df-1A2G11 was found to be dependent on the level of IGF-1R expression. Tumor accumulation of ⁸⁹Zr-Df-1A2G11 was 8.24 ± 0.51, 5.80 ± 0.54, and 4.30 ± 0.42 percentage of the injected dose (%ID/g) in MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and AsPC-1-derived tumor models at 120 h postinjection, respectively (n = 4). Biodistribution studies and ex vivo immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings. In addition, ⁸⁹Zr-labeled nonspecific human IgG (⁸⁹Zr-Df-IgG) displayed minimal uptake in IGF-1R positive MIA PaCa-2 tumor xenografts (3.63 ± 0.95%ID/g at 120 h postinjection; n = 4), demonstrating that ⁸⁹Zr-Df-1A2G11 accumulation was highly specific. This study provides initial evidence that our ⁸⁹Zr-labeled IGF-1R-targeted antibody may be employed for imaging a wide range of malignancies. Antibodies may be tracked in vivo for several days to weeks with ⁸⁹Zr, which may enhance image contrast due to decreased background signal. In addition, the principles outlined in this study can be employed for identifying patients that may benefit from anti-IGF-1R therapy.

ImmunoPET Imaging of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor in a Subcutaneous Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

^†Department of Medical Physics, ^‡Department of Radiology, and ^⊥Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States

^§ Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea

^∥ NeoClone Biotechnologies International, Madison, Wisconsin 53713, United States

Mol. Pharmaceutics, Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00132

Publication Date (Web): April 07, 2016

*Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705-2275. E-mail: wcai@uwhealth.org. Phone: 608-262-1749. Fax: 608-265-0614.

ACS Editors’ Choice – This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00132

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Keywords:

Positron emission tomography (PET), Zirconium-89 (⁸⁹Zr), Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), Molecular imaging,

VX-? , an Azaindolyl-Pyrimidine Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Replication from Vertex

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Apr 302016

VX-?

An Azaindolyl-Pyrimidine Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Replication from Vertex

SYNTHESIS COMING……..

CAS 1259498-06-0

MF C₂₃ H₂₇ F₂ N₇ O, MW, 455.50

1-Piperidinecarboxamide, N-[(1R,3S)-3-[[5-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]cyclohexyl]-

N-[(1R,3S)-3-[[5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide

N-[(1R,3S)-3-[[5-Fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide , (1R,3S)-cis-diaminocyclohexane.

Specific Rotation

[α]²¹_D = −165.7° (c = 1 in MeOH).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ 12.23 (s, 1H), 8.42 (dd, J = 9.8, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 8.34–8.18 (m, 2H), 8.14 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.24–4.00 (m, 1H), 3.75–3.57 (m, 1H), 3.57–3.42 (m, 4H), 3.28–3.09 (m, 4H), 2.15 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 1.83 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 2H), 1.60–1.07 (m, 4H).¹⁹F NMR (282.4 MHz, d₆-DMSO) −138.10, −158.25 ppm.

HRMS (ESI) [M + H]⁺ calculated for C₂₂H₂₆F₂N₇O₂ 458.2111, found 458.2110.

Influenza spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands annually – millions in pandemic years. For example, three influenza pandemics occurred in the 20th century and killed tens of millions of people, with each of these pandemics being caused by the appearance of a new strain of the virus in humans. Often, these new strains result from the spread of an existing influenza virus to humans from other animal species.

Influenza is primarily transmitted from person to person via large virus-laden droplets that are generated when infected persons cough or sneeze; these large droplets can then settle on the mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tracts of susceptible individuals who are near (e.g. within about 6 feet) infected persons. Transmission might also occur through direct contact or indirect contact with respiratory secretions, such as touching surfaces contaminated with influenza virus and then touching the eyes, nose or mouth. Adults might be able to spread influenza to others from 1 day before getting symptoms to approximately 5 days after symptoms start. Young children and persons with weakened immune systems might be infectious for 10 or more days after onset of symptoms. [00103] Influenza viruses are RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, which comprises five genera: Influenza virus A, Influenza virus B, Influenza virus C, Isavirus and Thogoto virus.

The Influenza virus A genus has one species, influenza A virus. Wild aquatic birds are the natural hosts for a large variety of influenza A. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted to other species and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics. The type A viruses are the most virulent human pathogens among the three influenza types and cause the most severe disease. The influenza A virus can be subdivided into different serotypes based on the antibody response to these viruses. The serotypes that have been confirmed in humans, ordered by the number of known human pandemic deaths, are: HlNl (which caused Spanish influenza in 1918), H2N2 (which caused Asian Influenza in 1957), H3N2 (which caused Hong Kong Flu in 1968), H5N1 (a pandemic threat in the 2007-08 influenza season), H7N7 (which has unusual zoonotic potential), H1N2 (endemic in humans and pigs), H9N2, H7N2 , H7N3 and H10N7. [00105] The Influenza virus B genus has one species, influenza B virus. Influenza B almost exclusively infects humans and is less common than influenza A. The only other animal known to be susceptible to influenza B infection is the seal. This type of influenza mutates at a rate 2-3 times slower than type A and consequently is less genetically diverse, with only one influenza B serotype. As a result of this lack of antigenic diversity, a degree of immunity to influenza B is usually acquired at an early age. However, influenza B mutates enough that lasting immunity is not possible. This reduced rate of antigenic change, combined with its limited host range (inhibiting cross species antigenic shift), ensures that pandemics of influenza B do not occur.

The Influenza virus C genus has one species, influenza C virus, which infects humans and pigs and can cause severe illness and local epidemics. However, influenza C is less common than the other types and usually seems to cause mild disease in children. [00107] Influenza A, B and C viruses are very similar in structure. The virus particle is 80-120 nanometers in diameter and usually roughly spherical, although filamentous forms can occur. Unusually for a virus, its genome is not a single piece of nucleic acid; instead, it contains seven or eight pieces of segmented negative-sense RNA. The Influenza A genome encodes 11 proteins: hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), Ml, M2, NSl, NS2(NEP), PA, PBl, PB1-F2 and PB2.

HA and NA are large glycoproteins on the outside of the viral particles. HA is a lectin that mediates binding of the virus to target cells and entry of the viral genome into the target cell, while NA is involved in the release of progeny virus from infected cells, by cleaving sugars that bind the mature viral particles. Thus, these proteins have been targets for antiviral drugs. Furthermore, they are antigens to which antibodies can be raised. Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on antibody responses to HA and NA, forming the basis of the H and N distinctions (vide supra) in, for example, H5N1. [00109] Influenza produces direct costs due to lost productivity and associated medical treatment, as well as indirect costs of preventative measures. In the United States, influenza is responsible for a total cost of over $10 billion per year, while it has been estimated that a future pandemic could cause hundreds of billions of dollars in direct and indirect costs. Preventative costs are also high. Governments worldwide have spent billions of U.S. dollars preparing and planning for a potential H5N1 avian influenza pandemic, with costs associated with purchasing drugs and vaccines as well as developing disaster drills and strategies for improved border controls.

Current treatment options for influenza include vaccination, and chemotherapy or chemoprophylaxis with anti-viral medications. Vaccination against influenza with an influenza vaccine is often recommended for high-risk groups, such as children and the elderly, or in people that have asthma, diabetes, or heart disease. However, it is possible to get vaccinated and still get influenza. The vaccine is reformulated each season for a few specific influenza strains but cannot possibly include all the strains actively infecting people in the world for that season. It takes about six months for the manufacturers to formulate and produce the millions of doses required to deal with the seasonal epidemics; occasionally, a new or overlooked strain becomes prominent during that time and infects people although they have been vaccinated (as by the H3N2 Fujian flu in the 2003-2004 influenza season). It is also possible to get infected just before vaccination and get sick with the very strain that the vaccine is supposed to prevent, as the vaccine takes about two weeks to become effective. [00111] Further, the effectiveness of these influenza vaccines is variable. Due to the high mutation rate of the virus, a particular influenza vaccine usually confers protection for no more than a few years. A vaccine formulated for one year may be ineffective in the following year, since the influenza virus changes rapidly over time, and different strains become dominant.

Also, because of the absence of RNA proofreading enzymes, the RNA- dependent RNA polymerase of influenza vRNA makes a single nucleotide insertion error roughly every 10 thousand nucleotides, which is the approximate length of the influenza vRNA. Hence, nearly every newly-manufactured influenza virus is a mutant — antigenic drift. The separation of the genome into eight separate segments of vRNA allows mixing or reassortment of vRNAs if more than one viral line has infected a single cell. The resulting rapid change in viral genetics produces antigenic shifts and allows the virus to infect new host species and quickly overcome protective immunity.

Antiviral drugs can also be used to treat influenza, with neuraminidase inhibitors being particularly effective, but viruses can develop resistance to the standard antiviral drugs.

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00063

Development of a Scalable Synthesis of an Azaindolyl-Pyrimidine Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Replication

Jianglin Liang^*, John E. Cochran, Warren A. Dorsch, Ioana Davies, and Michael P. Clark

Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00063

Publication Date (Web): April 08, 2016

A scalable, asymmetric route for the synthesis of the influenza virus replication inhibitor 2 is presented. The key steps include an enzymatic desymmetrization of cis-1,3-cyclohexanediester in 99% yield and 96% ee, S_NAr displacement of a methanesulfinylpyrimidine, and a Curtius rearrangement to form a morpholinyl urea. This high-yielding route allowed us to rapidly synthesize hundreds of grams of 2 in 99% purity to support in vivo studies.

About Influenza

Often called “the flu,” seasonal influenza is caused by influenza viruses, which infect the respiratory tract.¹ The flu can result in seasonal epidemics² and can produce severe disease and high mortality in certain populations, such as the elderly.³ Each year, on average 5 to 20 percent of the U.S. population gets the flu⁴ resulting in more than 200,000 flu-related hospitalizations and 36,000 deaths.⁵The overall national economic burden of influenza-attributable illness for adults is $83.3 billion.⁵ Direct medical costs for influenza in adults totaled $8.7 billion including $4.5 billion for adult hospitalizations resulting from influenza-attributable illness.⁵ The treatment of the flu consists of antiviral medications that have been shown in clinical studies to shorten the disease and reduce the severity of symptoms if taken within two days of infection.⁶ There is a significant need for new medicines targeting flu that provide a wider treatment window, greater efficacy and faster onset of action.

About Vertex

Vertex is a global biotechnology company that aims to discover, develop and commercialize innovative medicines so people with serious diseases can lead better lives. In addition to our clinical development programs focused on cystic fibrosis, Vertex has more than a dozen ongoing research programs aimed at other serious and life-threatening diseases.

Founded in 1989 in Cambridge, Mass., Vertex today has research and development sites and commercial offices in the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia. For four years in a row, Science magazine has named Vertex one of its Top Employers in the life sciences. For additional information and the latest updates from the company, please visit www.vrtx.com.

Vertex’s press releases are available at www.vrtx.com.

SYNTHESIS COMING

WO-2010148197

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2010148197A1?cl=en

General Scheme 44 SIMILAR TO A POINT BUT NOT SAME

(a) Pd(PPh₃)₄ sodium carbonate, DME/water, reflux (b) meta-chloroperbenzoic acid, dichloromethane, rt. (c) 20a, tetrahydrofuran, 5O°C (d) trifluoroacetic acid, dichloromethane, rt.

SIMILAR NOT SAME

(e) morpholιne-4-carbonyl chloride, dimethylformamide, rt (f) sodium methoxide, methanol, rt.

Formation of 5-fluoro-3-[5-fluoro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidin-2-yl]-1-tosyl-lΗ- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (44b)

2-Chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidine (34.1 g, 191.0 mmol) , 5-fluoro-1-(p- tolylsulfonyl)-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine, 44a, (53.0 g, 127.3 mmol) and Na₂Cθ3 (40.5 g, 381.9 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of DME (795 mL) and water (159 mL). The mixture was purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes and treated with Pd(PPh₃ )₄ (7.4 g, 6.6 mmol). After purging with nitrogen for another 20 minutes, the reaction was heated to reflux overnight, cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (60OmL). The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and the precipitate was then collected by filtration, washed with water and acetonitrile and dried at 50 °C to afford 48.2 g of 5-fluoro-3-[5-fluoro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidin-2-yl]-1-tosyl-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine as a white solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d6) δ 8.70 – 8.58 (m, 2H), 8.54 – 8.41 (m, 2H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

Formation of 5-fluoro-3-[5-fluoro-4-(methylsulfinyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-1- tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (44c)

5-fluoro-3 – [5 -fluoro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidin-2-yl] – 1 -tosyl- 1 H-pyrrolo [2,3 – b]pyridine, 44b, (48.2 g, 111.5 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (2.3 L) and treated portionwise with m-CPBA (27.5 g, 122.6 mmol) while keeping the temperature below 20 °C. After addition was complete, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then treated with another portion of m-CPBA (1.9 g) and stirred for another hour. The reaction mixture was washed with 12% aqueuous K₂CO3 (2 x 1.0 L) and the organic layer was dried on Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to provide 50 g of 5-fluoro-3-[5-fluoro-4- (methylsulfinyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine as a yellow solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-rf<5) δ 9.11 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.65 (dd, J = 9.0, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 8.52 (dd, J= 2.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

[001057] Formation of tert-butyl N-[(IR, 3S)-3-[[5-fluoro-2-[5-fluoro-1-(p- tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo [2,3-b] pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl] amino] cyclohexyl] carbamate (44d)

5-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-4-methylsulfinyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine, 44c, (5.9 g, 10.5 mmol) and tert-butyl N-[(IR, 35^*)-3-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate (3 g, 12.60 mmol) were dissolved in THF (100 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to 50 °C for 6 hours, then cooled to room temperature. C₆ lite was added and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The C₆ lite-supported residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (20-80% EtOAc/hexanes gradient to provide 3.7 g of tert-butyl N-[(IR, 3S)- 3-[[5-fluoro-2-[5-fluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-4- yl]amino]cyclohexyl]carbamate.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.46 – 8.41 (m, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J= 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.91 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (s, 1H), 4.29 – 4.01 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 1H), 2.47 (d, J= 11.5 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.24 (d, J = 13.1 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (d, J= 10.9 Hz, 1H), 1.91 (d, J= 13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.30 – 1.03 (m, 4H).

Formation of (IS, SΛHVHS-fluoro^-β-fluoro-1-Cp- tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]cyclohexane-1,3-diamine (44e) tert-Butyl N-[(IR, 3S>3-[[5-fluoro-2-[5-fluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]carbamate, 44d, (3.7 g, 6.2 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (105 mL) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (31 mL). After 5 minutes, the volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was treated with IN NaOH (75 mL). The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water (3 x 30 mL) and vacuum dried to provide 2.7 g of (IS, 3R)-Nl -[5-fluoro-2-[5- fluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]cyclohexane-l,3-diamine as a white solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, MeOD) d 8.56 (dd, J = 8.0, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 8.35 – 8.26 (m, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J= 10.3, 6.1 Hz, 3H), 7.43 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.36 – 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.28 – 3.13 (m, 1H), 2.48 (d, J= 12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.25 – 1.97 (m, J= 17.3, 10.6, 4.1 Hz, 4H), 1.76 – 1.28 (m, 3H).

Formation of N-[(IR, 3S>3-[[5-fluoro-2-[5-fluoro-1-(p- tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]cyclohexyl] morpholine- 4-carboxamide (44f)

(15, 3R)-M-[5-fluoro-2-[5-fluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3- yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]cyclohexane- 1,3 -diamine, 44e, (2.3 g, 4.6 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5OmL) and treated with morpholine-4-carbonyl chloride (2.1 g, 13.8 mmol) and DIPEA (4.2 g, 5.6 mL, 32.3 mmol). After one hour, the resulting solution was diluted with water (400 mL) and stirred for an additional two hours. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water (3 x 50 mL) and dried to provide the crude product. This material was purified by flash chromatography on a 4Og column using EtOAc/DCM 20- 100%, to provide 2.0 g of N-[(1R, 35)-3-[[5-fluoro-2-[5-fluoro-1-(p- tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]morpholine-4- carboxamide as a white solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-Λ5) δ 8.53 – 8.43 (m, J = 11.9, 2.7 Hz, 3H), 8.22 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.32 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (s, J= 19.4 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 1H), 3.58 – 3.45 (m, 4H), 3.27 – 3.18 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.12 (d, J= 11.7 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (d, J= 9.5 Hz, 1H), 1.83 (d, J= 10.3 Hz, 2H), 1.53 – 1.11 (m, J = 32.3, 22.8, 10.9 Hz, 4H).

ormation of N-[(IR, 3S>3-[[5-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl] amino] cyclohexyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide (706)

N- [( IR, 35)-3 – [ [5 -fluoro-2- [5 -fluoro- 1 -(p-tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolo [2,3 -b]pyridin-3 – yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide, 44f, (2.0 g, 3.2 mmol) was suspended in methanol (50 mL) and treated with 25% sodium methoxide in methanol (19.9 mL, 92.3 mmol) . After stirring for 1 hour, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer was collected, dried on Νa₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the crude product as a yellow solid. This material was purified by silica gel chromatography on a 4Og column, using DCM/MeOH 1-6%. The purified fractions were treated with 2N HCl in ether and concentrated to provide 1.5 g of N-[(1R, 35)-3-[[5-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]cyclohexyl]-morpholine-4-carboxamide as a white solid.

HCI D DCM

44e

Formation of (IS, S^-M-^-fluoro-S-CS-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo^S-^pyridin- 3-yl)phenyl)cyclohexane-1,3-diamine (44e)

To a solution of tert-butyl (IR, 35)-3-(2-fluoro-5-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-lH-pyrrolo-[2,3- &]pyridin-3-yl)phenylamino)cyclohexylcarbamate, 44d, (0.65 g, 1.09 mmol) in methylene chloride (22 mL) was added hydrogen chloride (2.71 mL of 4M solution in 1,4-dioxane, 10.86 mmol). The reaction was heated to 50 °C and stirred for 6 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo, producing a yellow solid. The crude residue was purified via silica gel chromatography (25-50% Ethyl Acetate/hexanes gradient). Desired fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to produce 350 mg of 44e as a yellow powder.

General Scheme 67 SIMILAR TO A POINT BUT NOT SAME

(a) Pd/C (wet, Degussa), hydrogen, EtOH (b) 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine, ¹Pr₂NEt, THF, reflux (c) LiOH, THF/water, 5O°C

SIMILAR BUT NOT SAME

(d) DPPA, Et₃N, THF, 85 °C (e) 5-fluoro-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3 ,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1- tosyl-l//-pyrrolo[2,3-i]pyridine, XPhos, Pd₂(dba)₃, K₃PO₄, 2-methylTHF, water, 125 °C (f)

Formation (IR, 35)-ethyl 3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylate (67b)

To a solution of (IR, 35)-ethyl 3-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)cyclohexane-carboxylate, 18b, (14.0 g, 45.9 mmol) in ethanol (3 mL) was added Pd/C (wet, Degussa (2.4 g, 2.3 mmol). The mixture was evacuated and then stirred under atmosphere of nitrogen at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the resulting filtrate concentrated in vacuo to provide an oil that was used without further purification.

Formation (IR, SS^-ethyl 3-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexane- carboxylate (67c)

To a solution of (IR, 3«S)-ethyl S-aminocyclohexanecarboxylate, 67b, (5.1 g, 24.1 mmol) and 2,4-dichloro-5,-fluoropyrimidine (6.0 g, 36.0 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (9.6 mL, 55.4 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0-40% EtOAc/hexanes gradient) to provide 6.7 g of (IR, 35^*)-ethyl 3-(2- chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexane-carboxylate as a white solid: LCMS RT = 3.1 (M+H) 302.2.

Formation (IR, 35)-3-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (67d)

To a solution of (IR, 35^*)-ethyl 3-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4- ylamino)cyclohexane-carboxylate, 67c, (20.0 g, 66.3 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added added a solution of LiOH hydrate (8.3 g, 198.8 mmol) in 100ml water. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 °C overnight, To the reaction mixture was added HCl (16.6 mL of 12 M solution, 198.8 mmol) and EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford 17.5 g of product that was used without further purification: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.91 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 2H), 5.24 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.19 – 4.03 (m, 3H), 3.84 – 3.68 (m, 3H), 2.59 (ddd, J= 11.5, 8.2, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 6H), 1.99 – 1.76 (m, 5H), 1.63 – 1.34 (m, 6H), 1.32 – 1.15 (m, 4H).

Formation N-((1R, 35)-3-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexyl)- pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide (67e)

A solution of (IR, 35)-3-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexane- carboxylic acid, 67d, (8.2 g, 30.0 mmol), (azido(phenoxy)phosphoryl)oxybenzene (9.7 mL, 45.0 mmol) and triethylamine (5.8 mL, 42.0 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was degassed under nitrogen for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated at 85 °C for 30 minutes until LC/MS indicated complete consumption of carboxylic acid, 67d. To the reaction mixture was added pyrrolidine (7.5 mL, 90.0 mmol) and the reaction was heated at 85 °C for an additional 15 min. The mixture was diluted into brine and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was separated, dried over MgSO₄. The product was isolated (6.25 g) by filtration after partial removal of solvent in vacuo: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.87 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 2H), 5.04 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.09 (ddd, J = 26.9, 13.4, 5.6 Hz, 4H), 3.91 – 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.32 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 7H), 2.45 (d, J= 11.5 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (dd, J= 22.1, 12.0 Hz, 4H), 1.96- 1.82 (m, 9H), 1.54 (dd, J= 18.6, 8.5 Hz, 2H), 1.22 – 1.01 (m, 6H).

Formation N-((IR, 3S>3-(5-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridm-3- yl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide (67f)

A solution of N-((1R, 3«S)-3-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexyl)- pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide, 67e, (6.8 g, 20.0 mmol), 5-fluoro-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-3-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine, 44a, (12.5 g, 30.0 mmol) and K₃PO₄ (17.0 g, 80.0 mmol) in 2-methyl TΗF (180 mL) and water (20 mL) was degassed under nitrogen for 30 min. To the mixture was added dicyclohexyl-[2-(2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl)phenyl]phosphane (XPhos) (1.1 g, 2.4 mmol) and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.5 g, 0.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a pressure bottle at 125 °C for 2.5 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (8%MeOΗ/CΗ₂Cl₂) to afford 11.5 g of the desired product: ¹H ΝMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.49 (dd, J= 9.0, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 8.07 (d, J= 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.98 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.37 – 4.16 (m, 1H), 4.08 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.99 – 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.33 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 4H), 2.52 (d, J= 11.6 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.29 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (d, J= 11.1 Hz, 1H), 1.99 – 1.81 (m, 5H), 1.70 – 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.22 – 1.08 (m, 2H).

Formation N-((IR, 3S>3-(5-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)- pyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide (895)

A solution of N-((1R, 35)-3-(5-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-1-tosyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3- yl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)cyclohexyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide, 67f, (11.5 g, 19.3 mmol) in TΗF (150 mL) was added sodium methoxide (4.173 g, 19.31 mmol). After stirring the reaction mixture for 2 minutes, the mixture was poured into an aqueous saturated solution of NaHCO₃. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10%MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to afford 6.5g of the desired product. The product was converted to an HCl salt by dissolving in MeOH (100 mL) and adding 2.4 mL of 12M HCl solution at room temperature. The solution was stirred at for lhour and the HCl salt precipitated out and filtered to provide 7.05g of the HCl salt: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.36 (s, 2H), 9.05 (d, J= 3.0 Hz, 2H), 8.49 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 2H), 8.41 (dd, J= 2.6, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 8.31 (d, J= 9.5 Hz, 2H), 5.92 (s, 3H), 4.24 (s, 3H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 3.18 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 7H), 2.07 (dt, J = 22.7, 11.5 Hz, 4H), 1.87 (t, J = 12.6 Hz, 4H), 1.77 (dd, J = 8.0, 5.3 Hz, 7H), 1.65 – 1.13 (m, 8H).

PATENT

US-20120171245-A1 / 2012-07-05

INHIBITORS OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES REPLICATION

Charifson, Paul S. [US] ET AL

/////////VX-? , an Azaindolyl-Pyrimidine Inhibitor, Influenza Virus Replication, Vertex, preclinical, 1259498-06-0

O=C(NC1CCC[C@@H](C1)Nc2nc(ncc2F)\C\4=C\N=C3\N\C=C(\F)/C=C3/4)N5CCCCC5

Cymipristone

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Apr 292016

ChemSpider 2D Image | Cymipristone | C34H43NO2

Cymipristone

(8S,11R,13S,14S,17S)-11-{4-[Cyclohexyl(méthyl)amino]phényl}-17-hydroxy-13-méthyl-17-(1-propyn-1-yl)-1,2,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodécahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phénanthrén-3-one

Estra-4,9-dien-3-one, 11-[4-(cyclohexylmethylamino)phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propyn-1-yl)-, (11β,17β)-

11 β – [4- (Ν- -N- methyl-cyclohexylamino)] -17 α – (1- propynyl) -17 β – hydroxy estra-4,9-dien-3-one

Estra-4,9-dien-3-one, 11-[4-(cyclohexylmethylamino)phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propynyl)-, (11β,17β)- (9CI)
(11β,17β)-11-[4-(Cyclohexylmethylamino)phenyl]-17-hydroxy-17-(1-propyn-1-yl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one
Saimisitong

Shanghai Siniwest Pharmaceutical Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Zhongxi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xianju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd,

A progesterone receptor antagonist potentially for termination of intrauterine pregnancy.

CAS No.329971-40-6

Molecular FormulaC₃₄H₄₃NO₂
Average mass497.711 Da
Steroid Compounds, a Method for Preparation thereof, Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing the Same and Use thereof

This invention relates to steroid compounds and pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof, a method for preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same as active component, and their use in the preparation of medicines for treating diseases associated with progestogen dependence and for fertility control, abortion or contraception and for anticancer use.
Mifepristone (11β-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-17α-(1-propinyl)-17β-hydroxy-4,9-estradiene-3-one) is a steroid compound which is disclosed in French Patent No. 2,497,807 to Rousell-Uclaf, published May 31, 1983. It is the first progesterone receptor antagonist put into clinical application and is a new type of anti-progestin. It binds to progesterone receptor and glucocorticoid receptor, having an affinity with progesterone receptor in rabbit endometrium five-fold higher than that of progesterone and thereby having strong anti-progesterone effect. It causes degeneration of pregnant villus tissue and decidual tissue, endogenous prostaglandin (PG) release, luteinizing hormone decrease, corpus luteum dissolution, and necrosis of embryo sac whose development depends on corpus luteum, leading to abortion. Therefore, it can be used as a non-surgical medicine for stopping early pregnancy. It can also be used, inter alia, in contraception and as an antineoplastic. (The Antiprogestin Steroid Ru486 and Human Fertility Control, 1985, New York: Plenum Press) .
Onapristone (11β-[4-(N,N-diemthylamino)phenyl]-17α-hydroxy-17β-(3-hydroxypropyl)-13α-4,9-estradiene-3-one), is a steroid compound which is disclosed in German Patent No. 3,321,826 to Schering AG, published Dec. 20, 1984. It has a strong antiprogestin activity and can be used in abortion (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gyencology, 1987, 157:1065-1074), anticancer (Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 1989, 14:275-288), etc. It was reported that onapristone had toxicity to human liver (European Journal of Cancer, 1999, 35(2):214-218).
Lilopristone (11β-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino) phenyl]-17α-[3-hydroxy-1(Z)-propenyl]-17β-hydroxy-4,9-estradiene-3-one) is a steroid compound which is disclosed in German Patent No. 3,347,126 to Schering AG, published July 11, 1985. It has a strong antiprogestin activity and can be used in abortion, contraception (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gyencology, 1987, 157:1065-1074), etc. It was reported that the clinical effect of lilopristone in stopping early pregnancy was only equivalent to that of mifepristone (Human Reproduction, 1994, 9(1):57-63).
ZK112993 (11β-(4-acetylphenyl)-17α-(1-propinyl)-17β-hydroxy-4,9-estradiene-3-one) is as steroid compound which is disclosed in German Patent No. 3,504,421 to Schering AG, published Aug. 7, 1986. It has a potent antiprogestin activity and can be used in, inter alia, anticancer (Anticancer Res., 1990, 10:683-688).
In European Patent No. 321,010 to Akzo NV, The Netherland published June 21, 1989 are disclosed “11-arylsteroid compounds” having a strong antiprogestin activity.

PATENT

WO 2001018026

http://www.google.com/patents/EP1219632A1?cl=en

The preparation method of the present invention includes the following single- or multi-step procedures:

1. Method for the preparation of 11β-[4-(N-methyl-N-cyclohexylamino)phenyl]-17α-(1-propinyl)-17β-hydroxy-4,9-estradiene-3-one (IV) which includes the following steps:

(1) Preparation of Grignard reagent (III)

4-bromo-N-methyl-N-cyclohexylaniline (II) is reacted with magnesium in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to obtain Grignard reagent of formula (III).

(2) C₁₁ additive reaction

Compound of formula (IV) and the Grignard reagent of formula (III) prepared in step (1) are brought to an additive reaction to obtain compound of formula (V).

(3) Hydrolytic reaction

The compound of formula (V) prepared in step (2) is subjected to a hydrolytic reaction to obtain compound of form (VI).

2. Method for preparation of 11β-[4-(N-cyclohexylamino)phenyl]-17α-(1-propinyl)-17β-hydroxy-4,9-estradiene-3-one (XI) which includes the following steps:

(1) Preparation of Grignard reagent of formula (IX)

4-bromo-N-cyclohexylaniline (VII) is first protected by trimethylchlorosilane, then reacted with magnesium in THF to obtain Grignard reagent of formula (IX).

(2) C₁₁ additive reaction

Compound of formula (IV) and the Grignard reagent of formula (IX) prepared in step (1) are brought to an additive reaction to obtain compound of formula (X).

(3) Hydrolytic reaction

The compound of formula (X) prepared in step (2) is subjects to a hydrolytic reaction to obtain compound of formula (XI).

Example 2:

9g 4-bromo-N-cyclohexylaniline (VII) (CA registration number [113388-04-8], see Synthetic Communications, 1986, 16(13): 1641-1645 for its preparation) was placed into a four-necked flask and 15 ml (1.5 mol/L) n-BuLi solution in n-hexane. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Then 8 g trimethylsilyl chloride (Me₃SiCl) was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Solvent and excessive Me₃SiCl was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 4-bromo-(N-cyclohexyl-N-trimethylsilylaniline) (VIII) which was formulated into a solution with 7.5 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran for further use.
1.3 g magnesium was placed into a four-necked flask and a small amount of the above solution was added dropwise and slowly at 40°C. After completion of addition, the temperature was kept for 1 hour to yield a solution of 4-(N-cyclohexyl-N-trimethylsilylamino)phenylmagnesium bromide (IX) in tetrahydrofuran for further use.

(2) Preparation of 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5α,17β-dihydroxy-11β-[4-(N-cylohexylamino)phenyl]-17α-(1-propinyl)-9(10)-estrene(X).

5g 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5,10-epoxy-17α-(1-propinyl)-17β-hydroxy-9(11)-estrene (IV) was placed into a four-necked flask and 10 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and a catalytic amount of cuprous chloride (Cu2Cl2) added. Then solution of 4-(N-cyclohexyl-N-trimethylsilylamino)phenyl magnesium bromide (IX) in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise and slowly while controlling the temperature below 5°C. After completion of addition, the mixture was allowed to react for 2 hours at room temperature and to stand overnight. Saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution was added and the tetrahydrofuran layer separated which was washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution. The solution in tetrahydrofuran was washed with saturated saline and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of tetrahydrofuran under reduced pressure yielded a residual which was chromatographed on silica gel column using cyclohexane: acetone (5:1) as developing agent to yield 3 g 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5α,17β-dihydroxy-11β-[4-(N-cyclohexylamino)phenyl]-17α-(1-propinyl)-9(10)-estrene(X).

IR (KBr) cm^-1: 3420 (C₅, C₁₇-OH), 1610, 1510 (benzene backbone), 840, 808 (ArH).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ ppm: 0.52(3H, S, C₁₃-CH₃), 2.72(3H, S, N-CH₃), 3.92(4H, m, -O-CH₂CH₂-O-), 4.24(1H, m, C₁₁-H), 6.65-7.00 (4H, ArH).

(3) Preparation of 11β- [4- (N-cyclohexylamino)phenyl] -17α- (1-propinyl) -17β-hydroxy-4,9-estradiene-3-one (XI).

1.5g 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5,17β-dihydroxy-11β-[4-(N-cyclohexylamino)phenyl]-17α-(1-propinyl)-9(10)-estrene (X) and 0.75 g para-toluenesulfonic acid (PTS) were dissolved in 15 ml 90 % ethanol (v/v). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours while controlling the temperature at 40°C-50°C. After completion of the reaction, the reactant was poured into diluted sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, extracted with dichloroethane, washed with water to neutrality, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent and chromatography on silica gel column using cyclohexane: ethyl acetate (5:1) as developing agent yielded 0.9 g 11β-[4-(N-cyclohexylamino)phenyl]-17α-(1-propinyl)-17β-hydroxy-4,9-estradiene-3-one (XI).

IR (KBr) cm^-1: 3400 (C₁₇-OH), 1658 (unsaturated ketone), 1613, 1514 (benzene backbone), 865, 810 (ArH).
¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ ppm: 0.50 (3H, S, C₁₃-CH₃), 1.76 (3H, S, C≡C-CH₃), 4.32(1H, S, C₁₁-H), 5.75(1H, S, C₄-H), 6.9-7.10 (4H, ArH).

PATENT

WO 2006063526

PATENT

WO 2007009397

Example 1

Race meters mifepristone synthetic routes:

Epoxy adduct match rice mifepristone

(N- hexylamino methylcyclohexyl) phenyl magnesium bromide (1) 4-

In the four-necked flask, 1.4 g of magnesium into pieces (Mg) and 10 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), no iodine or add a little change, at about 50 ° C, a solution of 10.86 g of 4-bromo-methyl -N- cyclohexyl aniline (dissolved in 24 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran) dropwise Bi, incubation was continued for 1 hour with stirring to give 4- (N- methyl-cyclohexylamino) phenyl magnesium bromide tetrahydrofuran solution (to be used in the next step an addition reaction ).

(2) 3,3-ethylenedioxy -5 α, 17 β – dihydroxy -11 β – [4- (Ν- methyl -Ν- cyclohexylamino) phenyl] -17 α – (1- propyl block-yl) -9 (10) – Preparation of estra-ene (adduct) of

In the four-necked flask, into 5 g of 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5,10-epoxy -17 α – (1- propynyl) – 17 (3 – hydroxy – 9 (11) – estra-ene (epoxy), 29.1 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 0.1 g cuprous chloride (of Cu ₂ of Cl ₂ ), a solution of 4- (N- methyl -N-cyclohexylamino) phenyl magnesium bromide tetrahydrofuran

Nan solution, temperature control 5. C, the drop was completed, the incubation was continued for 5 hours, the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, points to the water layer, the organic layer was washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution, the aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate number times, the organic layers combined, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure, a silica gel column, eluent cyclohexane: acetone = (5: 1) to give 3,3-ethylene dioxo -5 α, 17 β – dihydroxy -11 β – [4- (- methyl -Ν- cyclohexylamino) phenyl] -17 α – (1- propynyl) -9 (10) – female steroidal women (adduct) solid 6 grams.

IR. ‘KBi cm- ^ SlS OI ^ ^ -OH lS jSlS benzene backbone), 819 (aromatic hydrogen). NMR Ή: (CDC1 ₃ ) ppm by [delta]: 0.47 (3H, the S, the C _IR CH ₃ ), 1.88 (3H, the S, the C ≡ the C-CH ₃ ), 2.72 (3H, the S, the N-CH ₃ ), 6.65- 7.03 (4H, ArH) _O

(3) 11 β – [4- (N- methyl -N- cyclohexylamino) phenyl] -17 α – (1- propynyl) -17 β – hydroxy-estra-4,9-diene – Preparation of 3-one (match rice mifepristone) of

‘2.5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTS) and 5 grams of 3,3-ethylenedioxythiophene -5 α, 17 β – dihydroxy -11 β – [4- (Ν- methyl cyclohexylamino) phenyl] -17 α – (1- propynyl) -9 (10) – estra-ene (adduct) was dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol 90% (V / V), and at 5 ° C – 40 ° C the reaction was stirred 3 hours, the reaction solution was poured into dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the precipitated solid was suction filtered, washed with water until neutral, the filter cake was dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl acetate, then with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution to the water layer was evaporated part of the solvent, the precipitated solid was suction filtered, and dried to give a pale yellow solid 11 β – [4- (Ν- -N- methyl-cyclohexylamino)] -17 α – (1- propynyl) -17 β – hydroxy estra-4,9-dien-3-one (match rice mifepristone) 3 grams.

^ Cm & lt IRCKB ¹ : 3447 (the C _{. 17} -OH), among 1655 (unsaturated ketone), 1607,1513 (benzene backbone), 865,819 (aromatic hydrogen).

NMR ¾: (CDC1 ₃ ) ppm by [delta]: 0.56 (3H, the S ₅ the C ₁₃ -CH ₃ ), 1.89 (3H, the S ₅ -C ≡ the C-the CH3), 2.74 (3H, the S, the N-the CH3), 4.34 ( lH, the S, the C _N -H), 5.75 (lH, the S, the C ₄ -H), 6.68-6.99 (4H, ArH).

PATENT

CN 102107007

PATENT

CN 102106805

PAPER

Journal of Chromatography B

Volume 878, Issues 7–8, 1 March 2010, Pages 719–723

Determination of cymipristone in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.027

Abstract

A rapid, specific and sensitive liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for determination of cymipristone in human plasma. Mifepristone was used as the internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were deproteinized using methanol. The compounds were separated on a ZORBAX SB C₁₈ column (50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., dp 1.8 μm) with gradient elution at a flow-rate of 0.3 ml/min. The mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. The detection was performed on a triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometer by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via electrospray ionization. Target ions were monitored at [M+H]⁺m/z 498 → 416 and 430 → 372 in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode for cymipristone and IS, respectively. Linearity was established for the range of concentrations 0.5–100 ng/ml with a coefficient correlation (r) of 0.9996. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was identifiable and reproducible at 0.5 ng/ml. The validated method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of cymipristone in healthy Chinese female subjects.

CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 115, no. 25, 23 December 1991 (1991-12-23) Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 270851g, X. ZHAO ET AL.: “Synthesis and terminating early pregnancy effect of mifepristone derivatives” page 117; XP002219009 & ZHONGGUO YAOKE DAXUE XUEBAO, vol. 22, no. 3, 1991, pages 133-136,

//////////Cymipristone, Saimisitong, Shanghai Siniwest Pharmaceutical Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Zhongxi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xianju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd,

Claude Shannon's 100th birthday

энкломифен Enclomiphene citrate إينكلوميفان

NDA Comments Off

Apr 292016

Enclomiphene citrate

An estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist potentially for treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

ICI-46476; RMI-16289

CAS No.15690-57-0(free)

7599-79-3(Enclomiphene citrate)

Molecular Weight	598.08
Formula	C26H28ClNO▪C6H8O7

Ethanamine, 2-[4-[(1E)-2-chloro-1,2-diphenylethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-diethyl-, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1:1)

Ethanamine, 2-[4-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylethenyl)phenoxy]-N,N-diethyl-, (E)-, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (1:1)
Triethylamine, 2-[p-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylvinyl)phenoxy]-, citrate (1:1), (E)-
(E)-Clomiphene citrate
Androxal
Clomiphene B citrate

Enclomid
Enclomiphene citrate
trans-Clomiphene citrate

Clomifene is a mixture of two geometric isomers, enclomifene (E-clomifene) and zuclomifene (Z-clomifene). These two isomers have been found to contribute to the mixed estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties of clomifene.

Enclomifene

Zuclomifene

PATENT

WO 2015138340

EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of trans-clomiphene citrate from

1- {4- [2-(Oiethylamino)ethoxy| phenylj-1 ,2-diphenylethanol

Dehydration

[0023] l-{4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-l,2-diphenylethanol (6) dissolved in ethanol containing an excess of hydrogen chloride was refluxed 3 hours at 50 °C. The solvent and excess hydrogen chloride were removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. 2-{4-[(Z)-l,2-diphenylvinyl]phenoxy}-N,N- diethylethanaminium hydrogen chloride (7) was obtained.

Chlorination

The hydrochloride salt (7) solution obtained above was treated with 1.05 equivalents of N-chlorosuccinimide and stirred at room temperature for about 20 hours. Completion of the reaction was confirmed by HPLC. The hydrochloride salt was converted to the free base by addition of saturated aqueous bicarbonate solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes after which the phases were separated and the organic phase was evaporated in vacuo. 2-{4-[2-chloro-l,2- diphenylvinyl]phenoxy}-N,N-diethylethanamine (clomiphene -1.8:1 E:Z mixture) (8) was obtained.

Separation of clomiphene isomers

Clomiphene (8) obtained above is dissolved in methanol and racemic binaphthyl- phosphoric acid (BPA) is added under stirring. When the precipitate begins separating from the solution, stirring is stopped and the mixture is allowed to settle at room temperature for 2 hours. The precipitate is filtered, washed with methanol and ether and dried. Trans-clomiphene-BPA salt (3) is obtained.

The enclomiphene-BPA salt (3) obtained above is extracted with ethyl acetate and NH₃ solution. To the organic solution washed with water and dried, citric acid dissolved in ethanol is added. The solution is allowed to settle for about one hour at room temperature; the precipitate is then filtered and dried under vacuum. The obtained precipitate, trans-clomiphene citrate (1) is dissolved in 2-butanone for storage.

EXAMPLE 2

Synthesis of Clomiphene Using a Single Solvent

Step 1 – Dehydration of l-i4-r2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy1phenyl|-l,2- diphenylefhanol to form 2-{4-[(Z)-l,2-diphenylvinyllphenoxy}-N,N-diethylethanaminium hydrogen sulfate (7) [0030] The synthesis route described in Example 1 utilized HC1 for the dehydration step and utilized ethanol at 50 °C as the solvent. Sulfuric acid was investigated as an alternative to HC1 for the dehydration step (as described in Example 1) in part due to the more favorable corrosion profile of sulfuric acid. Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) was investigated as an alternative solvent for the dehydration step as this would render removal of the ethanol solvent prior to the chlorination step unnecessary.

A 100 mL 3-neck round bottom flask, fitted with a temperature probe and a stir bar, was charged with l- {4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-l,2-diphenylethanol (6) (6.60 g, 16.9 mmol) and 66 mL (lxlO³ mmol) of methylene chloride to give a yellow solution which was cooled in an ice bath to 0 °C. Concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂S0₄, 0.96 mL, 18.1 mmol) was added at a rate such that the internal temperature did not exceed 5 °C. Upon completion of the addition, the mixture was allowed to stir one hour at ambient temperature. Completion of the reaction was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The reaction resulted in 7.96 grams of 2- (4-[(Z)- 1 ,2- diphenylvinyl]phenoxy}-N,N-diethylethanaminium hydrogen sulfate (7), a yield of 100%. Thus, sulfuric acid was demonstrated to be a suitable acid for the dehydration step.

[0042] Using these HPLC conditions, starting material has a retention time of 3.30 min and product has a retention time of 4.05 min.

It was determined that removal of water produced by the dehydration reaction was important before performing the chlorination step. When ethanol is used as the solvent for this reaction, as in Example 1, the water is removed azeotropically upon removal of the ethanol. Several methods of drying the dichloromethane solution were attempted. Drying with MgS0₄ had a deleterious effect on the subsequent chlorination step, rendering the chlorination process very messy with a number of new impurities observed following HPLC analysis which were determined to be the corresponding chlorohydrins. On the other hand, a wash with brine was sufficient to remove enough water and had no deleterious effect on the chlorination step. Accordingly, the solution was stirred vigorously with brine (66 ml) for 30 minutes and then the phases were separated prior to chlorination step.

Step 2- Synthesis of 2-|4-r2-chloro-L2-diphenylvinyl1phenoxyl-N,N- diethylethanamine 8

The solution of 2-{4-[(Z)-l,2-diphenylvinyl]phenoxy}-N,N-diethylethanaminium hydrogen sulfate (7.94 grams) in methylene chloride obtained in step 1 is stirred at room temperature and treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (2.37 g, 17.7 mmol, 1.05 equivalents) in a single portion and left to stir at room temperature for 12 hours. The yellow solution became orange and then went back to yellow. After 12 hours, a sample was removed, concentrated and assayed by HPLC to confirm the extent of reaction. HPLC analysis revealed that the reaction had proceeded but not to completion. Accordingly, an additional 0.09 equivalents of N-chlorosuccinimide (203 mg, 1.52 mmol) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature for an additional 4 hours. The reaction was again assayed by HPLC which revealed that the reaction was near completion. Accordingly, an additional 0.09 equivalents of N-chlorosuccinimide (203 mg, 1.52 mmol) was added and the solution stirred for an additional 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction was again assayed by HPLC and an additional 0.058 equivalents of N-chlorosuccinimide (131 mg, 0.98 mmol) was added and the solution stirred for an additional 4 hours. HPLC indicated that the reaction was complete at that point. The reaction was carefully quenched by slow addition of 66 mL (600 mmol) of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and the quenched mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature – the reaction mixture pH should be about 8-9 after addition of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The reaction yielded 6.86 grams of 2-{4-[2-chloro-l,2-diphenylvinyl]phenoxy}-N,N- diethylethanamine (8). The phases were separated and the organic phase was evaporated in vacuo. The resulting light brown oil was transferred to a tared amber bottle using a small volume of dichloromethane.

[0055] Using these HPLC conditions, the retention time of product is 15 minutes.

Chromatographic Separation of Clomiphene Isomers

Clomiphene (mixture of isomers) in free base form obtained by steps 1 and 2 is loaded onto a chromatographic column (e.g. batch high pressure chromatography or moving bed chromatography) using the same solvent as used in steps 1 and 2 (here DCM) in order to separate the cis- and trans-clomiphene isomers. Trans-clomiphene is preferably eluted using a solvent suitable for recrystallization.

PATENT

Indian (1978), IN 143841

http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19780211&CC=IN&NR=143841B&KC=B

PAPER

Separation of E- and Z-isomers of clomiphene citrate by high-performance liquid chromatography using methenamine as mobile phase modifier
Journal of Chromatography (1984), 298, (1), 172-4.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967301927074

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/CN103351304A?cl=en

SYTHESIS

Patent
US2914562https://www.google.co.in/patents/US2914562

PATENT

US2914529

http://www.google.co.in/patents/US2914529

PAPER

J. Med. Chem.1967, 10, 84–86.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jm00313a017

J. Org. Chem.1983, 48, 2782-2784.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jo00164a036

PAPER

Chem Commun (London) 2015, 51(44): 9133

Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 9133-9136
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC01968K

A transition-metal-free, ambient-pressure, and general methodology for carbonylative Suzuki coupling has been developed.

Graphical abstract: Transition-metal-free, ambient-pressure carbonylative cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with potassium aryltrifluoroborates

CN103351304A *	Jul 1, 2013	Oct 16, 2013	暨明医药科技（苏州）有限公司	Synthesis method of clomiphene
US2914563 *	Aug 6, 1957	Nov 24, 1959	Wm S Merrell Co	Therapeutic composition
US3848030 *	Mar 10, 1972	Nov 12, 1974	Richardson Merrell Spa	Optical isomers of binaphthyl-phosphoric acids
US5681863 *	Dec 5, 1994	Oct 28, 1997	Merrell Pharmaceuticals Inc.	Non-metabolizable clomiphene analogs for treatment of tamoxifen-resistant tumors

Reference
1	*	RAO ET AL.: “Synthesis of carbon-14 labeled clomiphene.“, JOUMAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, vol. 22, no. 3, 1985, pages 245 – 255, XP055180053, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://onlinelibrary. wiley .com/doi/10.1002/jlcr.2580220306/abstract> [retrieved on 20150504]

//////////энкломифен, Enclomiphene citrate, إينكلوميفان , ICI-46476, RMI-16289, nda filed,

New FDA Draft Guidance ‘Data Integrity and Compliance with cGMP’ published

regulatory Comments Off

Apr 292016

In the last years, the topic “data integrity” has become a priority for the FDA. Recently, the Agency has published the draft of a Guidance for Industry on the topic which presents the comprehensive opinion of the FDA on data integrity. Read more about the draft of the Guidance for Industry “Data Integrity and Compliance with cGMP”.

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05311_New-FDA-Draft-Guidance–Data-Integrity-and-Compliance-with-cGMP–published_15555,15527,15062,15064,Z-COVM_n.html

In recent years, the topic “data integrity” has become a priority for European and American inspectors. At the beginning of 2015, the British authority MHRA published a first paper on that topic. Also in 2015, the World Health Organisation WHO issued another significant draft document on data integrity. Recently, the US American FDA has released the draft of a Guidance for Industry entitled “Data Integrity and Compliance with cGMP”. Although the FDA describes the Guidance as a non-binding recommendation, one may assume that the document presents the current thinking of the FDA regarding the topic.

The FDA criticises the fact that more and more cGMP deficiencies with regard to data integrity have been observed during inspections. Those deficiencies have led to a number of follow-up measures like Warning Letters or import alerts.

For the FDA, the integrity of data is one of the main quality issues. In the Guidance, the corresponding reference points in parts 21 CFR 211 and 21 CFR 212 are listed in detail as well as the principles for electronic records laid down in 21 CFR Part 11.

§ 211.68 (requiring that “backup data are exact and complete,” and “secure from 48 alteration, inadvertent erasures, or loss”)
§ 212.110(b) (requiring that data be “stored to prevent deterioration or loss”)
§§ 211.100 and 211.160 (requiring that certain activities be “documented at the time 51 of performance” and that laboratory controls be “scientifically sound”)
§ 211.180 (requiring that records be retained as “original records,” “true copies,” or 53 other “accurate reproductions of the original records”)
§§ 211.188, 211.194, and 212.60(g) (requiring “complete information,” “complete 55 data derived from all tests,” “complete record of all data,” and “complete records of 56 all tests performed”).

The most important topics for the FDA are presented in the quite rare but not unusual form of questions and answers. The document contains 18 questions with their respective answers.

1. Clarification of terms
– What is “data integrity”?
– What is “metadata”?
– What is an “audit trail”?
– How does FDA use the terms “static” and “dynamic” as they relate to record formats?
– How does FDA use the term “backup” in § 211.68(b)?
– What are the “systems” in “computer or related systems” in § 211.68?
2. When is it permissible to exclude CGMP data from decision making?
3. Does each workflow on our computer system need to be validated?
4. How should access to CGMP computer systems be restricted?
5. Why is FDA concerned with the use of shared login accounts for computer systems?
6. How should blank forms be controlled?
7. How often should audit trails be reviewed?
8. Who should review audit trails?
9. Can electronic copies be used as accurate reproductions of paper or electronic records?
10. Is it acceptable to retain paper printouts or static records instead of original electronic records from stand-alone computerized laboratory instruments, such as an FT-IR instrument?
11. Can electronic signatures be used instead of handwritten signatures for master production and control records?
12. When does electronic data become a CGMP record?
13. Why has the FDA cited use of actual samples during “system suitability” or test, prep, or equilibration runs in warning letters?
14. Is it acceptable to only save the final results from reprocessed laboratory chromatography?
15. Can an internal tip regarding a quality issue, such as potential data falsification, be handled informally outside of the documented CGMP quality system?
16. Should personnel be trained in detecting data integrity issues as part of a routine CGMP training program?
17. Is the FDA investigator allowed to look at my electronic records?
18. How does FDA recommend data integrity problems identified during inspections, in warning letters, or in other regulatory actions be addressed?

Source: FDA Draft Guidance for Industry “Data Integrity and Compliance with cGMP”

\//////////New FDA Draft Guidance, Data Integrity, Compliance, cGMP, published

Five new General Chapters in the European Pharmacopoeia on Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceutical APIs

regulatory Comments Off

Apr 292016

During the manufacture of APIs as sulfonate salts, esters of sulfonic acid may develop in undesired chemical side reactions. Recently, five new General Monographs have been included in the European Pharmacopoeia which describe how to cope with these impurities. Read more about these genotoxic impurities and the possibility to control them thanks to risk assessments.

http://www.gmp-compliance.org/enews_05313_Five-new-General-Chapters-in-the-European-Pharmacopoeia-on-Genotoxic-Impurities-in-Pharmaceutical-APIs_15499,S-AYL_n.html

Sulfonic acids are often used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical APIs. They serve as counterions in crystallisation processes, as protective groups or acid catalysts in API syntheses. Here, if short-chain alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol are present, the formation of esters of these sulfonic acids can occur, which may have a genotoxic potential (alkylation of DNA).

The Mesilate Working Party which has been appointed in 2008 by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission has elaborated five General Chapters on different sulfonates which have been published in the European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 8.7 that came into force on 1 April 2016. The General Chapters are as follows:

2.5.37 Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl methanesulfonate in methanesulfonic acid
2.5.38 Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl methanesulfonate in active substances
2.5.39 Methanesulfonyl chloride in methanesulfonic acid
2.5.40 Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl toluenesulfonate in active substances
2.5.41 Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl benzenesulfonate in active substances

As reported in a press release from the EDQM dated 25 February 2016 the completion of Chapter 2.5.41 marks the end of the Mesilate Working Party, as decided by the Ph. Eur. Commission. Simultaneously, the Commission had also decided to revise the section “Production” in APIs-Sulfonates monographs and replace it by an additional standard text according to which the principles of risk management have to be used in the manufacture of APIs with regard to the genotoxic impurities. The text is as follows:

“It is considered that [XXX esters] are genotoxic and are potential impurities in [name of the API]. The manufacturing process should be developed taking into consideration the principles of quality risk management, together with considerations of the quality of starting materials, process capability and validation. The general method [2.5.XX] is available to assist manufacturers.”

Basically, the General Chapters of the European Pharmacopoeia will only be binding when they are referred to in a monograph; the only exception is when the reference made has only a recommendation character. This applies to all these five General Chapters. The purpose of the new text segment in the “Production” sections is to alert the applicant of a marketing authorisation of the risk related to such sulfonates impurities. He / she is not obliged to perform the analytical testing described in the general monographs; it is rather sufficient to strongly justify the absence of these impurities by means of a risk assessment in the application. The ultimate decision whether this justification is suffiicient lies with the assessor of the competent authority.

/////Five new General Chapters, European Pharmacopoeia, Genotoxic Impurities, Pharmaceutical APIs

FDA releases draft guidance on the use of comparability protocols for post approval changes

regulatory Comments Off

Apr 292016

The US FDA released a draft guidance for industry “Comparability Protocols for Human Drugs and Biologics: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Information”. The guidance replaces the draft guidance published in February 2003. It provides recommendations on implementing postapproval changes through the use of comparability protocols (CPs). Read more about FDA´s draft guidance for industry “Comparability Protocols for Human Drugs and Biologics”.

On April 19, 2016, the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) released a draft guidance for industry “Comparability Protocols for Human Drugs and Biologics: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Information”. Comments and suggestions regarding the draft guideline should be submitted within 60 days of publication.

The guidance replaces the draft guidance published in February 2003. It provides recommendations on implementing postapproval changes through the use of comparability protocols (CPs). A CP is a comprehensive, prospectively written plan for assessing the effect of proposed CMC postapproval changes on the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency of a drug product or a biological product. Using a CP in an original application or prior approval supplement (PAS) will, in many cases, facilitate the subsequent implementation and reporting of CMC changes. This could result in moving a product into distribution or facilitating a proactive approach to reinforcing the drug supply chain sooner than without a submitted protocol.

The guidance emphasizes that it is intended to establish a framework to promote continuous improvement in the manufacturing of quality products by encouriging applicants to employ tools of ICH Q8 to Q11:

Effective use of knowledge and understanding of the product and manufacturing process;
A robust control strategy;
Risk management activities over a product´s life cycle;
An effective pharmaceutical quality system.

An FDA approved submission containing a CP provides an applicant with an agreed-upon plan to implement the proposed change(s), and in many cases, justification to report the implementation of the proposed change(s) in a reduced reporting category.

FDAs recommendations for the CP content: The CP submission should provide a comprehensive, detailed plan for the implementation of proposed changes and should include the information described below:

Summary;
Description of and Rationale for the Proposed Changes;
Supporting Information and Analysis (based on knowledge and risk assessments, information from development);
Comparability Protocol for the Proposed Change(s) – the CP should describe the specific tests and studies to be performed, including analytical procedures to be used and criteria to be achieved for the expected results. The level of detail that should be provided will depend on the complexity of the change and the specific risks associated with the change to product quality;
Proposed Reduced reporting category (i.e., an annual report, CBE, or CBE-30);
Other Information.

Additionally, the draft guidance provides a “Questions and Answers” section on CPs in the Appendix, which covers general questions and questions regarding formulation, manufacturing site and process, specification (including analytical methods), packaging, and process analytical technology (PAT) changes.

CPs together with “established conditions” may be effective tools for the overall product life cycle management. They can also facilitate the management of post-approval CMC changes in a more predictable and efficient manner, as it is the intention of the planned ICH Q12 Guideline “Lifecycle Management”. Steps 1 and 2 a/b of ICH Q12 are expected for June 2017.

For more information please visit the ICH website and see the FDA draft guidance for industry “Comparability Protocols for Human Drugs and Biologics: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Information“.

///////draft guidance for industry, Comparability Protocols for Human Drugs and Biologics, Chemistry, Manufacturing, Controls Information, fda

Lurasidone hydrochloride, Jubilant Generics Ltd, WO 2016059649, New patent

PATENTS Comments Off

Apr 282016

Lurasidone

Lurasidone hydrochloride, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd, WO 2016059649, New patent

An improved process for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride

Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd

WO 2016059649

JUBILANT GENERICS LIMITED (FORMERLY JUBILANT LIFE SCIENCES DIVISION) [IN/IN]; Plot 1A, Sector 16 A, NOIDA Uttar Pradesh 201301 (IN)

MISHRA, Vaibhav; (IN).
DUBEY, Shailendr; (IN).
SINGH, Kumber; (IN).
CHOUDHARY, Alka Srivastava; (IN).
VIR, Dharam; (IN)

Disclosed herein is an improved process for the preparation of Lurasidone and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts via novel intermediate and use thereof for the preparation of an antipsychotic agent useful for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Further, present invention provides a cost effective and eco-friendly process for producing Lurasidone hydrochloride of formula (I) substantially free of residual solvent(s) at industrial scale.

Improved process for preparing lurasidone or its hydrochloride, substantially free of residual solvent, useful for treating schizopherenia and bipolar disorder. Also claims novel intermediate of lurasidone eg ((R,R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone) and its preparation method.

In April 2016, Newport Premium™ reported that Jubilant Life Sciences was capable of producing commercial quantities of lurasidone and lists the drug as a molecule available under research and development on the company’s website.

This is the first patenting to be seen from Jubilant Life Sciences that focuses on lurasidone – it having been developed and launched by Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma and EU licensee Takeda, for treating schizophrenia.

May 2, 2014

Neeraj Agrawal: Took charge of API business for Jubilant Life Sciences at the age of 31

Position: CEO Generics, Jubilant Life Sciences

Education: IIIM-C, MBA, 1998; IIT, Bombay, Electrical Engg., 1995.

Previous Jobs: Associate-Business Strategy, Operations Improvement, McKinsey & Co.

Claim to Fame: Took charge of the API business for Jubilant when he was just 31-years-old

Management mantra: It revolves around trust, freedom and teams. I like my team to think and act like an entrepreneur – assess business risks and rewards suitably and then take decisions.

Lurasidone and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts like lurasidone hydrochloride is chemically, (3a ?,45,7 ?,7a5)-2-{ (1 ?,2 ?)-2-[4-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-lyl-methyl] cyclohexylmethyl }hexahydro-4,7-methano-2H-isoindole- 1 ,3 -dione hydrochloride and has the structure represented by the Formula (I):

Formula-I

Lurasidone hydrochloride is marketed in the United States under the trade name Latuda®. Lurasidone and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts as well as process for their preparation was first disclosed in US patent no. 5,532,372. The patent discloses the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride using racemic trans 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid. Racemic trans 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride in THF at reflux temperature forms l,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane which is converted into racemic iran5-l,2-bis(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)cyclohexane by reaction with methane sulfonyl halide. l-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazine on reaction with trans-l, 2-b (methanesulfonyloxymethyl)cyclohexane in the presence of sodium carbonate and acetonitrile forms iran5-3a,7a-octahydroisoindolium-2-spiro- -[4′-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)]piperazine methanesulfonate which on reaction with bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-exo-3-exo-dicarboximide in the presence of potassium carbonate, dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether and xylene on refluxing forms racemic lurasidone free base. The compound is obtained by column chromatography and then treated the resulting lurasidone free base with IPA.HCl in acetone to obtain racemic lurasidone hydrochloride. Resolution of racemic lurasidone hydrochloride is carried out using tartaric acid as resolving agent. The process involves use of lithium aluminium hydride which is highly pyrophoric reagent and is not to utilize the same on commercial scale due to its handling problems associated with its reactivity. Also, the use of the column chromatography for purification is not viable on commercial scale. Further the process involves the usage of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether as a phase transfer catalyst which is costly material and in turn increases the cost of production. Carrying out the resolution in the last stages is difficult due to the presence of six chiral centres in lurasidone and is also not suitable for an industrial scale preparation as it affects the overall yield and cost of the manufacturing process.

Chinese patent application no. CN102731512 discloses a process for preparation of lurasidone which comprises reaction of racemic irans-l,2-bis(methanesulfonyloxymethyl) cyclohexane and l-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazine in toluene in the presence of sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate having particle size less than 200 micron and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide to give the intermediate /rans-3a,7a-octahydroisoindolium-2-spiro- -[4′-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)]piperazinemethanesulfonate which on reaction with bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-exo-3-exo-dicarboximide in toluene using potassium carbonate having particle size less than 200 micron forms racemic lurasidone free base. The racemic free base is converted into racemic hydrochloride salt using acetone and cone, hydrochloric acid. Racemic lurasidone hydrochloride is resolved by following the method disclosed in US patent no. 5,532,372. The process involves resolution of product in the last stage which is not commercially viable as it affects the overall yield and cost of the manufacturing process.

Japanese patent no. JP4219696 discloses the resolution of trans 1,2-cycloheaxne dicarboxylic acid using (lS,2R)-(+)-norephedrine or (lR,2S)-(-)norephedrine to provide (R,R)-trans 1 ,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid. The (R,R)-iran,sl,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid obtained was esterified with ethanol and the obtained ester compound was reduced with vitride to provide (R,R)-l,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane followed by treatment with methane sulfonyl chloride to form (R,R)-1,2-bis(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)cyclohexane. The process requires large quantity of reducing agent viz., for reducing one lg of compound about 5g of reducing agent is required which is not conducive for industrial production.

Chinese patent application no. CN 102952001 discloses a process for the preparation of (lR,2R)cyclohexane-l,2-dimethanol by the reduction of (lR,2R)cyclohexane-l,2-

dicarboxylic acid using sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride and boron triflouoride diethyl ether in THF or diethyl ether as solvent. Boron triflouoride diethyl ether is used in large quantity and quite expensive which makes the process commercially unviable.

International publications no. WO 2012/131606 and WO 2014/037886 disclose a process for preparation of lurasidone which involves separating the racemic transl,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid into its (R,R) trans and (S,S) trans isomers and then using the desired trans (R,R) isomer for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride using the chemistry disclosed in US patent no. 5,532,372 for preparation of racemic lurasidone hydrochloride. In these publications diisobutyl aluminium hydride (DIBAL) is used as the reducing agent for the preparation of (1R,2R) cyclohexane 1,2-dimethanol from (1R,2R) cyclohexane 1,2-dicarboxylic acid which is quite expensive. Further the process involves the usage of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether as a phase transfer catalyst which is costly material and in turn increases the cost of production.

Some of the prior art processes disclose the process for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride from l,2-(lR,2R)-bis-(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)cyclohexane using different solvents and bases.

US patent no. 8,853,395 discloses a process for the preparation of lurasidone in which condensation of iran5-l,2-bis(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)cyclohexane with 1-(1,2-benz isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine and condensation of /rans-3a,7a-octahydroisoindolium-2-spiro- -[4′-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)]piperazine methanesulfonate with bicyclo[2.2.1] heptane-2-exo-3-exo-dicarboximide is carried out using organic bases with a ρ¾ higher than 10 such as l,4-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU), l,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,4-diaza bicyclo[2.2.2] -octane (DABCO). These organic bases are comparatively expensive.

Indian patent application no. IN 2306/MUM/2014 and Chinese patent applications no. CN 102863437 and CN 103864774 disclose the use of dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and N-methyl pyrrolidine (NMP) for the condensation of iran5-3a,7a-octahydroisoindolium-2-spiro- -[4′-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)] piperazine methanesulfonate with bicyclo[2.2.1] heptane-2-exo-3-exo-dicarboximide to form lurasidone. These solvents have high boiling point so not preferred at commercial scale.

Some of the prior art processes are related to reduction of impurities or quality improvement of lurasidone hydrochloride.

International publication no. WO2011/136383 discloses a process for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride in which amount of by products are reduced by increasing the quantity of l-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazine instead of sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate as base in the reaction mixture. Increasing the amount of l-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazine causes an increase in cost of production and removal of excess compound makes the process less commercially viable.

International publication no. WO2011/136384 discloses a process for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride in which amount of by products are reduced by using dibasic potassium phosphate with a small amount of water as a base instead of sodium carbonate. Use of dibasic potassium phosphate as a base causes an increase in cost of production as dibasic potassium phosphate is expensive.

International publication no. WO2013/014665 discloses various processes for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride. In general the process is shown below:

Formula-(I)

In this process iran5-(lR,2R)-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl)methanol of Formula (B) is first reacted with bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-exo-3-exo-dicarboximide of Formula (A) to form (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-2-(((lR,2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)methyl)hexahydro-lH-4,7-methanoisoindole-l,3(2H)-dione of Formula (C) which on reaction with methane sulphonyl chloride followed by reaction with l-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazine of Formula (D) forms lurasidone free base which was converted into lurasidone hydrochloride using acetone and cone, hydrochloric acid.

Some of the prior art processes disclose various combinations of hydrogen chloride and solvent for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride from lurasidone free base.

US 7,605,260 discloses use of acetone and aqueous HC1 having strength 1.8-14.4 % for preparing lurasidone hydrochloride. The yield of lurasidone hydrochloride is relatively low (85%) by this method. If the acid concentration during the salt formation is more than 5.0% then acetone quantity as the residual solvent in the reaction product is found to be greater than 0.5% in our hands which is above the ICH limits. If acid concentration during the salt formation is less than 1.8%, then yield is reduced drastically to 65%. Therefore, this method has limitations on the large-scale industrial production.

Chinese patent application no. CN102746289A discloses the process for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride by adding a mixture of acetone and aqueous HC1 to a solution of lurasidone free base in acetone. On reproducing this process in laboratory, it was observed that the XRPD of the product obtained does not match with XRPD of lurasidone hydrochloride.

Indian patent application IN 777/MUM/2013 discloses use of IPA, water and 35% Aqueous HC1 for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride. The IPA content in the product was found to be more than 5000ppm.

The methods described in the prior art are not suitable for large scale commercial production as the residual solvent is out of the ICH limits and thus the product obtained can’t be used as a drug. In order to keep the residual solvent(s) within ICH limits, repeated crystallization/purification are required which results in reduced yield and make the process quite expensive.

The prior art discloses various processes for the preparation of lurasidone hydrochloride and its intermediates. However, there still remains a need for alternative process for the preparation of lurasidone and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts substantially free of residual solvent(s) which can be used as a drug.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, novel process for the preparation of the compound of Formula (III), their isomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprises condensing 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid of Formula (II), their isomers with carbonyl diimidazole, optionally in a solvent.

(IV)

Formula (III)

NaBH₄ RT /H₂0

Formula (VII)

Scheme-1:

Example-1

Synthesis of trans(R,R)-l,2-cyclo exane dicarboxylic acid

A round bottom flask was charged with methanol (500 mL), IPA (500 mL) and trans (racemic)-l,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid (100 g). In this reaction mass (R)-l-phenylethyl amine (74 mL) was added over a period of 30 minutes and stirred for 2-3 hrs at 30-40 °C. The solid obtained was filtered, washed with methanol and IPA solution (50+50 mL) and dried under reduced pressure to obtain crude salt of iran5(R,R)-l,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid. The obtained salt was stirred in a solution of methanol (500 mL) and IPA (500 mL) at 65-70 °C for 2-3 hours, cooled to room temperature and filtered. The solid was washed with methanol and IPA solution (50+50 mL) and dried under reduced pressure. The solid thus obtained was dissolved in about 2N hydrochloric acid and extracted two times with ethyl acetate (1000 mL+200 mL). Organic layers were combined and washed with brine solution (100 mL). Ethyl acetate was distilled off under vacuum at 50-55 °C and cyclohexane was added to the residue. The solid separated out was filtered and washed with cyclohexane and dried under vacuum at 45-50 °C for 8-10 hours. Yield = 29.4 g

Example-2

Synthesis of ((R,R)-cyclohexane-L2-diyl)bis((lH-imidazol-l-yl)methanone)

To a solution of iran5(R,R)-l,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid (25.0 g) in THF (250 mL), carbonyl diimidazole (60 g) is added and stirred for one hour at 25-30 °C . To the said solution of (R,R)2-(((lH-imidazole-lcarbonyl)oxy)carbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acetic anhydride lH-imidazole (25.0 g) in THF (250 mL) is stirred for one hour at 45-50 °C. The compound obtained is isolated and is characterized by mass and NMR.

[m z = 272.75; 1H-NMR: 8.24 (s, 2H), 7.72 (d, 2H); 7.50 (d, 2H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 2.26-1.50 (m, 8H)]

Example-3

Synthesis of tra»,s(R,R)-l,2- bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane

To a solution of ((R,R)-cyclohexane-l,2-diyl)bis((lH-imidazol-l-yl)methanone) (25 g) in THF (250 mL), sodium borohydride (22.0 g) followed by water (44.0 mL) are added and stirred for one hour. To this reaction mass, 10% solution of acetic acid (500 mL) and dichloromethane (500 mL) are added, stirred and layers separated. The organic layer is washed with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution followed by water. The dichloromethane is distilled off from organic layer under vacuum to give an oily mass. To the oily mass

dichloromethane (100 mL), water (100 mL) and 12.5mL cone, hydrochloric acid (35%) are added, stirred and layers obtained are separated. The dichloromethane is distilled off completely from organic layer at 40 °C to obtain oily mass (15.5 g).

Example-4

One pot process for synthesis of trans(R,R)-l,2- bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane from trans(R,R)-l,2-cyclo exane dicarboxylic acid

To a solution of iran5(R,R)-l,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid (25.0 g) in THF (250 mL), carbonyl diimidazole (60 g) was added and stirred for one hour at 25-30 °C. To the intermediate obtained sodium borohydride (22.0 g) and water (44.0 mL) were added and stirred for one hour. To this reaction mass, 10% solution of acetic acid (500 mL) and dichloromethane (500 mL) were added, stirred and layers separated. The aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane (250 mL). The organic layer was washed with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution followed by water. The dichloromethane is distilled off from organic layer under vacuum to give an oily mass. To the oily mass dichloromethane (100 mL), water (100 mL) and 12.5mL cone, hydrochloric acid (35%) were added, stirred and layers obtained were separated. The dichloromethane was distilled off completely at 40 °C to obtain oily mass (15.5 g).

Example-5

Synthesis of m¾ns(R,R)- 2-bis(methanesulfonylmethyl) cyclohexane

To a suspension of irafts(R,R)-l,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane (15.0g) in dichloro methane (300 mL), triethyl amine (43.7 mL) followed by methane sulphonyl chloride (17.8 mL) were added over a period of 30-45 minutes. Reaction mass was stirred for 2-3 hrs. Reaction was monitored by HPLC (RI detector). After the completion of reaction, water was added, stirred and layers separated. The organic layer was washed with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution (150 mL) followed by water (150 mL). The dichloromethane was distilled off from organic layer under vacuum at 40-55 °C to give an oily mass. Methanol (30 mL) was added to the oily mass and strip off under vacuum at 40°C, added methanol (150 mL) and stirred for 1 h at 10-15°C and the solid obtained was filtered, washed with methanol (15 mL) and dried under vacuum to get the product (15.8g).

Example-6

Synthesis of ?ran (R,R)-3aJ(¾-octahvdroisoindolium-2-spiro- -r4-(L2-benzoisothiazole-3-yl)l piperazine methanesulfonate:

To a suspension of iran5(R,R)-l,2-bis(methanesulfonylmethyl)cyclohexane (15 g) in acetonitrile (150 mL) l-(l,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazine (10.95g) and sodium carbonate (7.8 g) were added, heated and stirred for 20 hrs at reflux temperature. Reaction was monitored by HPLC. After the completion of reaction, mass was cooled to 40-45 °C, filtered and washed with acetonitrile (20 mL). The acetonitrile was distilled off under vacuum at 45-50 °C. To the residue acetone (100 mL) was added, stirred for 1 hour, filtered, washed with acetone (10 mL), dried at 50-55°C for 6-8 hours to get the product (12.5 g).

Example-7

Synthesis of Lurasidone

To a suspension of iran5(R,R)-3<3,7(3-octahydroisoindolium-2-spiro- -[4-(l,2-benzo isothiazole-3-yl)]piperazinemethanesulfonate (10 g) in toluene (150 mL), bicycle[2.2.1] heptane-2-exo-3-exo-dicarboximide (5.9 g) and potassium carbonate (4.8 g) were added, heated to 110° C and stirred for 8-10 hours. Reaction was monitored by HPLC. After the completion of reaction, reaction mass was cooled to 20-30 °C, filtered and washed with toluene (10 mL). The toluene was distilled off at 55-60°C. To the residue IPA (100 mL) was added and stirred for 1-2 hours at room temperature. Lurasidone free base obtained was filtered and washed with IPA (10 mL). The solid was suck dried for 30 minutes to obtain lurasidone.

Example-8

Synthesis of Lurasidone hydrochloride

To lurasidone base (5g), acetone (75mL) and water (10 mL) were added. The mixture was heated to 55-60°C followed by the addition of IPA.HCl (10%) (lOmL) and stirred for 1-2 hours, reflux temperature. The clear solution obtained was stirred for 30 min and then 5ml IPA.HCl (10%) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 30 min, cooled and stirred for 60 min. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with acetone (5ml) and dried under vacuum at 60°C for 8 hours.

Acetone: 542 ppm; IPA= 38ppm; Yield=93%

Example-9

Synthesis of Lurasidone hydrochloride

To lurasidone base (5g), acetone (75mL) and water (5 mL) were added. The mixture was heated to 55-60°C followed by the addition of IPA.HCl (10%) (5mL) and stirred for about 1-2 hours. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. at 55-60°C, cooled and stirred for 60 min. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with acetone (5ml) and dried under vacuum at 70-80°C for 8 hours.

Jubilant Generics Limited

Pharmaceutical Company

Address: 18, 56, 57 and 58, KIADB Industrial Area, Nanjangud, Mysuru, Karnataka 571302

Chairman's Message

Chairman & Managing Director
Jubilant Bhartia Group Shyam, together with his brother Hari, is founder of Jubilant Bhartia Group (www.jubilantbhartia.com) headquartered in New Delhi, India. The Jubilant Bhartia Group, with 30,000 employees, has a strong presence in diverse sectors like Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences, Oil and Gas (exploration and production), Agri products, Performance Polymers, Retail, Food and Consulting in Aerospace and Oilfield Services. Jubilant Bhartia Group has four flagships Companies- Jubilant Life Sciences Limited, Jubilant FoodWorks Limited and Jubilant Industries Limited, listed on Indian Stock Exchange and Jubilant Energy NV, listed at AIM market of London Exchange.Shyam, holds a bachelors’ degree in commerce from St. Xavier’s College, Calcutta University, and is a qualified cost and works accountant & a fellow member of the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI).Shyam has been associated with various institutions and has served as Member of Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai, and Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad. Shyam has also served as a Member of the Executive Committee of Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) & Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and was also a member of Task Force on Chemicals appointed by the Government of IndiaShyam’s immense contributions have been recognized by various awards. CHEMEXCIL has conferred Lifetime Achievement Award 2010-11 to him. He, along with his brother, was felicitated with the Entrepreneur of the Year Award at the prestigious AIMA Managing India Awards 2013, presented by the President of India. In 2010, the duo also shared the much-covetedErnst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Life Sciences & Consumer Products category.Shyam serves on the Board of several Public and Private and Foreign companies likes of Chambal Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd, Putney Inc., CFCL Technologies Limited (Cayman Islands), Tower Promoters, BT Telecom India Pvt Ltd., American Orient Capital Partners India Pvt Ltd, IMACID, Morocco, Safe Food Corporation, etc. He was also a Director on the Board of Air India.Shyam is a regular participant at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos and a member of the Chemical Governors Council of the World Economic Forum.Shyam is married to Shobhana, Former Member of Parliament & Chairperson, The Hindustan Times Media Ltd. They have two sons- Priyavrat and Shamit.

ISO Certification

ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001:2007 certified

Code of Conduct

Code Of Conduct for Directors and Senior ManagementThis Code of Conduct highlights the standards of conduct expected from the Company’s Directors and Senior Management so as to align these with the Company’s Vision, Promise and Values.Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd. (Jubilant) has a well formulated Vision which drives the business and has the promise of Caring, Sharing, Growing to all the stakeholders–We will, with utmost care for the environment, continue to enhance value for our customers by providing innovative products and economically efficient solutions and for our shareholders through sales growth, cost effectiveness and wise investment of resources.

Director’s Desk

Co-Chairman & Managing Director
Jubilant Bhartia Group
Hari, together with his brother Shyam, is co-founder of Jubilant Bhartia Group (www.jubilantbhartia.com) headquartered in New Delhi, India.The Jubilant Bhartia Group, with 30,000 employees, has a strong presence in diverse sectors like Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences, Oil and Gas (exploration and production), Agri products, Performance Polymers, Retail, Food and Consulting in Aerospace and Oilfield Services. Jubilant Bhartia Group has four flagships Companies- Jubilant Life Sciences Limited, Jubilant FoodWorksLimited and Jubilant Industries Limited, listed on Indian Stock Exchange and Jubilant Energy NV, listed at AIM market of London Exchange.A Chemical Engineering Graduate from the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, Hari was conferred the Distinguished Alumni award by his alma mater in 2000. He has been associated in various capacities with the IIT system and with the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.Hari is a past President of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) & a member of several educational, scientific and technological programmes of the Government of India. He is currently the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Raipur and Member of the International Advisory Board of McGill University, Canada.Hari is the Co-Chairman of India-Canada CEO’s Forum appointed by the Prime Minister of India. He is also a member of CEO’s Forum for India-USA, India-France and India-Sri Lanka and Joint Task Force for India-Myanmar & India-UAE. He is a regular participant at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos and is a member of the World Economic Forum’s International Business Council and the Health Governors.Hari’s immense contributions have been recognized by various awards. He, along with his brother, was felicitated with the Entrepreneur of the Year Award at the prestigious AIMA Managing India Awards 2013, presented by the President of India. In 2010, the duo also shared the much-coveted Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Life Sciences & Consumer Products category.Hari serves on the board of several public and private companies like TV 18 Broadcast Ltd., Shriram Pistons & Rings Ltd., Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd., BT Telecom India Pvt. Ltd & India Brand Equity Foundation.Hari is married to Kavita, a leading Fashion Designer and Retailer. They have a daughter, Aashti and a son, Arjun.

Executive Leadership Team

Shyam S Bhartia

Chairman
Hari S Bhartia

Co-Chairman & Managing Director
Shyamsundar Bang

Executive Director –Manufacturing & Supply Chain
R Sankaraiah

Executive Director – Finance
Pramod Yadav

Co-CEO
Life Science Ingredients
Rajesh Srivastava

Co-CEO
Life Science Ingredients
G. P. Singh

Fine Chemicals and CRAMS
CEO – Jubilant Pharma
Chandan Singh

President – Life Science Chemicals
Martyn Coombs

President – Jubilant DraxImage
Bryan Downey

President – Allergy Business
T. S. Parmar

President – India Branded Pharmaceuticals
Dr. Ashutosh Agarwal

Chief Scientific Officer –Chemicals and Life Science Ingredients
Ajay Khanna

Chief – Strategic & Public Affairs