AUTHOR OF THIS BLOG

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, WORLDDRUGTRACKER

Clazosentan

 phase 2, Uncategorized  1 Response »
Jan 222014
 

Clazosentan

IUPAC Name: N-[6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-[2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)
pyridin-4-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-methylpyridine-2-sulfonamide

5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2- methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(2-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl-pyridin-4-yl)- pyrimidin-4-ylamide

5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-[2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-pyridine-4-yl]-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amide

VASODILATOR, Endothelin -1 – receptor antagonist

Clazosentan (Ro61-1790, AXV-034343)

  • AXV 034
  • AXV 034343
  • AXV-034343
  • AXV-343434
  • Clazosentan
  • Ro 61-1790
  • Ro-61-1790
  • UNII-3DRR0X4728
  • VML 588
  • VML-588

180384-56-9  cas no

CLINICAL TRIALS…http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=CLAZOSENTAN  in phase 3

Formula: C25H23N9O6S
Molecular Weight: 577.5718

Endothelin type-A receptor antagonist for the treatment of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Selective endothelin receptor antagonist (Pivlaz)

Acteliion…… innovator

Clazosentan is a drug with orphan drug status , which since 2007, currently in Phase III clinical trials CONSCIOUS-2 ( Clazosentan to O vercome N euro logical i SC Hemia and I nfarct O cc U rring after S ubarachnoid hemorrage) is located. It is for  treatment of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage are used (SAH).

Clazosentan is used by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Actelion developed. Medicinally, the disodium salt is used.Clazosentan to come under the name Pivlaz on the market.

The endothelin -1 – receptor is one of the strongest known vasoconstrictors . Clazosentan is an E -1 – receptor antagonist , for the treatment of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage is under development. After subarachnoid hemorrhage , an irritation of theblood vessels to a vasospasm and the associated to a reduced supply of brain tissue with oxygen lead. A possible consequence may be a Ischemic stroke be. Clazosentan acts this vasoconstriction contrary.

The plasma half-life of 6-10  min .

Actelion has initiated a comprehensive global phase IIb/III development program for clazosentan sodium (formerly Ro-61-1790, VML-588, …

CLAZOSENTAN

CLAZOSENTAN

CLAZOSENTAN DI-NA SALT is discontinued

Clazosentan, shown below, is a well known endothelin receptor antagonist.

 

Figure US20090069352A1-20090312-C00001

 

Since clazosentan is a known and useful pharmaceutical, it is desirable to discover novel derivatives thereof. Clazosentan is described in European Patent No. 0,799,209

IT IS DESCRIBED IN US6103902

US6004965 * Dec 8, 1995 Dec 21, 1999 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Sulfonamides
WO1996019459A1 * Dec 8, 1995 Jun 27, 1996 Volker Breu Novel sulfonamides

 

8-13-1998
Pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as endothelin antagonists. 3. Discovery of a potent, 2-nonaryl, highly selective ETA antagonist (A-216546).
Journal of medicinal chemistry

 

7-23-2009
In silico prediction of volume of distribution in human using linear and nonlinear models on a 669 compound data set.
Journal of medicinal chemistry

………………………………………………………..

SYNTHESIS

EP0799209B1

EXAMPLE 15

a) In analogy to Example 1a), from 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide there is obtained 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide, melting point 188-190

b) In analogy to Example 2, from 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide there is obtained 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 2-(2-cyano-pyridin-4-yl)-6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide.

……………………………………………..

SYNTHESIS

 

<br /> Clazosentan<br /> pk_prod_list.xml_prod_list_card_pr?p_tsearch=A&p_id=239030<br />

 

4-Cyanopyridine (I) is reacted with ammonium chloride in methanolic NaOMe to afford the amidine (II), which is cyclized with diethyl (2-methoxyphenoxy)malonate (III) producing the dihydroxypyrimidine (IV). Chlorination of (IV) in hot POCl3, followed by oxidation of the obtained dichloropyrimidine (V) with peracetic acid leads to the pyridine N-oxide (VI). Subsequent condensation of the dichloropyrimidine derivative (VI) with the potassium salt of 5-methylpyridine-2-sulfonamide (VII) yields the sulfonamido pyrimidine (VIII). The remaining chloride group of (VIII) is then displaced with the sodium alkoxide of ethylene glycol in hot DME to furnish the hydroxyethyl ether (IX). Treatment of the pyridine N-oxide (IX) with cyanotrimethylsilane and Et3N in refluxing acetonitrile gives rise to the 2-cyanopyridine (X), which is finally converted to the title tetrazole derivative by treatment with sodium azide in the presence of NH4Cl in DMF (1).

………………………………………………………….

SYNTHESIS OF DISODIUM SALT OF CLAZOSENTAN

US6103902

Figure 00050001

DESCRIBED IN WO 9619459.

Figure 00050002

Figure 00060001

  • III is reacted with a compound of formula V
    Figure 00060002
  • The reaction type is known in the art and may be performed under basic conditions for example in the presence of a coupling agent, e.g. 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane, together with potassium carbonate in acetone.

EXAMPLE 1

1360 ml of formamide were added to 136 g (437 mmol) of 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridine-4-yl-pyrimidine-4,6-diole. Then, at a temperature of 0 acid and thereafter 36.5 g (130 mmol) of iron(II)sulfate heptahydrate were added to the suspension. After that, 89 ml (874 mmol) of 30% hydrogen peroxide were added dropwise within 1 hr at a temperature of 0 to 5 0 sodium pyrosulfite in 680 ml of de-ionized water was added dropwise to the reaction mixture within 30 min. at 0 reaction mixture was stirred at 0 The suspension was then filtered under reduced pressure. The filtrate was first washed with 1750 ml of de-ionized water and thereafter with 700 ml of ethanol. Then the solid was dried at 80 There were obtained 132.4 g (91% of theory) of 4-[4,6-dihydroxy -5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-2-yl]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide with a HPLC purity of 91.4% (w/w).

Preparation of Starting Material

a) 53.1 g of 4-cyano-pyridine (98%) are added all at once to a solution of 1.15 g of sodium in 200 ml of abs. MeOH. After 6 hr 29.5 g of NH.sub.4 Cl are added while stirring vigorously. The mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. 600 ml of ether are added thereto, whereupon the precipitate is filtered off under suction and thereafter dried at 50 4-amidino-pyridine hydrochloride (decomposition point 245-247

b) 112.9 g of diethyl (2-methoxyphenoxy)malonate are added dropwise within 30 min. to a solution of 27.60 g of sodium in 400 ml of MeOH. Thereafter, 74.86 g of the amidine hydrochloride obtained in a) are added all at once. The mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight and evaporated at 50 of ether and filtered off under suction. The filter cake is dissolved in 1000 ml of H.sub.2 O and treated little by little with 50 ml of CH.sub.3 COOH. The precipitate is filtered off under suction, washed with 400 ml of H.sub.2 O and dried at 80 obtained 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(pyridine-4-yl)-pyrimidine-4,6-diole (or tautomer), melting point above 250

EXAMPLE 2

Within 20 min. 61 ml (633 mmol) of POCl.sub.3 were added dropwise to 34 ml (200 mmol) of diisopropyl ethylamine at 5 followed by stirring at 5 23.5 g (66 mmol) of 4-[4,6-dihydroxy-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-2-yl]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide were added in four portions under cooling followed by stirring at 90 to 20 dichloromethane. Volatile components (i.e. excess of POCl.sub.3) was removed by evaporation from 20 re-distillation with 100 ml of toluene. After adding 250 ml of dichloromethane to the residue (88 g of a black oil) the solution was heated to 35 were added dropwise within 30 min. whereby the pH was kept constant by the subsequent addition of 28% NaOH solution (60 ml) within 5 to 6 hr. The mixture was stirred at 35 by removal of dichloromethane by distillation. The resulting suspension was allowed to cool down to 20 hr. The solid was filtered off under suction, washed with 500 ml of water and dried at 70 (86% of theory) of 4-[4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-2-yl]-pyridine-2-carbonitrile with a HPLC purity of 94.3% (w/w).

EXAMPLE 3

12.5 g (33.5 mmol) of 4-[4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-2-yl]-pyridine-2-carbonitrile and 6.06 g (35 mmol) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonamide were added to 130 ml of acetone. 15 g of potassium carbonate and 190 mg (1.6 mmol) of 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane were added and the suspension was stirred at 40 de-ionized water were added followed by dropwise addition of 50 ml of 3 N hydrochloric acid (pH of the solution=1). Acetone was removed by evaporation and the suspension was stirred for 1 hr. The solid was filtered and washed with 100 ml of water. The residue was heated (reflux) in 100 ml of methanol for 1 hr followed by cooling to 20 solid was filtered and dried at 80 were obtained 16.0 g (93% of theory) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-2-(2-cyano-pyridine-4-yl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amide with a HPLC purity of 90.3% (w/w).

 

EXAMPLE 5

20 g (39 mmol) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-2-(2-cyano-pyridine-4-yl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amide were suspended in 100 ml of N,N-dimethyl formamide and 7.6 ml (156 mmol) of hydrazine hydrate were added within 15 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up slowly to 20 temperature of 15 followed by slow addition of 10.5 ml acetic acid (until pH=5.4). The resulting suspension was stirred for 2 hr at 20 additional 2 hr 0 firstly washed with 200 ml of de-ionized water and thereafter with 100 ml of t-butylmethylether. The residue was dried at 40 18 hr. There were obtained 21.7 g (102% of theory) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-2-[2-(hydrazino-imino-methyl)-pyridine-4-yl]-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amide with a HPLC purity of 81.4% (w/w).

 

EXAMPLE 7

20 g (37 mmol) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-2-[2-(hydrazino-imino-methyl)-pyridine-4-yl]-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amide were added to 160 ml of N,N-dimethyl formamide. To this solution was added dropwise 23 ml of 6 N aqueous hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 15 mmol) of sodium nitrite in 20 ml de-ionized water was added slowly. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to 20 for 1.5 hr. Then 160 ml of de-ionized water were added and the suspension was stirred for 1 hr. The solid was filtered off under suction, washed with 100 ml of de-ionized water and dried at 50 hr. There were obtained 18.9 g (92% of theory) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-[2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-pyridine-4-yl]-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amide with a HPLC purity of 89.6% (w/w).

 

EXAMPLE 9

15 g (27 mmol) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-[2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-pyridine-4-yl]-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amide were suspended in 75 ml of ethylene glycol and 6.5 g (163 mmol) of sodium hydroxide were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 85 thereafter 55 ml of 3 N aqueous hydrochloric acid were added dropwise. The suspension was stirred at 20 off under suction, washed with 150 ml of de-ionized water and dried at 70 in 50 ml of N,N-dimethyl formamide and 40 ml of dioxane at 70 Gaseous ammonia was introduced into this solution until pH=9. The resulting suspension was allowed to cool down slowly. The suspension was stirred at 0 washed with 25 ml of dioxane and thereafter with 25 ml of ethanol. Then the solid was dried at 50 ammonium salt (10.4 g, 17.5 mmol) was suspended in 50 ml of methanol and thereafter 6.5 ml (35 mmol) of a 5.4 N sodium methylate solution were added. The solution was heated (reflux) for 3 hr, cooled down slowly to 20 filtering, washed with 10 ml of ice-cold methanol and dried at 70 C., 2000 Pa for 17 hr. There were obtained 6.9 g (41% of theory) of 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid [6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-[2-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-pyridine-4-yl]-pyrimidine-4-yl]-amidesodium salt (1:2) with a HPLC purity of 98.2% (w/w).

 

This application claims benefit to EP 98114978.4 filed Aug. 10, 1998.

 SIMILAR SYNTHESIS OF TEZOSENTAN  AND INTERMEDIATES… AN EXPERT WILL PICK UP NAMES AND INTERMEDIATES… just change the isopropyl gp in vii to methyl

Reaction of 4-cyano-pyridine (I) with Na in methanol followed by treatment with ammonium chloride provides 4-amidino-pyridine hydrochloride (II), which is then converted into 5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine-4,6-diol (IV) by condensation with diethyl malonate derivative (III) by means of Na in MeOH. By heating compound (IV) with phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidine (V) is obtained, which in turn is oxidized with peracetic acid in refluxing acetonitrile to afford N-oxide derivative (VI). Condensation of (VI) with 5-isopropylpyridine-2-sulfonamide potassium (VII) furnishes 5-isopropylpyridine-2-sulfonic acid 6-chloro-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl amide (VIII), which is then dissolved in dimethoxyethane and subjected to reaction with Na in hot ethylene glycol (IX) to provide N-[6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-isopropylpyridine-2-sulfonamide (X). Refluxing of (X) with trimethylsilylcyanide and Et3N in acetonitrile yields cyano derivative (XI), which is then converted into the tetrazole derivative (XII) by reaction with sodium azide and NH4Cl in DMF at 70 C. Finally, the disodium salt of tezosentan is obtained by treatment of (XII) with Na/MeOH in THF.

………………………………..

SYNTHESIS

WO1996019459A1

Example 29

In analogy to Example 3, from 5-methyl-pyridine-2- sulphonic acid 2-(2-cyano-pyridin-4-yl)-6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)- 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide there is obtained 5-methyl-pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2- methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(2-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl-pyridin-4-yl)- pyrimidin-4-ylamide as a white substance of melting point 239- 241 °C from CH3CN

Exgmple, 1 5

a) In analogy to Example l a), from 5-methyl-pyridine-2- sulphonic acid 6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(1 -oxy- pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide there is obtained 5-methyl- pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy- phenoxy)-2-(l -oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide, melting point 188-190°C (from acetonitrile).

b) In analogy to Example 2, from 5-methyl-pyridine-2- sulphonic acid 6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2- (1 -oxy-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide there is obtained 5- methyl-pyridine-2-sulphonic acid 2-(2-cyano-pyridin-4-yl)-6- (2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4- ylamide

Example 1

a) 200 ml of dimethoxyethane and 1 10.9 g of 4-[4-(4-tert- butyl-phenyl-sulphonylamino)-6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)- pyrimidin-2-yl]-pyridine 1 -oxide are added all at once to a solution of 23.80 g of sodium in 660 ml of ethylene glycol. The solution is heated at 90°C for 20 hours while stirring, thereafter cooled, poured into 2500 ml of H2O and thereafter treated with CH3COOH to pH 5. The mixture is extracted three times with EtOAc, the organic phase is washed with H2O, dried with Na2Sθ4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue is recrystall- ized from CH3CN and thereafter twice from a mixture of acetone and CH3CN. There is thus obtained 4-[4-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl- sulphonylamino)-6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)- pyrimidin-2-yl]-pyridine 1 -oxide.

Preparation of the starting material:

b) 53.1 g of 4-cyano-pyridine (98%) are added all at once to a solution of 1.15 g of sodium in 200 ml of abs. MeOH. After

6 hours 29.5 g of NH4CI are added while stirring vigorously. The mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. 600 ml of ether are added thereto, whereupon the precipitate is filtered off under suction and thereafter dried at 50°C under reduced pressure. There is thus obtained 4-amidino-pyridine hydro- chloride (decomposition point 245-247°C).

c) 1 12.9 g of diethyl (2-methoxyphenoxy)malonate are added dropwise within 30 minutes to a solution of 27.60 g of sodium in 400 ml of MeOH. Thereafter, 74.86 g of the amidine hydro- chloride obtained in b) are added all at once. The mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight and evaporated at 50°C under reduced pressure. The residue is treated with 500 ml of ether and filtered off under suction. The filter cake is dissolved in 1000 ml of H2O and treated little by little with 50 ml of CH3COOH. The precipitate is filtered off under suction, washed with 400 ml of H2O and dried at 80°C under reduced pressure. There is thus obtained 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)- pyrimidine-4,6-diol (or tautomer), melting point above 250°C.

d) A suspension of 1 54.6 g of 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2- (pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine-4,6-diol (or tautomer) in 280 ml of POCI3 is heated at 120°C in an oil bath for 24 hours while stirring vigorously. The reaction mixture changes gradually into a dark brown liquid which is evaporated under reduced pressure and thereafter taken up three times with 500 ml of toluene and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in 1000 ml of CH2CI2, treated with ice and H2O and thereafter adjusted with 3N NaOH until the aqueous phase has pH 8. The organic phase is separated and the aqueous phase is extracted twice with CH2CI2. The combined CH2CI2 extracts are dried with MgSθ4, evaporated to half of the volume, treated with 1000 ml of acetone and the CH2CI2 remaining is distilled off at normal pressure. After standing in a refrigerator for 2 hours the crystals are filtered off under suction and dried at 50°C overnight. There is thus obtained 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)- pyrimidine, melting point 1 78-1 80°C.

e) A solution of 1 7.4 g of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy- phenoxy)-2-pyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidine in 100 ml of CH3CN is boiled at reflux for 3 hours with 1 5 ml of a 32% peracetic acid solution, thereafter cooled and stored in a refrigerator overnight. The crystals are filtered off under suction and dried at 50°C under reduced pressure. There is thus obtained 4-[4,6-dichloro- 5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-2-yl]-pyridine 1 -oxide, melting point 189-1 90°C.

 

for analogy

f) A solution of 36.4 g of 4-[4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxy- phenoxy)-pyrimidin-2-yl]-pyridine 1 -oxide and 52.8 g of p-tert- butylphenyl-sulphonamide potassium in 1 50 ml of abs. DMF is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Thereafter, it is poured into a mixture of 1 500 ml of H2O and 1000 ml of ether while stirring mechanically, whereby a precipitate forms. The suspension is adjusted to pH 5 with CH3COOH, suction filtered, the crystals are washed with cold water and thereafter with ether and dried at 50°C. There is thus obtained 4-[4-(4-tert- butyl-phenylsulphonylamino)-6-chloro-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)- pyrimidin-2-yl]-pyridine 1 -oxide as a colourless material of melting point 247-249°C.
Example 2

A solution of 78.45 g of 4-[4-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl- sulphonylamino)-6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)- pyrimidin-2-yl]-pyridine 1 -oxide, 122.5 g of trimethylsilyl cyanide, 127.8 g of triethylamine and 1200 ml of CH3CN is boiled at reflux for 20 hours and thereafter evaporated under reduced pressure. The oily residue is taken up in 1000 ml of EtOAc and the solution is washed with CH3COOH:H2θ 9:1 and then with H2O. The EtOAc extracts are dried with Na2SO4. After evaporation of the solvent the residue is taken up in a mixture of CH3CN and CF3COOH (20:1 ), whereby a crystalline precipitate separates. There is thus obtained 4-tert-butyl-N-[2-(2-cyano-pyridin-4- yl)-6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidin-4- yl]-benzenesulphonamide of melting point 176-1 79°C.

Example 3

A suspension of 50.0 g of 4-tert-butyl-N-[2-(2-cyano- pyridin-4-yl)-6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-benzenesulphonamide, 46.33 g of NH4CI and 56.47 g of NaN3 in 1600 ml of DMF is heated to 70°C for 24 hours while stirring vigorously. The majority of the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure, the residue is dissolved in H2O, the solution is extracted four times at pH 6.5 with ether, thereafter treated with CH3COOH to pH = 4.5 and extracted with EtOAc. After working up there is obtained a residue which is treated with ether and filtered off under suction therefrom. There is thus obtained 4-tert-butyl-N-[6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2- methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(2-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl-pyridin-4-yl)- pyrimidin-4-yl]-benzenesulphonamide, melting point 225-227°C.

////////////////////////////////

EXTRA INFO

Bosentan (Ro-470203), Atransentan (ABT627), Tezosentan (Ro-610612), Sitaxsentan (TBC-11251), Darusentan (LU-135252), Clazosentan (Ro61-1790, AXV-034343), ZD-4054, Ambrisentan (LU-208075), TAK-044, Avosentan (SPP301), and BQ-123 (Ihara et al Life Sci 1992, 50(4):247-55).

Antagonists of Endothelin type A receptor ETA
Name Structure
BQ-123
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00001
Bosentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00002
Atrasentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00003
Tezosentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00004
Sitaxsentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00005
Darusentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00006
Clazosentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00007
ZD-4054 (Zibotentan)
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00008
Ambrisentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00009
Tak-044
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00010
Avosentan
Figure US20120202744A1-20120809-C00011

 

 

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Valspodar, PSC-833

 Phase 3 drug, Uncategorized  Comments Off on Valspodar, PSC-833
Jan 202014
 

PSC833(Valspodar)

Valspodar, SDZ-PSC-833, PSC-833, Amdray

P-Glycoprotein (MDR-1; ABCB1) Inhibitors , Multidrug Resistance Modulators

Valspodar is a cyclosporine derivative and a P-glycoprotein inhibitor currently in phase III clinical trials at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of leukemia. The drug was also being developed in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of various other types of cancers, however, no recent developments on these trials have been reported.

P-glycoprotein is an ABC-transporter protein that has been implicated in conferring multidrug resistance to tumor cells. In previous trials, valspodar was associated with greater disease-free and overall survival in younger patients (45 years or below), and was shown to significantly increase the cellular uptake of daunorubicin in leukemic blast cells in vivo. However, in a phase III trial examining the drug candidate’s effects on AML in patients at least 60 years of age, valspodar was associated with excessive mortality and complete remission rates were higher in groups not treated with the compound.

Nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215.

M.Wt: 1214.62
Formula: C63H111N11O12

CAS : 121584-18-7

IUPAC/Chemical name: 

(3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18S,21S,24S,30S,33S)-6,9,18,24-tetraisobutyl-3,21,30-triisopropyl-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-33-((R,E)-2-methylhex-4-enoyl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecaazacyclotritriacontan-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecaone

6 – [(2S, 4R, 6E)-4-Methyl-2-(methylamino)-3-oxo-6-octenoic acid]-7-L-valine-cyclosporin A; Cyclo [[(2S, 4R, 6E) -4-methyl-2-(methylamino)-3-oxo-6-octenoyl]-L-valyl-N-methylglycyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-L- alanyl-D-alanyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-Nm

[3′-oxo-4-butenyl-4-methyl-Thr1]-[Val2]-cyclosporine

Novartis (Originator), National Cancer Institute (Codevelopment)
Modulators of the Therapeutic Activity of Antineoplastic Agents, Multidrug Resistance Modulators, ONCOLYTIC DRUGS, P-Glycoprotein (MDR-1) Inhibitors
Phase III

Clinical trials

http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=psc+833

Synonyms

  • 3′-Keto-bmt(1)-val(2)-cyclosporin A
  • Amdray
  • Psc 833
  • PSC-833
  • PSC833
  • SDZ PSC 833
  • Sdz-psc-833
  • UNII-Q7ZP55KF3X
  • Valspodar

Valspodar or PSC833 is an experimental cancer treatment and chemosensitizer drug.[1] It is a derivative of ciclosporin D.

Its primary use is that of a p-glycoprotein inhibitor. Previous studies in animal models have found it to be effective at preventing cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutics, but these findings did not translate to clinical success.[2]
Valspodar, also known as PSC-833 is an analogue of cyclosporin-A. Valspodar inhibits p-glycoprotein, the multidrug resistance efflux pump, thereby restoring the retention and activity of some drugs in some drug-resistant tumor cells. This agent also induces caspase-mediated apoptosis.
PSC-833 is a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin derivative that potently and specifically inhibits P-gp.  In vitro experiments indicate that PSC-833interacts directly with P-gp with high affinity and probably interferes with the ATPase activity of P-gp. Studies in multidrug resistant tumor models confirm P-gp as the in vivo target of PSC-833 and demonstrate the ability of PSC-833 to reverse MDR leukemias and solid tumors in mice. Presently,PSC-833 is being evaluated in the clinic.

Valspodar can cause nerve damage.[1]

Valspodar

Synthesis By oxidation of cyclosporin D (I) with N-chlorosuccinimide and dimethylsulfide in toluene (1) Scheme 1 Description alpha (20, D) -..?. 255.1 (c 0.5, CHCl3) Manufacturer Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp (US).. . References 1 Bollinger, P., B flounder sterli, JJ, Borel, J.-F., Krieger, M., Payne, TG, Traber, RP, Wenger, R. (Sandoz AG; Sandoz Patent GmbH; Sandoz Erfindungen VmbH ). Cyclosporins and their use as pharmaceuticals.

AU 8817679, EP 296122, JP 89045396. AU 8817679; EP 0296122; JP 1989045396; JP 1996048696; US 5525590

……………………………..

 

  • The cyclosporins comprise a class of structurally distinctive, cyclic, poly-N-methylated undecapeptides, generally possessing pharmacological, in particular immunosuppressive, anti-­inflammatory and/or anti-parasitic activity, each to a greater or lesser degree. The first of the cyclosproins to be isolated was the naturally occurring fungal metabolite Ciclosporin or Cyclo­sporine, also known as cyclosporin A and now commercially available under the Registered Trade Mark SANDIMMUN®. Ciclosporin is the cyclosporin of formula A

    Figure imgb0001

    wherein -MeBmt- represents the N-methyl-(4R)-4-but-2E-­en-1-yl-4-methyl-(L)threonyl residue of formula B

    Figure imgb0002

    in which -x-y- is trans -CH=CH- and the positive 2′, 3′ and 4′ have the configuration S, R and R respectively.

  • Since the original discovery of Ciclosporin, a wide variety of naturally occurring cyclosporins have been isolated and identified and many further non-natural cyclosporins have been prepared by total- or semi-synthetic means or by the application of modified culture techniques. The class comprised by the cyclosporins is thus now substantial and includes, for example, the naturally occurring cyclosporins A through Z [c.f. Traber et al. 1, Helv. Chim. Acta, 60, 1247-1255 (1977); Traber et al. 2, Helv. Chim. Acta, 65, 1655-1667 (1982); Kobel et al., Europ. J. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 14, 273-240 (1982); and von Wartburg et al. Progress in Allergy, 38, 28-45 (1986)], as well as various non-natural cyclosporin derivatives and artificial or synthetic cyclosporins including the dihydro- and iso-cyclosporins [in which the moiety -x-y- of the -MeBmt- residue (Formula B above) is saturated to give -x-y- = -CH₂-CH₂- / the linkage of the residue -MeBmt- to the residue at the 11-position of the cyclosporin molecule (Formula A above) is via the 3′-O-atom rather than the α-N-atom]; derivatised cyclosporins (e.g. in which the 3′-O-atom of the -MeBmt- residue is acylated or a further substituent is introduced at the α-carbon atom of the sarcosyl residue at the 3-position); cyclosporins in which the -MeBmt- residue is present in isomeric form (e.g. in which the configuration across positions 6′ and 7′ of the -MeBmt- residue is cis rather than trans); and cyclosporins wherein variant amino acids are incorporated at specific positions within the peptide sequence employing e.g. the total synthetic method for the production of cyclosporins developed by R. Wenger – see e.g. Traber et al. 1, Traber et al. 2 and Kobel et al. loc. cit.; U.S. Patents Nos 4 108 985, 4 210 581, 4 220 641, 4 288 431, 4 554 351 and 4 396 542; European Patent Publications Nos. 0 034 567 and 0 056 782; International Patent Publication No. WO 86/02080; Wenger 1, Transpl. Proc. 15, Suppl. 1:2230 (1983); Wenger 2, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 24, 77 (1985); and Wenger 3, Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 50, 123 (1986).
  • The class comprised by the cyclosporins is thus now very large indeed and includes, for example [Thr]²-, [Val]²-, [Nva]²- and [Nva]²-[Nva]⁵-Ciclosporin (also known as cyclosporins C, D, G and M respectively), [3-O-acetyl-MeBmt]¹-Ciclosporin (also known as cyclosporin A acetate), [Dihydro-MeBmt]¹-[Val]²-Ciclosporin (also known as dihydro-cyclosporin D), [Iso-MeBmt]¹-[Nva]²-Ciclosporin (also known as isocyclosporin G), [(D)Ser]⁸-Ciclosporin, [MeIle]¹¹-Ciclosporin, [(D)MeVal]¹¹-Ciclosporin (also known as cyclosporin H), [MeAla]⁶-Ciclosporin, [(D)Pro]³-Ciclosporin and so on.
  • [In accordance with conventional nomenclature for cyclosporins, these are defined throughout the present specification and claims by reference to the structure of Ciclosporin (i.e. Cyclosporin A). This is done by first indicating the amino acid residues present which differ from those present in Ciclosporin (e.g. “[(D)Pro]³” to indicate that the cyclosporin in question has a -(D)Pro- rather than -Sar- residue at the 3-position) and then applying the term “Ciclosporin” to characterise remaining residues which are identical to those present in Ciclosporin.
  • The residue -MeBmt- at position 1 in Ciclosporin was unknown before the discovery of the cyclosporins. This residue and variants or modifications of it, e.g. as described below, are thus generally characteristic of the cyclosporins. In general, variants or alternatives to [MeBmt]¹ are defined by reference to the -MeBmt- structure. Thus for dihydrocyclosporins in which the moiety -x-y- (see formula B above) is reduced to -CH₂-CH₂-, the residue at the 1-position is defined as “-dihydro-MeBmt-“. Where the configuration across the moiety -x-y- is cis rather than trans, the resulting residue is defined as “-cis-MeBmt-“.
  • Where portions of the -MeBmt- residue are deleted, this is indicated by defining the position of the deletion, employing the qualifier “des” to indicate deletion, and then defining the group or atom omitted, prior to the determinant “-MeBmt-“, “-dihydro-MeBmt-“, “-cis-MeBmt-” etc.. Thus “-N-desmethyl-MeBmt-“, “-3′-desoxy-MeBmt-“, and “-3′-desoxy-4′-desmethyl-MeBmt-” are the residues of Formula B¹, B² and B³ respectively:

    Figure imgb0003

    B¹ – X = CH₃, Y = OH, Z = H.
    B² – X = CH₃, Y = H, Z = CH₃.
    B³ – X = H, Y = H, Z = CH₃.

  • Where positions or groups, e.g. in -MeBmt-, are substituted this is represented in conventional manner by defining the position and nature of the substitution. Thus -3′-O-acetyl-MeBmt- is the resi­due of formula B in which the 3′-OH group is acetylated (3′-O­-COCH₃). Where substituents of groups, in e.g. -MeBmt-, are replaced, this is done by i) indicating the position of the re­placed group by “des-terminology” as described above and ii) de­fining the replacing group. Thus -7′-desmethyl-7′-phenyl-MeBmt- is the residue of formula B above in which the terminal (8′) methyl group is replaced by phenyl. 3′-Desoxy-3′-oxo-MeBmt- is the resi­due of formula B above in which the 3′-OH group is replaced by =O.
  • In addition, amino acid residues referred to by abbreviation, e.g. -Ala-, -MeVal-, -αAbu- etc… are, in accordance with conventional practice, to be understood as having the (L)-configuration unless otherwise indicated, e.g. as in the case of “-(D)Ala-“. Residue abbreviations preceded by “Me” as in the case of “-MeLeu-“, represent α-N-methylated residues. Individual residues of the cyclosporin molecule are numbered, as in the art, clockwise and starting with the residue -MeBmt-, -dihydro-MeBmt- etc. … in position 1. The same numerical sequence is employed throughout the present specification and claims.]
  • [0010]
    Because of their unique pharmaceutical potential, the cyclosporins have attracted very considerable attention, not only in medical and academic circles, but also in the lay press. Cyclo­sporin itself is now commonly employed in the prevention of rejection following allogenic organ, e.g. heart, heart-lung, kidney and bone-marrow transplant, as well as, more recently, in the treatment of various auto-immune and related diseases and conditions. Extensive work has also been performed to investigate potential utility in the treatment of various parasitic diseases and infections, for example coccidiomycosis, malaria and schistosomiasis. Reports of investigative work into the potential utility of the very many other known cyclosporins in these or related indications now abound in the literature.

 

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References

  1.  Wilkes, Gail; Ades, Terri B. (2004). Consumers Guide to Cancer Drugs. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 226. ISBN 9780763722548. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  2.  Tao, Jian’guo; Sotomayor, Eduardo. (2012). Hematologic Cancers: From Molecular Pathobiology to Targeted Therapeutics. Springer. p. 335. ISBN 9789400750289.
  3. PSC-833Drugs Fut 1995, 20(10): 1010
  4. US 5525590
  5. Synthesis of [S-[1-14C]Val(7)]VALSPODAR application of (+)/(-)-[13,14Cn]BABS and (+)/(-)-[13,14Cn]DPMGBS, part 4J Label Compd Radiopharm 2000, 43(3): 205
  6. WO 2006013094
  7. WO 2005013947
  8. WO 2002098418
  9. WO 1999017757
  10. Pharmaceutical Research, 2001 ,  vol. 18,  2  pg. 183 – 190
  11. US2003/158097 A1
  12. Valspodar; EP-B1 0 296 122:
  13. WO 94/07858
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Rapamycin (Sirolimus) For the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants.

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Jan 152014
 

File:Sirolimus.svg

Rapamycin (Sirolimus)

(3S,6R,7E,9R,10R,12R,14S,15E,17E,19​E,21S,23S,26R,27R,34aS)-9,10,12,13,14,21,22,23,24,​25, 26,27,32,33,34,34a-Hexadecahydro-9,27-dihydroxy-3-​[(1R)-2-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]​-1-methylethyl]-10,21-dimethoxy-6,8,12,14,20,26-he​xamethyl-23,27-epoxy-3H-pyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxaazacy​clohentriacontine-1,5,11,28,29(4H,6H,31H)-pentone

Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (Originator)

M.Wt:914.18

Formula:C51H79NO13

53123-88-9 cas no

Antifungal and immunosuppressant. Specific inhibitor of mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin). Complexes with FKBP-12 and binds mTOR inhibiting its activity. Inhibits interleukin-2-induced phosphorylation and activation of p70 S6 kinase. Induces autophagy in yeast and mammalian cell lines.

Rapamycin is a triene macrolide antibiotic, which demonstrates anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunosuppressive properties. Rapamycin has been shown to block T-cell activation and proliferation, as well as, the activation of p70 S6 kinase and exhibits strong binding to FK-506 binding proteins. Rapamycin also inhibits the activity of the protein, mTOR, (mammalian target of rapamycin) which functions in a signaling pathway to promote tumor growth. Rapamycin binds to a receptor protein (FKBP12) and the rapamycin/FKB12 complex then binds to mTOR and prevents interaction of mTOR with target proteins in this signaling pathway. Rapamycin name is derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapi Nui.

  • (-)-Rapamycin
  • Antibiotic AY 22989
  • AY 22989
  • AY-22989
  • CCRIS 9024
  • HSDB 7284
  • NSC 226080
  • Rapammune
  • Rapamune
  • Rapamycin
  • SILA 9268A
  • Sirolimus
  • UNII-W36ZG6FT64
  • WY-090217
  • A 8167

A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.

 

Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants. It prevents activation of T cells and B cells by inhibiting their response to interleukin-2 (IL-2). Sirolimus is also used as a coronary stent coating. Sirolimus works, in part, by eliminating old and abnormal white blood cells.[citation needed] Sirolimus is effective in mice with autoimmunity and in children with a rare condition called autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).

sirolimus

A macrolide, sirolimus was discovered by Brazilian researchers as a product of the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus in a soil sample fromEaster Island[1] — an island also known as Rapa Nui.[2] It was approved by the FDA in September 1999 and is marketed under the trade nameRapamune by Pfizer (formerly by Wyeth).

Sirolimus was originally developed as an antifungal agent. However, this use was abandoned when it was discovered to have potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties. It has since been shown to prolong the life of mice and might also be useful in the treatment of certain cancers.

Unlike the similarly named tacrolimus, sirolimus is not a calcineurin inhibitor, but it has a similar suppressive effect on the immune system. Sirolimus inhibits the response tointerleukin-2 (IL-2), and thereby blocks activation of T and B cells. In contrast, tacrolimus inhibits the secretion of IL-2.

The mode of action of sirolimus is to bind the cytosolic protein FK-binding protein 12(FKBP12) in a manner similar to tacrolimus. Unlike the tacrolimus-FKBP12 complex which inhibits calcineurin (PP2B), the sirolimus-FKBP12 complex inhibits themammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, rapamycin being an older name for sirolimus) pathway by directly binding the mTOR Complex1 (mTORC1).

mTOR has also been called FRAP (FKBP-rapamycin associated protein), RAFT (rapamycin and FKBP target), RAPT1, or SEP. The earlier names FRAP and RAFT were coined to reflect the fact that sirolimus must bind FKBP12 first, and only the FKBP12-sirolimus complex can bind mTOR. However, mTOR is now the widely accepted name, since Tor was first discovered via genetic and molecular studies of sirolimus-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that identified FKBP12, Tor1, and Tor2 as the targets of sirolimus and provided robust support that the FKBP12-sirolimus complex binds to and inhibits Tor1 and Tor2.

rapamycin

Unlike the similarly named tacrolimus, sirolimus is not a calcineurin inhibitor, but it has a similar suppressive effect on the immune system. Sirolimus inhibits the response to interleukin-2 (IL-2), and thereby blocks activation of T and B cells. In contrast, tacrolimus inhibits the secretion of IL-2.

The mode of action of sirolimus is to bind the cytosolic protein FK-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) in a manner similar to tacrolimus. Unlike the tacrolimus-FKBP12 complex which inhibits calcineurin (PP2B), the sirolimus-FKBP12 complex inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR, rapamycin being an older name for sirolimus) pathway by directly binding the mTOR Complex1 (mTORC1).

mTOR has also been called FRAP (FKBP-rapamycin associated protein), RAFT (rapamycin and FKBP target), RAPT1, or SEP. The earlier names FRAP and RAFT were coined to reflect the fact that sirolimus must bind FKBP12 first, and only the FKBP12-sirolimus complex can bind mTOR. However, mTOR is now the widely accepted name, since Tor was first discovered via genetic and molecular studies of sirolimus-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that identified FKBP12, Tor1, and Tor2 as the targets of sirolimus and provided robust support that the FKBP12-sirolimus complex binds to and inhibits Tor1 and Tor2.

SIROLIMUS

 

 

 

 

Rapamycin and its preparation are described in US Patent No. 3,929,992, issued December 30, 1975. Alternatively, rapamycin may be purchased commercially [Rapamune®, Wyeth].

 

Rapamycin (Sirolimus) is a 31-member natural macrocyclic lactone [C51H79N1O13; MWt=914.2] produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus and found in the 1970s (U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,992; 3,993,749). Rapamycin (structure shown below) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prophylaxis of renal transplant rejection in 1999.

 

Figure US08088789-20120103-C00001

 

Rapamycin resembles tacrolimus (binds to the same intracellular binding protein or immunophilin known as FKBP-12) but differs in its mechanism of action. Whereas tacrolimus and cyclosporine inhibit T-cell activation by blocking lymphokine (e.g., IL2) gene transcription, sirolimus inhibits T-cell activation and T lymphocyte proliferation by binding to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin can act in synergy with cyclosporine or tacrolimus in suppressing the immune system.

Rapamycin is also useful in preventing or treating systemic lupus erythematosus [U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,999], pulmonary inflammation [U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,899], insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [U.S. Pat. No. 5,321,009], skin disorders, such as psoriasis [U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,730], bowel disorders [U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,731], smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal thickening following vascular injury [U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,288,711 and 5,516,781], adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma [European Patent Application 525,960 A1], ocular inflammation [U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,589], malignant carcinomas [U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,018], cardiac inflammatory disease [U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,832], anemia [U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,138] and increase neurite outgrowth [Parker, E. M. et al, Neuropharmacology 39, 1913-1919, 2000].

Although rapamycin can be used to treat various disease conditions, the utility of the compound as a pharmaceutical drug has been limited by its very low and variable bioavailability and its high immunosuppressive potency and potential high toxicity. Also, rapamycin is only very slightly soluble in water. To overcome these problems, prodrugs and analogues of the compound have been synthesized. Water soluble prodrugs prepared by derivatizing rapamycin positions 31 and 42 (formerly positions 28 and 40) of the rapamycin structure to form glycinate, propionate, and pyrrolidino butyrate prodrugs have been described (U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,803). Some of the analogues of rapamycin described in the art include monoacyl and diacyl analogues (U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,885), acetal analogues (U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,413), silyl ethers (U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,842), hydroxyesters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,718), as well as alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl analogues (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,665,772; 5,258,389; 6,384,046; WO 97/35575).

 

 

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Synthesis

http://www.google.co.in/patents/US3929992

PREPARATION

CUT PASTE FROM TEXT

In one embodiment of this invention rapamycin is prepared in the followingmanner: 4

A suitable fermenter is charged with production meis reached in the fermentation mixture after 2-8 days,

usually after about 5 days, as determined by the cup plate method and Candida albicans as the test organism. The mycelium is harvested by filtration with diatomaceous earth. Rapamycin is then extracted from the mycelium with a water-miscible solvent, for example a lower alkanol, preferably methanol or ethanol. The latter extract is then concentrated, preferably under reduced pressure, and the resulting aqueous phase is extracted with a water-immiscible solvent. A preferred water-immiscible solvent for this purpose is methylene dichloride although chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, n-butanol and the like may also be used. The latter extract is concentrated, preferably under reduced pressure, to afford the crude product as an oil.

The product may be purified further by a variety of methods. Among the preferred methods of purification is to dissolve the crude product in a substantially nonpolar, first solvent, for example petroleum ether or hexane, and to treat the resulting solution with a suit able absorbent, for example charcoal or silica gel, so that the antibiotic becomes absorbed on the absorbant. The absorbant is then separated and washed or eluted with a second solvent more polar than the first solvent, for example ethyl acetate, methylene dichloride, or a mixture of methylene dichloride and ether (preferred). Thereafter, concentration of the wash solution or eluate affords substantially pure rapamycin. Further purification is obtained by partial precipitation with a nonpolar solvent, for example, petroleum ether, hexane, pentane and the like, from a solution of the rapamycin in a more polar solvent, for example, ether, ethyl acetate, benzene and the like. Still-further purification is obtained by column chromatography, preferably employing silica gel, and by crystallization of the rapamycin from ether.

In another preferred embodiment of this invention a first stage inoculum of S treptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 5491 is prepared in small batches in a medium containing soybean flour, glucose, ammonium sulfate, and calcium carbonate incubated at about 25C at pH 7.l-7.3 for 24 hrs. with agitation, preferably on a gyrotary shaker. The growth thus obtained is used to inoculate a number of somewhat larger batches of the same medium as described above which are incubated at about 25C and pH 7.1-7.3 for 18 hrs. with agitation, preferably on a reciprocating’shaker, to obtain a sec- “ond stagc inoculum which is used to inoculate the production stage fermenters.

6 5.86′.2.-The fermenters are inoculated with the second stage inoculum described above and incubated at about 25C with’ agitationand aeration while controlling and ‘mai’ntaining the mixture at approximately pH 6.0 by

addition offa base, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or preferably ammonium hydroxide, as required from time to time. Addition of a source -of assimilable carbon, preferably glucose, is started when theconcentrationof the latter in the broth has dropped to about 0.5% wt/vol, normally about 48 hrs after. the start of fermentation, and is maintained until the end ofthe particular run. In this manner a fermentation broth containing about 60 ug/ml of rapamycin as determined by the assay method described above is obtained in 45 days, when fermentation is stopped.

‘ Filtration of the’mycelium, mixing the latter with a watef-miscible ‘lower’ alkanol, preferably methanol, followed by extraction with a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably trichloroethane, and evaporation of the solvents yields a first oily residue. This first oily residue is dissolved in a lower aliphatic ketone, preferably acetone, filtered from insoluble impurities, the filtrate evaporated to yield a second oily residue which is extractedjwith a water-miscible lower alkanol,

preferably methanol, and the latter extract is evaporated to yield crude rapamycin as a third oily residue. This third oily residue is dissolved in a mixture of a lower aliphatic ketone and a lower aliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably acetone-hexane, an absorbent such as charcoal or preferably silica gel is added to adsorb the rapamycin, the latter is eluted from the adsorbate with a similar but more polar solvent mixture, for example a mixture as above but containing a higher proportion of the aliphatic ketone, the eluates are evaporated and the residue is crystallized from diethyl ether, to yield pure crystalline rapamycin. In this manner a total of 45-5 8% of the rapamycin initially present in the fermentation mixture is recovered as pure crystalline rapamycin.

CHARACTERIZATION solvent systems; for example, ether-hexane 40:60 (Rf 0.42), ‘isopropyl alcoholvbenzene 15:85 (Rf= 0.5) and ethanol-benzene 20:80 (Rf f 0.43);

d. rapamycin obtained from four successive fermentation batchesgave the following values on repeated The production stage fermenters are equipped with 7 devices for controlling and maintaining pH at a predetermined level and for continuous metered addition of elemental analyses:

AVER- e. rapamycin exhibits the following characteristic absorption maxima in its ultraviolet absorption spectrum ethanol):

f. the infrared absorption spectrum of rapamycin in chloroform is reproduced in FIG. 1 and shows characteristic absorption bands at 3560, 3430, 1730, 1705 and 1630-1610 cm;

Further infrared absorption bands are characterized by the following data given in reciprocal centimeters with (s) denoting a strong, (m) denoting a medium, and (w) denoting a weak intensity band. This classification is arbitrarily selected in such a manner that a band is denoted as strong (s) if its peak absorption is more than two-thirds of the background in the same region; medium (m) if its peak is between one-third and twothirds of the background in the same region; and weak (w) if its peak is less than one-third of the background in the same region.

2990 cm (m) 1158 cm” (m) 2955 cm (s) 1129 cm (s) 2919 cm (s) 1080 cm (s) 2858 cm (s) 1060 cm (s) 2815 cm (m) 1040 cm (m) 1440 cm (s) 1020 crn’ (m) 1365 cm (m) 978 cm” (s) 1316 cm (in) 905 cm (m) 1272 cm (m) 888 cm” (w) 1178 cm (s) 866 cm- (w) g. the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of rapamycinin deuterochloroform is reproduced in FIG. 2; SEE PATENT

CLAIMS

l. Rapamycin, an antibiotic which a. is a colourless, crystalline compound with a melting point of 183 to l8SC, after recrystallization from ether;

b. is soluble in ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and dimethylformamide, very sparingly soluble in hexane and petroleum ether and substantially insoluble in water;

c. shows a uniform spot on thin layer plates of silica gel”,

d. has a characteristic elemental analysis of about C,

e. exhibits the following characteristic absorption maxima in its ultraviolet absorption spectrum (95% ff has ‘a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum shown in accompanying FIG. 1; SEE PATENT

……………………………………………..

 

Rapamycin synthetic studies. 1. Construction of the C(27)-C(42) subunit. Tetrahedron Lett 1994, 35, 28, 4907

 

 

A partial synthesis of rapamycin has been reported: The condensation of sulfone (I) with epoxide (II) by means of butyllithium followed by desulfonation with Na/Hg gives the partially protected diol (III), which is treated with methanesulfonyl chloride and NaH to afford the epoxide (IV). Ring opening of epoxide (IV) with LiI and BF3.Et2O followed by protection of the resulting alcohol with PMBOC(NH)CCl3 yields the primary iodo compound (V). The condensation of (V) with the fully protected dihydroxyaldehyde (VI) (see later) by means of butyllithium in THF/HMPT gives the fully protected trihydroxyketone (VII), which is hydrolyzed with camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) to the corresponding gemdiol and reprotected with pivaloyl chloride (the primary alcohol) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (the secondary alcohol), yielding a new fully protected trihydroxyketone (VIII). Elimination of the pivaloyl group with DIBAL and the dithiane group with MeI/CaCO3 affords the hydroxyketone (IX), which is finally oxidized with oxalyl chloride to the ketoaldehyde (X), the C(27)-C(42) fragment [the C(12)-C(15) fragment with the C(12)-substituent based on the IUPAC nomenclature recommendations]. The fully protected dihydroxyaldehyde (VI) is obtained as follows: The reaction of methyl 3-hydroxy-2(R)-methylpropionate (XI) with BPSCl followed by reduction with LiBH4 to the corresponding alcohol and oxidation with oxalyl chloride gives the aldehyde (XII), which is protected with propane-1,3-dithiol and BF3.Et2O to afford the dithiane compound (XIII). Elimination of the silyl group with TBAF followed by esterification with tosyl chloride, reaction with NaI and, finally, with sodium phenylsulfinate gives the sulfone (XIV), which is condensed with the partially protected dihydroxyaldehyde (XV), oxidized with oxalyl chloride and desulfonated with Al/Hg to afford the dithianyl ketone (XVI). The reaction of (XVI) with lithium hexamethyldisilylazane gives the corresponding enolate, which is treated with dimethyllithium cuprate to yield the fully protected unsaturated dihydroxyaldehyde (VI).

 

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http://www.google.com/patents/US8088789

JUT HAVE A LOOK

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The Ley Synthesis of Rapamycin

Rapamycin (3) is used clinically as an immunosuppressive agent. The synthesis of 3 (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 591. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604053) by Steven V. Ley of the University of Cambridge was based on the assembly and subsequent coupling of the iododiene 1 and the stannyl alkene 2.

The lactone of 1 was prepared by Fe-mediated cyclocarbonylation of the alkenyl epoxide 5, following the protocol developed in the Ley group.

The cyclohexane of 2 was constructed by SnCl4-mediated cyclization of the allyl stannane 9, again employing a procedure developed in the Ley group. Hydroboration delivered the aldehyde 11, which was crotylated with 12, following the H. C. Brown method. The alcohol so produced (not illustrated) was used to direct the diastereoselectivity of epoxidation, then removed, to give 13. Coupling with 14 then led to 2.

Combination of 1 with 2 led to 15, which was condensed with catechol to give the macrocycle 16. Exposure of 16 to base effected Dieckmann cyclization, to deliver the ring-contracted macrolactone 17, which was carried on to (-)-rapamycin (3).

 

……………………………….

Total Synthesis of Rapamycin

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Volume 46, Issue 4, pages 591–597, January 15, 2007

Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

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……………………..

rapamycin_1.jpg

Ley, Maddess, Tackett, Watanabe, Brennan, Spilling, Scott and Osborn. ACIEE, 2006, EarlyView. DOI:10.1002/anie.200604053.

It’s been in the works for quite a while, but Steve Ley’s synthesis of Rapamycin has just been published. This complex beast has a multitude of biological activities, including an interesting immunosuppressive profile, resulting in clinical usage following organ transplantation. So, unsurprisingly, it’s been the target of many projects, with complete total syntheses published by Smith, Danishefsky, Schreiber and KCN.

So what makes this one different? Well, it does have one of the most interesting macrocyclisations I’ve seen since Jamison’s paper, and a very nice demonstration of the BDA-aldol methodology. The overall strategy is also impressive, so on with the retro:

rapamycin_2.jpg
First stop is the BDA-aldol; this type of chemistry is interesting, because the protecting group for the diol is also the stereo-directing group. The stereochemistry for this comes from a glycolic acid, and has been usedin this manner by the group before. The result is as impressive as ever, with a high yield, and presumably a very high d.r. (no mention of actual numbers).

rapamycin_3.jpg

The rest of the fragment synthesis was completed in a succinct and competent manner, but using relatively well known chemistry. However, I was especially impressed with the macrocyclisation I mentioned:

rapamycin_4.jpg

Tethering the free ends of the linear precursor with a simple etherification/esterification onto catechol gave then a macrocycle holding the desired reaction centres together. Treatment of this with base then induces a Dieckmann-condensation type cyclisation to deliver the desired macrocycle. Of course, at this stage, only a few more steps were required to complete the molecule, and end an era of the Wiffen Lab.

………………………………

Drugs Fut 1999, 24(1): 22

DOI: 10.1358/dof.1999.024.01.474036

 

 

REFERENCES

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3. Creating diverse target-binding surfaces on FKBP12: synthesis and evaluation of a rapamycin analogue library.

Wu X, Wang L, Han Y, Regan N, Li PK, Villalona MA, Hu X, Briesewitz R, Pei D.

ACS Comb Sci. 2011 Sep 12;13(5):486-95. doi: 10.1021/co200057n. Epub 2011 Jul 28.

4. Mammalian target of rapamycin: discovery of rapamycin reveals a signaling pathway important for normal and cancer cell growth.

Gibbons JJ, Abraham RT, Yu K.

Semin Oncol. 2009 Dec;36 Suppl 3:S3-S17. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.10.011. Review.

5. Hybrid inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): design, synthesis, and superior antitumor activity of novel wortmannin-rapamycin conjugates.

Ayral-Kaloustian S, Gu J, Lucas J, Cinque M, Gaydos C, Zask A, Chaudhary I, Wang J, Di L, Young M, Ruppen M, Mansour TS, Gibbons JJ, Yu K.

J Med Chem. 2010 Jan 14;53(1):452-9. doi: 10.1021/jm901427g.

6. Fluorescent probes to characterise FK506-binding proteins.

Kozany C, März A, Kress C, Hausch F.

Chembiochem. 2009 May 25;10(8):1402-10. doi: 10.1002/cbic.200800806.

 

7. Recent advances in the chemistry, biosynthesis and pharmacology of rapamycin analogs.

Graziani EI.

Nat Prod Rep. 2009 May;26(5):602-9. doi: 10.1039/b804602f. Epub 2009 Mar 5. Review.

8 Total synthesis of rapamycin.

Ley SV, Tackett MN, Maddess ML, Anderson JC, Brennan PE, Cappi MW, Heer JP, Helgen C, Kori M, Kouklovsky C, Marsden SP, Norman J, Osborn DP, Palomero MA, Pavey JB, Pinel C, Robinson LA, Schnaubelt J, Scott JS, Spilling CD, Watanabe H, Wesson KE, Willis MC.

Chemistry. 2009;15(12):2874-914. doi: 10.1002/chem.200801656.

9  Highly diastereoselective desymmetrisation of cyclic meso-anhydrides and derivatisation for use in natural product synthesis.

Evans AC, Longbottom DA, Matsuoka M, Davies JE, Turner R, Franckevicius V, Ley SV.

Org Biomol Chem. 2009 Feb 21;7(4):747-60. doi: 10.1039/b813494d. Epub 2009 Jan 6.

10  Total synthesis studies on macrocyclic pipecolic acid natural products: FK506, the antascomicins and rapamycin.

Maddess ML, Tackett MN, Ley SV.

Prog Drug Res. 2008;66:13, 15-186. Review.

11 Determination of sirolimus in rabbit arteries using liquid chromatography separation and tandem mass spectrometric detection.

Zhang J, Rodila R, Watson P, Ji Q, El-Shourbagy TA.

Biomed Chromatogr. 2007 Oct;21(10):1036-44.

12  Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKBP12 binds Arabidopsis thaliana TOR and its expression in plants leads to rapamycin susceptibility.

Sormani R, Yao L, Menand B, Ennar N, Lecampion C, Meyer C, Robaglia C.

BMC Plant Biol. 2007 Jun 1;7:26.

13 Total synthesis of rapamycin.

Maddess ML, Tackett MN, Watanabe H, Brennan PE, Spilling CD, Scott JS, Osborn DP, Ley SV.

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2007;46(4):591-7. No abstract available.

15 lipase-catalyzed regioselective esterification of rapamycin: synthesis of temsirolimus (CCI-779).

Gu J, Ruppen ME, Cai P.

Org Lett. 2005 Sep 1;7(18):3945-8.

16 CCI-779 Wyeth.

Elit L.

Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Aug;3(8):1249-53. Review.

 

17 Everolimus. Novartis.

Dumont FJ.

Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Sep;2(9):1220-34. Review.

 

18 Kuo et al (1992) Rapamycin selectively inhibits interleukin-2 activation of p70 S6 kinase. Nature 358 70. PMID:1614535.

 

19 Huang et al (2003) Rapamycins: mechanism of action and cellular resistance. Cancer Biol.Ther. 2 221. PMID:12878853.

 

20 Kobayashi et al (2007) Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Sci. 98 726. PMID: 17425689.

 

21 Fleming et al (2011) Chemical modulators of autophagy as biological probes and potential therapeutics. 7 9. PMID:21164513.

 

22 J Am Chem Soc1993,115,(10):4419

 

23 Tetrahedron Lett1994,35,(28):4911

24 Chemistry (Weinheim)1995,1,(5):318

 

24

Figure imgf000004_0001SIROLIMUS

 

FEMALE FERTILITY

http://amcrasto.theeurekamoments.com/2013/02/11/immunosuppressant-drug-rapamycin-helps-preserving-female-fertility/

 

PATENTS

Canada 2293793 APPROVED2006-07-11 EXP    2018-06-11
Canada 2103571                 2003-04-29           2012-02-21
United States 5989591                 1998-09-11           2018-09-11
United States 5212155                 1993-05-18           2010-05-18

 

 

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A plaque, written in Brazilian Portuguese, commemorating the discovery of sirolimus on Easter Island, near Rano Kau

 

mTOR inhibitor

temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD001), deforolimus (AP23573), AP21967, biolimus, AP23102, zotarolimus (ABT 578), sirolimus (Rapamune), and tacrolimus (Prograf).

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MIDOSTAURIN …with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities …

 orphan status, Phase 3 drug, Uncategorized  1 Response »
Jan 142014
 

MIDOSTAURIN

(9S,10R,11R,13R)-2,3,10,11,12,13-Hexahydro-10-methoxy-9-methyl-11-(methylamino)-9,13-epoxy-1H,9H-diindolo[1,2,3-gh:3′,2′,1′-lm]pyrrolo[3,4-j][1,7]benzodiamzonine-1-one

N-[(9S,10R,11R,13R)-2,3,10,11,12,13-Hexahydro-10-methoxy-9-methyl-1-oxo-9,13-epoxy-1H,9H-diindolo[1,2,3-gh:3′,2′,1′-lm]pyrrolo[3,4-j][1,7]benzodiazonin-11-yl]-N-methylbenzamide

N-((9S,10R,11R,13R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-methoxy-9-methyl-1-oxo-9,13-epoxy-1H,9H-diindolo(1,2,3-gh:3′,2′,1′-lm)pyrrolo(3,4-j)(1,7)benzodiazonin-11-yl)-N-methyl-,

N-[(2R,4R,5R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-methyl-18-oxo-29-oxa-1,7,17-triazaoctacyclo[12.12.2.12,6.07,28.08,13.015,19.020,27.021,26]nonacosa-8,10,12,14(28),15(19),20(27),21(26),22,24-nonaen-4-yl]-N-methylbenzamide hydrate

N-benzoyl staurosporine

NOVARTIS ONCOLOGY ORIGINATOR

Chemical Formula: C35H30N4O4

Exact Mass: 570.22671

Molecular Weight: 570.63710

Elemental Analysis: C, 73.67; H, 5.30; N, 9.82; O, 11.22

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

PKC 412。PKC412A。CGP 41251。Benzoylstaurosporine；4′-N-Benzoylstaurosporine；Cgp 41251；Cgp 41 251.

120685-11-2 CAS

PHASE 3

  • 4′-N-Benzoylstaurosporine
  • Benzoylstaurosporine
  • Cgp 41 251
  • CGP 41251
  • CGP-41251
  • Midostaurin
  • PKC 412
  • PKC412
  • UNII-ID912S5VON

Midostaurin is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and VEGF. Midostaurin inhibits cell growth and phosphorylation of FLT3, STAT5, and ERK. It is a potent inhibitor of a spectrum of FLT3 activation loop mutations.

it  is prepared by acylation of the alkaloid staurosporine (I) with benzoyl chloride (II) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine in chloroform.Production Route of Midostaurin

Midostaurin is a synthetic indolocarbazole multikinase inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Midostaurin inhibits protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) tyrosine kinases, which may result in disruption of the cell cycle, inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis in susceptible tumors.

MIDOSTAURIN

Derivative of staurosporin, orally active, potent inhibitor of FLT3 tyrosine kinase (fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3). In addition Midostaurin inhibits further molecular targets such as VEGFR-1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1), c-kit (stem cell factor receptor), H-and K-RAS (Rat Sarcoma Viral homologue) and MDR (multidrug resistance protein).

Midostaurin inhibits both wild-type FLT3 and FLT3 mutant, wherein the internal tandem duplication mutations (FLT3-ITD), and the point mutation to be inhibited in the tyrosine kinase domain of the molecule at positions 835 and 836.Midostaurin is tested in patients with AML.

Midostaurin, a protein kinase C (PKC) and Flt3 (FLK2/STK1) inhibitor, is in phase III clinical development at originator Novartis for the oral treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Novartis is conducting phase III clinical trials for the treatment of aggressive systemic mastocytosis or mast cell leukemia. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is conducting phase I/II trials with the drug for the treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Massachusetts General Hospital is conducting phase I clinical trials for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the rectum in combination with radiation and standard chemotherapy.

MIDOSTAURIN

Midostaurin (PKC412) is a multi-target protein kinase inhibitor being investigated for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It is a semi-synthetic derivative of staurosporine, an alkaloid from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus, and is active in patients with mutations of CD135 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor).[1]

After successful Phase II clinical trials, a Phase III trial for AML has started in 2008. It is testing midostaurin in combination with daunorubicin and cytarabine.[2] In another trial, the substance has proven ineffective in metastatic melanoma.[3]

Midostaurin has also been studied at Johns Hopkins University for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but no recent progress reports for this indication have been made available. Trials in macular edema of diabetic origin were discontinued at Novartis.

In 2004, orphan drug designation was received in the E.U. for the treatment of AML. In 2009 and 2010, orphan drug designation was assigned for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and for the treatment of mastocytosis, respectively, in the U.S. In 2010, orphan drug designation was assigned in the E.U. for the latter indication.

MIDOSTAURIN

References

  1.  Fischer, T.; Stone, R. M.; Deangelo, D. J.; Galinsky, I.; Estey, E.; Lanza, C.; Fox, E.; Ehninger, G.; Feldman, E. J.; Schiller, G. J.; Klimek, V. M.; Nimer, S. D.; Gilliland, D. G.; Dutreix, C.; Huntsman-Labed, A.; Virkus, J.; Giles, F. J. (2010). “Phase IIB Trial of Oral Midostaurin (PKC412), the FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Receptor (FLT3) and Multi-Targeted Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Either Wild-Type or Mutated FLT3”. Journal of Clinical Oncology 28 (28): 4339–4345. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.28.9678. PMID 20733134. edit
  2.  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00651261 Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, and Midostaurin in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
  3.  Millward, M. J.; House, C.; Bowtell, D.; Webster, L.; Olver, I. N.; Gore, M.; Copeman, M.; Lynch, K.; Yap, A.; Wang, Y.; Cohen, P. S.; Zalcberg, J. (2006). “The multikinase inhibitor midostaurin (PKC412A) lacks activity in metastatic melanoma: a phase IIA clinical and biologic study”. British Journal of Cancer 95 (7): 829–834. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603331. PMC 2360547. PMID 16969355.
    1. Midostaurin product page, Fermentek
    2.  Wang, Y; Yin, OQ; Graf, P; Kisicki, JC; Schran, H (2008). “Dose- and Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Midostaurin in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus”. J Clin Pharmacol 48 (6): 763–775. doi:10.1177/0091270008318006. PMID 18508951.
    3.  Ryan KS (2008). “Structural studies of rebeccamycin, staurosporine, and violacein biosynthetic enzymes”. Ph.D. Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994, 4(3): 399

US 5093330

EP 0657164

EP 0711556

EP 0733358

WO 1998007415

WO 2002076432

WO 2003024420

WO 2003037347

WO 2004112794

WO 2005027910

WO 2005040415

WO 2006024494

WO 2006048296

WO 2006061199

WO 2007017497

WO 2013086133

WO 2012016050

WO 2011000811

 

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Testing the promiscuity of commercial kinase inhibitors against the AGC kinase group using a split-luciferase screen.
Journal of medicinal chemistry
 
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VX-322: a novel dual receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.
Journal of medicinal chemistry
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H2O2 production downstream of FLT3 is mediated by p22phox in the endoplasmic reticulum and is required for STAT5 signalling.
PloS one
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Discovery of 3-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-{6-[4-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-1-methyl-urea (NVP-BGJ398), a potent and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase.
Journal of medicinal chemistry
 
6-1-2011
Discovery, synthesis, and investigation of the antitumor activity of novel piperazinylpyrimidine derivatives.
European journal of medicinal chemistry
3-1-2010
Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor as a target for small molecule inhibitors.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

 

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Staurosporine Derivatives as Inhibitors of FLT3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity
6-13-2012
Crystal form of N-benzoyl-staurosporine
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COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS
7-6-2011
Staurosporine derivatives as inhibitors of flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase activity
7-6-2011
Staurosporine Derivatives for Use in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
12-10-2010
Pharmaceutical Compositions for treating wouds and related methods
11-5-2010
COMBINATIONS OF JAK INHIBITORS
7-23-2010
COMBINATIONS COMPRISING STAUROSPORINES
3-5-2010
COMBINATION OF IAP INHIBITORS AND FLT3 INHIBITORS
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11-20-2009
Use of Staurosporine Derivatives for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
7-17-2009
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6-19-2009
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3-20-2009
Use of Midostaurin for Treating Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
11-21-2008
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9-12-2008
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9-5-2008
Sensitization of Drug-Resistant Lung Caners to Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Organic Compounds

 

8-27-2008
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Kinase Inhibitor Phosphonate Conjugates
8-17-2007
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10-13-2006
Staurosporine derivatives for hypereosinophilic syndrome
7-15-2005
Phosphonate substituted kinase inhibitors
10-20-2004
Staurosporin derivatives

MIDOSTAURIN HYDRATE

 

 

Midostaurin according to the invention is N-[(9S,10R,11R,13R)-2,3,10,11,12,13-hexahydro-10-methoxy-9-methyl-1-oxo-9,13-epoxy-1H,9H-diindolo[1,2,3-gh:3′,2′,1′-lm]pyrrolo[3,4-j][1,7]benzodiazonin-11-yl]-N-methylbenzamide of the formula (II):

 

 

or a salt thereof, hereinafter: “Compound of formula II or midostaurin”.

Compound of formula II or midostaurin [International Nonproprietary Name] is also known as PKC412.

Midostaurin is a derivative of the naturally occurring alkaloid staurosporine, and has been specifically described in the European patent No. 0 296 110 published on Dec. 21, 1988, as well as in U.S. Pat. No.  5093330 published on Mar. 3, 1992, and Japanese Patent No. 2 708 047.

 

………………….

https://www.google.co.in/patents/EP0296110B1

The nomenclature of the products is, on the complete structure of staurosporine ([storage]-NH-CH ₃derived, and which is designated by N-substituent on the nitrogen of the methylamino group

Figure imgb0028

 

Example 18:

     N-Benzoyl-staurospor

  • A solution of 116.5 mg (0.25 mmol) of staurosporine and 0.065 ml (0.38 mmol) of N, N-diisopropylethylamine in 2 ml of chloroform is added at room temperature with 0.035 ml (0.3 mmol) of benzoyl chloride and 10 stirred minutes.The reaction mixture is diluted with chloroform, washed with sodium bicarbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The crude product is chromatographed on silica gel (eluent methylene chloride / ethanol 30:1), mp 235-247 ° with brown coloration.
  • cut paste may not be ok below

Staurosporine the formula [storage]-NH-CH ₃ (II) (for the meaning of the rest of [storage] see above) as the basic material of the novel compounds was already in 1977, from the cultures of Streptomyces staurosporeus AWAYA, and TAKAHASHI

O ¯

Figure imgb0003

MURA, sp. nov. AM 2282, see Omura, S., Iwai, Y., Hirano, A., Nakagawa, A.; awayâ, J., Tsuchiya, H., Takahashi, Y., and Masuma, R. J. Antibiot. 30, 275-281 (1977) isolated and tested for antimicrobial activity. It was also found here that the compound against yeast-like fungi and microorganisms is effective (MIC of about 3-25 mcg / ml), taking as the hydrochloride = having a LD ₅ ₀ 6.6 mg / kg (mouse, intraperitoneal). Stagnated recently it has been shown in extensive screening, see Tamaoki, T., Nomoto, H., Takahashi, I., Kato, Y, Morimoto, M. and Tomita, F.: Biochem. and Biophys. Research Commun. 135 (No. 2), 397-402 (1986) that the compound exerts a potent inhibitory effect on protein kinase C (rat brain)

 

…………………

 

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US5093330

EXAMPLE 18 N-benzoyl-staurosporine

0.035 ml (0.3 mmol) of benzoyl chloride is added at room temperature to a solution of 116.5 mg (0.25 mmol) of staurosporine and 0.065 ml (0.38 mmol) of N,N-diisopropylethylamine in 2 ml of chloroform and the whole is stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture is diluted with chloroform, washed with sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated by evaporation. The crude product is chromatographed on silica gel (eluant:methylene chloride/ethanol 30:1); m.p. 235

…………………….

Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994, 4(3): 399

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0960894X94800049

Full-size image (2 K)

……………………

http://www.google.com/patents/WO1998007415A2

A variety of PKC inhibitors are available in the art for use in the invention. These include bryostatin (U.S. Patent 4,560,774), safinogel (WO 9617603), fasudil (EP 187371), 7- hydoxystaurosporin (EP 137632B), various diones described in EP 657458, EP 657411 and WO9535294, phenylmethyl hexanamides as described in WO9517888, various indane containing benzamides as described in WO9530640, various pyrrolo [3,4-c]carbazoles as described in EP 695755, LY 333531 (IMSworld R & D Focus 960722, July 22, 1996 and Pharmaprojects Accession No. 24174), SPC-104065 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 22568), P-10050 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 22643), No. 4432 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 23031), No. 4503 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 23252), No. 4721 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 23890), No. 4755 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 24035), balanol (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 20376), K-7259 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 16649), Protein kinase C inhib, Lilly (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 18006), and UCN-01 (Pharmaprojects Accession No. 11915). Also see, for example, Tamaoki and Nakano (1990) Biotechnology 8:732-735; Posada et al. (1989) Cancer Commun. 1:285-292; Sato et al. (1990) Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 173:1252-1257; Utz et al. (1994) Int. J. Cancer 57:104-110; Schwartz et al. (1993) J. Na . Cancer lnst. 85:402-407; Meyer et al. (1989) Int. J. Cancer 43:851-856; Akinaga et al. (1991) Cancer Res. 51:4888-4892, which disclosures are herein incorporated by reference. Additionally, antisense molecules can be used as PKC inhibitors. Although such antisense molecules inhibit mRNA translation into the PKC protein, such antisense molecules are considered PKC inhibitors for purposes of this invention. Such antisense molecules against PKC inhibitors include those described in published PCT patent applications WO 93/19203, WO 95/03833 and WO 95/02069, herein incorporated by reference. Such inhibitors can be used in formulations for local delivery to prevent cellular proliferation. Such inhibitors find particular use in local delivery for preventing rumor growth and restenosis.

N-benzoyl staurosporine is a benzoyl derivative of the naturally occurring alkaloid staurosporine. It is chiral compound ([a]D=+148.0+-2.0°) with the formula C35H30R1O4 (molecular weight 570.65). It is a pale yellow amorphous powder which remains unchanged up to 220°C. The compound is very lipophilic (log P>5.48) and almost insoluble in water (0.068 mg/1) but dissolves readily in DMSO.

……………………….

staurosporine

Staurosporine (antibiotic AM-2282 or STS) is a natural product originally isolated in 1977 from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus. It was the first of over 50 alkaloids to be isolated with this type of bis-indole chemical structure. The chemical structure of staurosporine was elucidated by X-ray analysis of a single crystal and the absolute stereochemical configuration by the same method in 1994.

Staurosporine was discovered to have biological activities ranging from anti-fungal to anti-hypertensive. The interest in these activities resulted in a large investigative effort in chemistry and biology and the discovery of the potential for anti-cancer treatment

Synthesis of Staurosporine

Staurosporine is the precursor of the novel protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin(PKC412). Besides midostaurin, staurosporine is also used as a starting material in the commercial synthesis of K252c (also called staurosporine aglycone). In the natural biosynthetic pathway, K252c is a precursor of staurosporine.

Indolocarbazoles belong to the alkaloid sub-class of bisindoles. Of these carbazoles the Indolo(2,3-a)carbazoles are the most frequently isolated; the most common subgroup of the Indolo(2,3-a)carbazoles are the Indolo(2,3-a)pyrrole(3,4-c)carbazoles which can be divided into two major classes – halogenated (chlorinated) with a fully oxidized C-7 carbon with only one indole nitrogen containing a β-glycosidic bond and the second class consists of both indole nitrogen glycosilated, non-halogenated, and a fully reduced C-7 carbon. Staurosporine is part of the second non-halogenated class.

The biosynthesis of staurosporine starts with the amino acid L-tryptophan in its zwitterionic form. Tryptophan is converted to an imineby enzyme StaO which is an L-amino acid oxidase (that may be FAD dependent). The imine is acted upon by StaD to form an uncharacterized intermediate proposed to be the dimerization product between 2 imine molecules. Chromopyrrolic acid is the molecule formed from this intermediate after the loss of VioE (used in the biosynthesis of violacein – a natural product formed from a branch point in this pathway that also diverges to form rebeccamycin. An aryl aryl coupling thought to be catalyzed by a cytochrome P450enzyme to form an aromatic ring system occurs

Staurosporine 2

This is followed by a nucleophilic attack between the indole nitrogens resulting in cyclization and then decarboxylation assisted by StaC exclusively forming staurosporine aglycone or K252c. Glucose is transformed to NTP-L-ristoamine by StaA/B/E/J/I/K which is then added on to the staurosporine aglycone at 1 indole N by StaG. The StaN enzyme reorients the sugar by attaching it to the 2nd indole nitrogen into an unfavored conformation to form intermediated O-demethyl-N-demethyl-staurosporine. Lastly, O-methylation of the 4’amine by StaMA and N-methylation of the 3′-hydroxy by StaMB leads to the formation of staurosporine

 

US4107297 * 28 Nov 1977 15 Aug 1978 The Kitasato Institute Antibiotic compound
US4735939 * 27 Feb 1987 5 Apr 1988 The Dow Chemical Company Insecticidal activity of staurosporine
ZA884238A * Title not available

 

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Cicaprost ZK-96480

 phase 2, Uncategorized  Comments Off on Cicaprost ZK-96480
Jan 132014
 

http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/RenderImage?maxscale=30&width=300&height=300&superlistid=0094079808

Cicaprost

94079-80-8 , as in entry 4 ,  J. Org. Chem. 1988,53,1227-1231

ZK-96480

phase 2

Bayer Schering Pharma (Originator)

2-​[2-​[(2E,​3aS,​4S,​5R,​6aS)-​hexahydro-​5-​hydroxy-​4-​[(3S,​4S)-​3-​hydroxy-​4-​methyl-​1,​6-​nonadiyn-​1-​yl]-​2(1H)-​pentalenylidene]ethoxy]-​acetic acid

13,14-Didehydro-16,20-dimethyl-3-oxa-18,18,19,19-tetradehydro-6-carbaprostaglandin I2;

5-(7-Hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-4-methylnona-1,6-diynyl)-bicyclo(3.3.0)octan-3-yliden)-3-oxapentanoic acid;

2-[(2E,3aβ,6aβ)-4β-[(3S,4S)-3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-1,6-nonadiynyl]-5α-hydroxyoctahydropentalene-2-ylidene]ethoxyacetic acid;

[2-[(2E,3aβ,4S,6aβ)-4β-[(3S,4S)-3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-1,6-nonadiynyl]-5α-hydroxyoctahydropentalene-2-ylidene]ethoxy]acetic acid;

[2-[[(2E,3aS,3aβ,6aβ)-5α-Hydroxy-4β-[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,6-nonanediynyl]octahydropentalen]-2-ylidene]ethoxy]acetic acid;

Acetic acid, ((2E)-2-((3as,4S,5R,6as)-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-4-((3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,6-nonadiynyl)-2(1H)-pentalenylidene)ethoxy)-;

2-[2-[(2E,3aS,4S,5R,6aS)-Hexahydro-5-hydroxy-4-[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-Methyl-1,6-nonadiyn-1-yl]-2(1H)-pentalenylidene]ethoxy]acetic Acid;

Acetic acid, (2-(hexahydro-5-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,6-nonadiynyl)-2(1H)-pentalenylidene)ethoxy)-, (3as-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-

Molecular Formula C22H30O5
Formula Weight 374.5

Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin) is the most potent endogenous vasodilator that affects both the systemic and pulmonary circulation.Cicaprost is a PGI2 analog that is orally active with prolonged availabilityin vivo, having a terminal half life in plasma of one hour. In addition to their effects on smooth muscle, PGI2 analogs, including cicaprost, have been shown to inhibit the pro-inflammatory actions of certain leukocytes, suppress cardiac fibrosis, and block mitogenesis of certain cell types.Importantly, cicaprost has been shown to strongly reduce lung and lymph node metastasis in rats, suggesting that it might be useful in cancer therapy.

cicaprost

references

1. Drugs Fut 1986, 11(11): 913

2. Synthesis of a new chemically and metabolically stable prostacyclin analogue with high and long-lasting oral activity
J Med Chem 1986, 29(3): 313

 

3. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1988 ,  vol. 53,  6  p. 1227 – 1231 entry4

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jo00241a020

 

4. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003 ,  vol. 125,  32  p. 9653 – 9667, nmr

5. WO 2009068190

6. US 5013758

7. WO 2005009446

8. WO 1992014438

9. US2007/196510 A1

10. US2007/293552 A1

11. US2009/221549 A1

12. US2009/54473 A1

 

EP0041661A2 * May 29, 1981 Dec 16, 1981 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Preparation of intermediates of carbaprostacyclines
EP0057660A2 * Feb 1, 1982 Aug 11, 1982 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Prostacycline derivatives, their preparation and applications as medicines
EP0086404A1 * Feb 3, 1983 Aug 24, 1983 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Carbacyclines, process for their preparation and their use as medicines
EP0086612A1 * Feb 7, 1983 Aug 24, 1983 The Upjohn Company 9-Substituted carbacyclin analogues
EP0087237A1 * Feb 7, 1983 Aug 31, 1983 The Upjohn Company Carbacyclin analogues
EP0098793A1 * Jul 1, 1983 Jan 18, 1984 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Carbacycline amides, process for their preparation and their use as medicines
EP0155901A1 * Mar 6, 1985 Sep 25, 1985 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Carbacyclines, process for their preparation and their use as medicines
EP0195379A2 * Mar 14, 1986 Sep 24, 1986 G.D. Searle &amp; Co. Allenic prostacyclins
EP0195668A2 * Mar 19, 1986 Sep 24, 1986 Sankyo Company Limited Carbacyclin derivatives
EP0721783A1 * Jun 6, 1995 Jul 17, 1996 Toray Industries, Inc. Preventive and remedy for diseases caused by fibrinoid or thrombus formation in the lung and model animal for said diseases
EP2065054A1 Nov 29, 2007 Jun 3, 2009 Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft Combinations comprising a prostaglandin and uses thereof
DE3427797A1 * Jul 25, 1984 Feb 6, 1986 Schering Ag Zytoprotektive wirkung von prostacyclin-derivaten an leber, bauchspeicheldruese und niere
DE3448256C2 * Jul 25, 1984 Aug 18, 1988 Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4709 Bergkamen, De Cytoprotective action of prostacyclin derivatives on the pancreas
DE3448257C2 * Jul 25, 1984 Aug 18, 1988 Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4709 Bergkamen, De Cytoprotective action of prostacyclin derivatives on the kidney
DE4135193C1 * Oct 22, 1991 Mar 11, 1993 Schering Ag Berlin Und Bergkamen, 1000 Berlin, De Title not available
US5405870 * Nov 4, 1993 Apr 11, 1995 Sankyo Company, Limited Carbacyclin compounds; pharmaceutical compositions and method of use
US5489613 * Jan 21, 1992 Feb 6, 1996 Sankyo Company, Limited Carbacyclin derivatives, process for their preparation and compositions containing them
US5716989 * Nov 27, 1991 Feb 10, 1998 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Bicyclo 3.3.0!octane derivatives, process for their production and their pharmaceutical use
US5891910 * Jun 6, 1995 Apr 6, 1999 Schering Aktiengesellschaft 9-halogen-(Z) prostaglandin derivatives, process for their production and their use as pharmaceutical agents
US6040336 * Aug 6, 1996 Mar 21, 2000 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Prostane derivatives and the combination thereof with antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections
US6225347 Sep 27, 1994 May 1, 2001 Schering Aktiengesellschaft 9-halogen-(Z)-prostaglandin derivatives, process for their production and their use as pharmaceutical agents
WO1986000808A1 * Jul 18, 1985 Feb 13, 1986 Schering Ag Prostacycline derivatives with a cytoprotective action on the liver, the pancreas and the kidney
WO1987005294A1 * Mar 9, 1987 Sep 11, 1987 Schering Ag Cyclodextrinclathrates of carbacycline derivatives and their use as medicinal drugs
WO1988001867A1 * Sep 1, 1987 Mar 24, 1988 Schering Ag Topical agent containing prostacycline derivatives
WO1991014675A1 * Mar 27, 1991 Sep 29, 1991 Schering Ag Bicyclo[3.3.)]octane derivatives, process for producing them and their pharmaceutical use
WO1992014438A2 * Feb 11, 1992 Aug 13, 1992 Schering Ag Prostacycline and carbacycline derivatives as agents for treating feverish complaints
WO1994003175A1 * Aug 9, 1993 Feb 17, 1994 Schering Ag Use of prostane derivatives of formulae i and ii for the production of a medicament for the treatment of chronic polyarthritis
WO1997006806A1 * Aug 6, 1996 Feb 27, 1997 Schering Ag Use of prostane derivatives and the combination thereof with antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections

 

cicaprost

 

…………………………

Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1988 ,  vol. 53,  6  p. 1227 – 1231 entry4

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jo00241a020

ZK 96 480 (4). A solution of 19 (68 mg, 0.13 mmol) in eth-
er-toluene (3 mL, 2:l) was added to tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate containing HzO (2 drops). After adding 50% aqueous NaOH (0.8 mL), the whole reaction mixture was stirred at 55 “C for 48 h. The reaction was quenched with HzO, acidified with 5% aqueous HC1, extracted with ethyl acetate, washed withH20 and brine, and concentrated to give ZK 96 480 (4) (42 mg, 86%) as a colorless viscous oil:

[alZzD +138.25O (c 1.025, CHCI,). see pdf file for correct cut paste

Other spectral data were identical with those of an authentic
sample.’

(1) Skuballa, W.; Schillinger, E.; Stiinebecher, C.-St.; Vorbriiggen, H.
J. Med. Chem. 1986,29, 313.

……………………………….

Skuballa, W.; Schillinger, E.; Stiinebecher, C.-St.; Vorbriiggen, H.
J. Med. Chem. 1986,29, 313.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jm00153a001

see original pdf file for structures

we replaced the methylene group in the
3-position of 1, iloprost by an oxygen atom to prevent the 6-oxi-
dation of the upper side chain. The resulting decrease in
intrinsic activity was compensated for by modification of
the lower side chain. We converted the 13,14-double bond
into a triple bond, introduced a further methyl group at
(2-20, and synthesized selectively the pure 16(S)-methyl
diastereomer. These modifications resulted in the struc-
ture of 2 cicaprost (ZK 96 480), a carbacyclin analogue with a bio-
logical activity at least as high as that of prostacyclin and
iloprost.
The synthesis of 2 started with the preparation of the
lower side chain by resolving racemic 2-methyl-4-heptynoic
acid (3).7 By application of the method of Helmchen et
al.,” 3 was converted with phosphorus trichloride into the
acid chloride 4, which gave with D-(-)-a-phenylglycinol a
pair of diastereomeric amides. After chromatographic
separation on SOz, the more polar amide 5 (mp 124 ‘C)
was hydrolyzed with 3 N H2S04 in dioxane to furnish the
optically pure 2s-configurated acid 6 ([a]D -1.2’ (c 1,
EtOH), bp 128 ‘C (12 mm)). The 2s configuration of 6
was determined by hydrogenation of 6 to 2(S)-methyl-
heptanoic acid ([“ID +17.7′ (c 1, EtOH)), which was com-
pared with 2-methyl-alkanoic acids of known absolute
config~ration.~ Esterification of 6 with diazomethane
followed by reaction of the methyl ester 7 ([a]D +12.2’ (c
1, EtOH), bp 70 ‘C (12 mm)) with the lithium salt of ethyl
methylphosphonate afforded the optically pure phospho-
nate 8 ([‘Y]D +35.3’ (c 1, EtOH), bp 123 “C (0.3 mm)).

Condensation of the phosphonate 8 with the readily
available optically pure bicyclic aldehyde 93,4 (NaH, DME,

-20 “C) in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide furnished
the a,P-unsaturated bromo ketone 10 in 60% yield: oil;
(3 H, d, J = 7 Hz, CHCH,), 3.91 (4 H, m, OCH2CH20), 5.21
(1 H, m, H-llp), 7.09 (1 H, d, J = 10 Hz, H-13), 7.42-7.92
(5 H, m, COPh); IR (neat) 1720 (COPh), 1690 (COC=C)
cm-‘. Reduction of 10 (NaBH,, CH,OH, -40 “C) gave a
ca. 1:l mixture of the allylic alcohols lla and llb, which
was separated chromatographically.’O Dehydrobromina-
tion (50% aqueous NaOH, toluene, catalytic NBu4/HS04,
25 “C) of the less polar alcohol lla with concomitant sa-
ponification of the benzoate group followed by acidic
(HOAc, H20) cleavage of the ketal moiety afforded the
ketone 12 (73% from lla): oil; ‘H NMR (CD2C12) 6 1.06
(3 H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, CHCH,), 1.10 (3 H, t, J = 7.5 Hz,
CH,CH,), 4.22 (1 H, m, H-llb), 4.38 (1 H, m, H-158); IR
(neat) 1730 (C=O) cm-‘. After silylation of the hydroxyl
groups in 12 (C1SiMe2-t-Bu, DMF, imidazole), the ketone
13 was subjected to a Horner-Wittig reaction with triethyl
phosphonoacetate (KO-t-Bu, THF, 0 “C). Reduction of
the 1:l mixture of the isomeric a,p-unsaturated esters 14
with diisobutylaluminum hydride (toluene, 0 “C) gave after
chromatographic separation the E isomer 15a (32% from
12) and the less polar 2 isomer 15b.11

Etherification of 15a under phase-transfer conditions
with tert-butyl bromoacetate (50% aqueous NaOH, tolu-
ene, catalytic Bu4NHS04, 25 “C) was accompanied by
simultaneous cleavage of the tert-butyl ester to give 16
(87%). Finally, removal of the silyl ether groups (tetra-
n-butylammonium fluoride, THF, 25 “C) afforded 2 cicaprost,  in
86% yield: oil;

‘H NMR (CD,Cl,) 6= delta    1.07 (3 H, d, J = 6.8
Hz), 16@-CH3), 1.11 (3 H, t, J = 7.5 Hz, CH2CH3), 3.97 (1
H, m, H-llP), 4.06 (2 H, m, OCH,CO), 4.12 (2 H, m, =
H, m, H-5); IR (neat) 1730 (COOH) cm-‘.

 

………………

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125 (32), pp 9653–9667
DOI: 10.1021/ja030200l

Abstract Image

 

An asymmetric synthesis of the anti-metastatic prostacyclin analogue cicaprost and a formal one of its isomer isocicaprost by a new route are described. A key step of these syntheses is the coupling of a chiral bicyclic C6−C14 ethynyl building block with a chiral C15−C21 ω-side chain amide building block with formation of the C14−C15 bond of the target molecules.

A highly stereoselective reduction of the thereby obtained C6−C21 intermediate carrying a carbonyl group at C15 of the side chain was accomplished by the chiral oxazaborolidine method. The chiral phosphono acetate method was used for the highly stereoselective attachment of the α-side chain to the bicyclic C6−C21 intermediate carrying a carbonyl group at C6.

Asymmetric syntheses of the bicyclic C6−C14 ethynyl building blocks were carried out starting from achiral bicyclic C6−C12 ketones by using the chiral lithium amide method. In the course of these syntheses, a new method for the introduction of an ethynyl group at the α-position of the carbonyl group of a ketone with formation of the corresponding homopropargylic alcohol was devised.

Its key steps are an aldol reaction of the corresponding silyl enol ether with chloral and the elimination of a trichlorocarbinol derivative with formation of the ethynyl group. In addition, a new aldehyde to terminal alkyne transformation has been realized. Its key steps are the conversion of an aldehyde to the corresponding 1-alkenyl dimethylaminosulfoxonium salt and the elimination of the latter with a strong base.

Two basically different routes have been followed for the synthesis of the enantiomerically pure C15−C21 ω-side chain amide building block. The first is based on the chiral oxazolidinone method and features a highly stereoselective alkylation of (4R)-N-acetyl-4-benzyloxazolidin-2-one, and the second encompasses a malonate synthesis of the racemic amide and its efficient preparative scale resolution by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase containing column

 

…….

https://www.google.co.in/patents/EP0119949A1

(5E) -13,14,18,13,19,19-Hecadehydro-3-oxa-6a-carba-prostaglandin I 2derivatives of the general formula I

Figure imgb0016

(5E) – (16S) -13,14-didehydro-16 ,20-dimezhyl-3-oxa-18 ,18,19,19-tetradehydro-6a-carbaprostaglandin 1 2

      Example 1(5E) – (16S) -13,14-didehydro-16 ,20-dimezhyl-3-oxa-18 ,18,19,19-tetradehydro-6a-carbaprostaglandin 1

2

    • [0028]
      To a solution of 0.4 g in 12 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added to 80 mg of 55% sodium hydride (in mineral oil) and cook for 1 hour reflux. Is added to a solution of 127 mg of bromoacetic in 4 ml of tetrahydrofuran, boiled under reflux for 18 hours, diluted with ether and extracted four times with 30 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide. This extract is adjusted with 10% sulfuric acid at 0 ° C to pH 3 and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic extract is shaken with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum. Obtained 220 mg hydropyranyläther), which are for the elimination of the protective groups is stirred for 18 hours with 15 ml of acetic acid / water / tetrahydrofuran (65/35/10) at 25 ° C. It is evaporated to the addition of toluene, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel with ethyl acetate / 0.1 – 1% acetic acid. This gives 145 mg of the title compound as a colorless Ö1.
    • [0029]
      IR (CHC1 3): 3600, 3400 (broad), 2 93 0 222 3, 1730, 1600, 1425, 1380/cm.
    • [0030]
      The starting material for the above title compound is prepared as follows:

1 a)

    • [0031]
      To a suspension of 3.57 g of sodium hydride (55% in mineral oil) in 360 ml of dimethoxyethane was added dropwise at O ​​° C, a solution of 21.9 g of 3-methyl-2-oxo-oct-5-in-phosphonsäuredimethyl esters in 140 ml of dimethoxyethane was stirred for 1 hour at 0 ° C and then add 14.56 g of finely powdered N-bromosuccinimide. It is stirred for 1 hour at O ° C, treated with a solution of 22.5 g of (lR, 5S, 6R, 7R) -3,3 – ethylenedioxy-7-benzoyloxy-6-formyl-bicyclo [3.3.0] octane in 180 ml of dimethoxyethane and 4 hours the mixture is stirred at 0 ° C. The reaction mixture is diluted with 3 1 ether, washed neutral with brine, dried with sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue is chromatographed with hexane / ether as eluent on silica gel. Following three chromatography of the respective diastereomeric mixed fractions obtained as polar compound 8.1 g and a polar compound 7.4 g of the title compound as colorless oils.
    • [0032]
      IR: 2935, 2878, 17 15, 1690, 1601, 1595, 1450, 1270, 948/cm.

1 b)

    • [0033]
      To a solution of 7.4. G of produced according to Example 1 a) ketone in 140 ml of methanol is added at -20 ° C. 3 g of sodium borohydride in portions and stirred for 30 minutes at -20 ° C. Then diluted with ether, washed neutral with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum.
    • [0034]
      The crude product (15-epimer) is dissolved in 300 ml of methanol, added to 2.95 g of potassium carbonate and stirred for 21 hours at 23 ° C under argon. Then concentrated in vacuo, diluted with ether and washed neutral with brine. It is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum. By column chromatography on silica gel with ether / methylene chloride (7 +3) first obtained 2.6 g of the 15SS-configured alcohol as well as 2.1 g of the more polar component 15a-configured alcohol (PG nomenclature) as colorless oils.
    • [0035]
      A solution of 2.1 g of the above prepared alcohol 15a, 20 mg of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 1.4 g of dihydropyran in 50 ml of methylene chloride is stirred for 30 minutes at 0 ° C. Then it is poured into dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, extracted with ether, washed neutral with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum. Chromatography of the residue on silica gel, using hexane / ether (6 +4), 2.6 g of the title compound as a colorless oil.
    • [0036]
      IR: 2939, 2877, 1450, 969, 948 / cm.

1 c) bicyclo [3.3.0] octane-3-one

    • [0037]
      A solution of 290 mg of the of Example 1 b) the compound prepared in 2.5 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide and 1 ml of tetrahydrofuran is mixed with 112 mg of potassium tert-butoxide and stirred for 2 hours at 23 ° C. It is diluted with 10 ml of water and extracted three times with 10 ml of ether / hexane (7 +3), wash the extract with water until neutral, dried over brine and evaporated under vacuum.
    • [0038]
      It is stirred for 22 hours with the residue 15 ml of acetic acid / water / tetrahydrofuran (65/35/10) evaporated in a vacuum with the addition of toluene, and the residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel. With ether eluted 150 mg oily substance, which is reacted in 5 ml of dichloromethane with 140 mg of dihydropyran and 1 mg of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 0 ° C.. After 30 minutes, diluted with ether, extracted with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum. Chromatography of the residue on silica gel with hexane / ether (1 +1), 185 mg of the title compound as a colorless oil.
    • [0039]
      IR: 2940, 2876, 2216, 1738, 1020, 970 / cm.

1 d)

  • [0040]
    To a solution of 529 mg Phosphonoessigsäuretri acid ethyl ester in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added at 0 C 225 mg of potassium tert-butoxide, stirred for 10 minutes, treated with a solution of 0.6 g of the product of Example 1 c) ketone in 6 ml of toluene and stirred for 22 hours at 23 ° C. It is diluted with 150 mL of ether, shake once with water, once with 20% sodium hydroxide, washed neutral with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum. The residue is filtered using hexane / ether (6 +4) over silica gel. Thereby obtain 0.58 g of the unsaturated ester as a colorless oil.
  • [0041]
    IR: 2940, 2870, 2212, 1704, 1655, 970 / cm.
  • [0042]
    It adds 150 mg of lithium aluminum hydride in portions at 0 ° C to a stirred solution of 570 mg of the ester prepared in 25 ml of ether and stirred for 30 minutes at 0 ° C. Destroying the excess reagent by dropwise addition of ethyl acetate, added to 1 ml of water, stirred for 3 hours at 20 ° C, filtered and evaporated under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed with ether / hexane (3 +2) on silica gel. Thereby obtained as a non-polar compound 140 mg of 2 – {(Z) – (1S, 5S, 6S, 7R) -7 – (tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy) -6 – / R3S, 4S)-4-methyl-3-( tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-nona-1 ,6-diinyl]-bicyclo [3.3.0] octane-3-ylidene} – ethane-1-ol and 180 mg of the title compound as a colorless oil.
  • [0043]
    IR: 3620, 3450 (broad), 2940, 2860, 2212, 970/cm.

 

 

 

 

…………….

ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

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CILUPREVIR

 phase 2, Uncategorized  1 Response »
Jan 122014
 

CILUPREVIR

(1S,4R,6S,7Z,14S,18R)-14- {[(cyclopentyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-18-[(7-methoxy-2- {2-[(propan-2-yl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}quinolin-4- yl)oxy]-2,15-dioxo-3,16- diazatricyclo[14.3.0.0{4,6}]nonadec-7-ene-4- carboxylic acid

Ciluprevir, BILN-2061, BILN 2061, CHEBI:161337, BILN2061, BILN 2061ZW, BILN-2061-ZW,

CAS , 300832-84-2

Molecular Formula: C40H50N6O8S   Molecular Weight: 774.9254
Abstract Image

Ciluprevir is used in the treatment of hepatitis C. It is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG under the research code of BILN-2061. It is targeted against NS2-3 protease.[1]

Ciluprevir is an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor which had been in phase II clinical trials at Boehringer Ingelheim for the treatment of hepatitis C, however, no recent developments from the company have been reported.

  1.  Abbenante, G; Fairlie, DP (2005). “Protease inhibitors in the clinic”. Medicinal chemistry 1 (1): 71–104. PMID 16789888.

 

1. Challenge and Opportunity in Scaling-Up Metathesis Reaction: Synthesis of Ciluprevir (BILN 2061)Peter J. Dunn, et al

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118354520.ch10/summary
DOI: 10.1002/9781118354520.ch10

 

2. Synthesis of BILN 2061, an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor with proven antiviral effect in humans
Org Lett 2004, 6(17): 2901

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ol0489907

 

3. Efficient synthesis of (S)-2-(cyclopentyloxycarbonyl)-amino-8-nonenoic acid: Key buiding block for BILN 2061, an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor
Org Process Res Dev 2007, 11(1): 60

 

4. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2011 ,  vol. 29,  7  pg. 1489 – 1502

DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180270

 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cjoc.201180270/abstract;jsessionid=F5F4331F5A95D00728394A254C2B1AE7.f01t04

…………………………..

US 8222369

WO 2006071619

WO 2000059929

WO 2004092203

WO 2004039833

WO 2004037855

WO 2006036614

WO 2006033878

WO 2005042570

WO 2004093915

………………………………………………………………………..

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US8222369

 

 

Figure US08222369-20120717-C00019

 

Figure US08222369-20120717-C00021

 

 

…………………………………………………………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2000059929A1

COMPD 822 IS CILUPREVIR IN TABLE 8

EXAMPLE 8 Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2[4(2-isopropylaminothiazolyl)] quinoline (8f ) Note: [ A variety of 2-alkylaminothiazolyl substituents were made using the same synthetic scheme where compound 8b was replaced by other alkyl thioureas.]

 

Figure imgf000045_0001

 

Figure imgf000045_0002

8b 8c 8d

Figure imgf000046_0001

A. The protocol used for the conversion of -anisidine to 8a was identical to that described in the literature: F.J. Brown et al. J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32 , 807-826. However, the purification procedure was modified to avoid purification by chromatography. The EtOAc phase containing the desired product was treated with a mixture of MgSO4, charcoal and 5% w/w (based on expected mass) silica gel. After filtration on celite, the product was triturated with ether. Compound 8a was obtained as a pale brown solid in >99% purity (as confirmed by HPLC).

B. A suspension of isopropyl thiourea (8b, 3.55 g, 30 mmol) and 3- bromopyruvic acid (8c, 5 g, 1 eq.) in dioxane (300 mL , 0.1 M) was heated to 80 °C.

Upon reaching 80 C the solution became clear and soon after the product precipitated as a white solid. After 2 hours of heating, the solution was cooled to RT and the white precipitate was filtered to obtain compound 8d in high purity (>98% purity as confirmed by NMR) and 94% yield (7.51 g). C. A mixture of the carboxylic acid 8d (4.85 g, 18.2 mmol) and the aniline derivative 8a (3 g, leq.) in pyridine (150 mL, 0.12 M) was cooled to -30 °C (upon cooling, the clear solution became partially a suspension). Phosphorus oxychloride (3.56 ml, 2.1 eq.) was then added slowly over a 5 min period. The reaction was stirred at -30 C for 1 h, the bath was removed and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm-up to RT. After 1.5 h the reaction mixture was poured into ice, the pH was adjusted to 11 with aqueous 3N NaOH, extracted with CH2C12, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The beige solid was then purified by flash chromatography (45% EtOAc in hexane) to give compound 8e as a pale yellow solid in 73% yield (6.07 g). D. A solution of tBuOK (2.42 g, 21.6 mmol) in anhydrous tBuOH (40ml, 0.14 M, distilled from Mg metal) was heated to reflux. Compound 8e (1.8g, 5.4 mmol) was added portion-wise over 5 min and the dark red solution formed was stirred at reflux for an additional 20 min (completion of the reaction was monitored by HPLC). The mixture was cooled to RT and HCl was added (4 N in dioxane, 1.5 eq.). The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum, in order to assure that all of the

HCl and dioxane were removed, the product was re-dissolved twice in CH2C12 and dried under vacuum to finally obtain the HCl salt of compound 8f as a beige solid (1.62 g, 93% pure by HPLC). The product was then poured into a phosphate buffer

(IN NaH2PO4, pH=~4.5) and sonicated. The beige solid was filtered and dried under vacuum to give compound 8f (1.38 g, 81% yield) as a beige solid (91% pure by HPLC).

*H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.27 (s, IH), 8.12 (d, IH, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.97 (br.s, IH), 7.94 (s, IH), 7.43 (s, IH), 7.24 (dd, IH, J = 9.2, 2.2 Hz), 3.97 (m, IH), 3.94 (s, 3H), 1.24 (d, 2H, J = 6.4 Hz)

…………

METHYL ESTER

EXAMPLE 34c

Using the same procedure as described in example 34 but reacting bromoketone 34f with commercially available N-iso-propylthiourea gave # 822

 

Figure imgf000095_0002

Η NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.63 (s, IH), 8.33-8.23 (bs, IH), 8.21 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, IH), 8.04 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, IH), 7.86 (bs, IH), 7.77 (s, IH), 7.35-7.23 (m, 2H), 5.81 (bs, IH), 5.52 (dd, J = 8.5 Hz, IH), 5.27 (dd, J = 9.2 Hz, IH), 4.65 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, IH), 4.51 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 4.37 (bs, IH), 4.15 (bs, IH), 4.07-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.88 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, IH), 2.60-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.10 (dd, J = 9.2 Hz, IH), 1.80-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.29 (m, 13H), 1.27 and 1.25 (2 x d, J – 6.5 Hz, 6H), 1.23-1.09 (m, 2H). MS; es+: 775.0 (M + H)+, es : 772.9 (M – H)\

CILUPREVIR IS FREE ACID OF ABOVE AND HAS ENTRY 822 TABLE 8

………

FREE AMINO COMPD

(Table 8)

 

Figure imgf000090_0001

 

Figure imgf000090_0002

 

Figure imgf000091_0001

 

Figure imgf000091_0002

A. To a solution of the macrocyclic intermediate 23b (13.05 g, 27.2 mmol, 1.0 eq.), Ph3P (14.28 g, 54.4 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 2-carboxymethoxy-4-hydroxy-7- methoxyquinoline (WO 00/09543 & WO 00/09558) (6.67 g, 28.6 mmol, 1.05 eq) in

THF (450 mL) at 0°C, DIAD (10.75 mL, 54.6 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added dropwise over a period of 15 min. The ice bath was then removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h. After the complete conversion of starting material to products, the solvent was evaporated under vacuum, the remaining mixture diluted with

EtOAc, washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2x) and brine (lx), the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to dryness. Pure compound 34a was obtained after flash column chromatography; the column was eluted first with hexane/EtOAc (50:50), followed by CHCl3/EtOAc (95:5) to remove Ph3PO and

DIAD byproducts and elution of the impurities was monitored by TLC. Finally, the desired product 34a was eluted from the column with CHC13/ EtOAc (70:30).

Usually, the chromatography step had to be repeated 2-3 times before compound 34a could be isolated in high purity as a white solid with an overall yield of 68% (12.8 g, 99.5% pure by HPLC).

B. To a solution of the Boc-protected intermediate 34a (1.567g) in CH2C12 (15 mL), 4N HCl in dioxane (12 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. [In the event that a thick gel would form half way through the reaction period, an additional 10 mL CH2C12 was added.] Upon completion of the deprotection the solvents were evaporate to dryness to obtain a yellow solid and a paste like material. The mixture was redissolved in approximately 5% MeOH in

CH2C12 and re-evaporated to dryness under vacuum to obtain compound 34b as a yellow solid, which was used in the next step without any purification. C. To a solution of cyclopentanol (614 μL, 6.76 mmoL) in THF (15 mL), a solution of phosgene in toluene (1.93 M, 5.96 mL, 11.502 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at R.T. for 2 h to form the cyclopentyl chloroformate reagent (z). After that period, approximately half of the solvent was removed by evaporation under vacuum, the remaining light yellow solution was diluted by the addition of CH2C12 (5 mL) and concentrated to half of its original volume, in order to assure the removal of all excess phosgene. The above solution of the cyclopentyl chloroformate reagent was further diluted with THF (15 mL) and added to the amine-2HCl salt 34b. The mixture was cooled to 0 C in an ice bath, the pH was adjusted to -8.5-9 with the addition of Et3N (added dropwise) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 C for 1 h. After that period, the mixture was diluted with

EtOAc, washed with water (lx), saturated NaHCO3 (2x), H2O (2x) and brine (lx).

The organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and evaporated under vacuum to obtain a yellow-amber foam. Compound 34c was obtained as a white foam after purification by flash column chromatography (using a solvent gradient from 30% hexane to 20% hexane in EtOAc as the eluent) in 80% yield (1.27 g) and >93% purity. D. The dimethyl ester 34c (1.17g) was dissolved in a mixture of

THF/MeOH/H2O (20 mL, 2:1:1 ratio), and an aqueous solution of NaOH (1.8 mL,

IN, 1 eq.) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h before it was evaporated to dryness to obtain the sodium salt 34d as a white solid (-1.66 mmol). Compound 34d was used in the next step without purification.

E. The crude sodium salt 34d (1.66 mmoL) was dissolved in THF (17 mL), Et3N was added and the mixture was cooled to 0 C in an ice bath. Isobutylchloroformate

(322 μl, 2.5 mmol) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at 0 C for 75 min. After that period, diazomethane (15 mL) was added and stirring was continued at 0 C for 30 min and then at RT for an additional 1 h. Most of the solvent was evaporated to dryness under vacuum, the remaining mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated NaHCO3 (2x), H2O (2x) and brine (lx), dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to dryness to obtain compound 34e as a light yellow foam (1.2g, -1.66 mmol). The diazoketone intermediate 34e was used in the next step without purification.

F. The diazoketone 34e (1.2g, 1.66 mmoL) dissolved in THF (17 mL) was cooled to 0 C in an ice bath. A solution of aqueous HBr (48%, 1.24 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 C for 1 h. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc, wash with saturated NaHCO3 (2x), H2O (2x) and brine (lx), the organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and evaporated to dryness to obtain the β-bromoketone intermediate 34f as a light yellow foam (-1.657 mmol).

G. To a solution of the bromoketone 34f (600 mg,0.779 mmol) in isopropanol (5 mL), thiourea (118 mg, 1.55 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was placed in a pre-heated oil bath at 75 C where it was allowed to stir for 1 hr. The isopropanol was then removed under vacuum and the product dissolved in EtOAc

(100 mL). The solution was washed with saturated NaHCO3 and brine, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated to afford the crude product 34g (522 mg) as a red-brown solid. This material was used in the final step without any further purification.

H. The crude methyl ester 34g (122 mg, 0.163 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of THF/MeOH/H2O (2:1:1 ratio, 4 mL) and saponified using LiOH»H2O (89 mg, 2.14 mmol). The hydrolysis reaction was carried out over a 12-15 h period at RT. The solvents were then removed under vacuum and the crude product purified by C18 reversed phase HPLC, using a solvent gradient from 10% CH3CN in H2O to 100%

CH3CN, to afford the HCV protease inhibitor #812 as a yellow solid (24 mg, 20% overall yield for the conversion of intermediate 34f to inhibitor #812).

*H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.63 (s, IH), 8.26-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.79 (bs, IH), 7.72

(bs, IH), 7.50 (bs, 2H), 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 5.77 (bs, IH), 5.52 (dd, J = 8.3 Hz, IH), 5.27 (dd, J = 9.2 Hz, IH), 4.64 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, IH), 4.50 (dd, J = 8.3 Hz, IH), 4.39-4.31 (m, IH), 4.08-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.87 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 2H), 2.65-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.46- 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.12 (dd, J = 8.6 Hz, IH), 1.80-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.06 (m, 14H). MS; es+: 733.2 (M + H)+, es“: 731.2 (M – H)\

………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006036614A2

(Z)-( 1S,4R, 14S, 18R)- 14-Cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino- 18-[2-(2- isopropylamino-thiazol-4-yl)-7-methoxy-quinolin-4-yloxy]-2,15-dioxo-3,16-diaza- tricyclo[14.3.0.0 ‘ ]nonadec-7-ene-4-carboxylic acid , whose chemical structure is as follows:

Figure imgf000015_0001

, provided for in Tsantrizos et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,608,027 Bl,

…………………………

https://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2005090383A2

ENTRY 218

Figure imgf000034_0001

…………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2004039833A1

Figure imgf000015_0003

 

……………..

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2007, 11 (1), pp 60–63
DOI: 10.1021/op0601924

A new procedure for the practical synthesis of (S)-2-(cyclopentyloxycarbonyl)amino-8-nonenoic acid, a key building block for BILN 2061, an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor, has been developed. The key step features a kinetic resolution of racemic 2-acetylamino-8-nonenoic acid with acylase I. In addition, the undesired (R)-2-acetylamino-8-nonenoic acid was recycled after racemization. The procedure was implemented for the production of (S)-2-(cyclopentyloxycarbonyl)amino-8-nonenoic acid on pilot-plant scale.

Figure

 

Figure

……………

nmr

Synthesis of BILN 2061, an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor with proven antiviral effect in humans
Org Lett 2004, 6(17): 2901

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ol0489907

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol0489907/suppl_file/ol0489907si20040715_032207.pdf  procedure

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol0489907/suppl_file/ol0489907si20040715_032254.pdf nmr spectra

BILN 2061:

Methyl ester 18 (2.69 g, 3.41 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of THF
(40 mL), MeOH (20 mL) and water (20 mL) and added LiOH.H2O (1.14 g, 27.3 mmol).The resulting mixture was left to stir at RT for 15 h. The solvents were then removedunder reduced pressure and the crude product was redissolved with EtOAc and dilutedwith brine. The pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to 6 with aqueous HCl (1N) and theaqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic phase werewashed with water, brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure toafford BILN 2061 as a yellow solid (2.63 g, 99% yield). HPLC(A) 99%, MS m/z (ES+)773 (M+H)+, (ES-) 775 (M-H)-;

1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.26-8.15 (m, 2H),
7.79 (bs, 1H), 7.72 (bs, 1H), 7.50 (bs, 2H), 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 5.77 (bs, 1H), 5.52 (dd, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (dd, J= 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J= 10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H),4.39-4.31 (m, 1H), 4.08-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.87 (d, J= 9.5 Hz, 2H), 2.65-2.53(m, 2H), 2.46-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.12 (dd, J= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.06(m, 14H); HRMS calcd for C40H51N6O8S: 775.3489; found: 775.3476

 

…………………………

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ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

THANKS AND REGARD’S

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

did you feel happy, a head to toe paralysed man’s soul in action for you round the clock

need help, email or call me

MOBILE-+91 9323115463

web link

I was  paralysed in dec2007, Posts dedicated to my family, my organisation Glenmark, Your readership keeps me going and brings smiles to my family

Share

FAVIPIRAVIR ………… Phase 3 clinical trials for investigational flu treatment drug started

 Uncategorized  1 Response »
Jan 092014
 

 

FAVIPIRAVIR

Toyama (Originator)

RNA-Directed RNA Polymerase (NS5B) Inhibitors

Chemical Formula: C5H4FN3O2
CAS #: 259793-96-9
Molecular Weight: 157.1

Anti-influenza compound
clinical trials  http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/intervention=Favipiravir
Chemical Name: 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide
Synonyms: T-705, T705, Favipiravir

T-705 is an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor which has been filed for approval in Japan for the oral treatment of influenza A (including avian and H1N1 infections) and for the treatment of influenza B infection.

The compound is a unique viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, acting on viral genetic copying to prevent its reproduction, discovered by Toyama Chemical. In 2005, Utah State University carried out various studies under its contract with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and demonstrated that T-705 has exceptionally potent activity in mouse infection models of H5N1 avian influenza.

T-705 (Favipiravir) is an antiviral pyrazinecarboxamide-based, inhibitor of of the influenza virus with an EC90 of 1.3 to 7.7 uM (influenza A, H5N1). EC90 ranges for other influenza A subtypes are 0.19-1.3 uM, 0.063-1.9 uM, and 0.5-3.1 uM for H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2, respectively. T-705 also exhibits activity against type B and C viruses, with EC90s of 0.25-0.57 uM and 0.19-0.36 uM, respectively. (1) Additionally, T-705 has broad activity against arenavirus, bunyavirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and West Nile virus with EC50s ranging from 5 to 300 uM.

Studies show that T-705 ribofuranosyl triphosphate is the active form of T-705 and acts like purines or purine nucleosides in cells and does not inhibit DNA synthesis

In 2012, MediVector was awarded a contract from the U.S. Department of Defense’s (DOD) Joint Project Manager Transformational Medical Technologies (JPM-TMT) to further develop T-705 (favipiravir), a broad-spectrum therapeutic against multiple influenza viruses.

Several novel anti-influenza compounds are in various phases of clinical development. One of these, T-705 (favipiravir), has a mechanism of action that is not fully understood but is suggested to target influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We investigated the mechanism of T-705 activity against influenza A (H1N1) viruses by applying selective drug pressure over multiple sequential passages in MDCK cells. We found that T-705 treatment did not select specific mutations in potential target proteins, including PB1, PB2, PA, and NP. Phenotypic assays based on cell viability confirmed that no T-705-resistant variants were selected. In the presence of T-705, titers of infectious virus decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) during serial passage in MDCK cells inoculated with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI; 0.0001 PFU/cell) or with 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses at a high MOI (10 PFU/cell). There was no corresponding decrease in the number of viral RNA copies; therefore, specific virus infectivity (the ratio of infectious virus yield to viral RNA copy number) was reduced. Sequence analysis showed enrichment of G→A and C→T transversion mutations, increased mutation frequency, and a shift of the nucleotide profiles of individual NP gene clones under drug selection pressure. Our results demonstrate that T-705 induces a high rate of mutation that generates a nonviable viral phenotype and that lethal mutagenesis is a key antiviral mechanism of T-705. Our findings also explain the broad spectrum of activity of T-705 against viruses of multiple families.

favipiravir

Favipiravir also known as T-705 is an experimental anti-viral drug with activity against many RNA viruses. It, like some other experimental antiviraldrugs—T-1105 and T-1106, is apyrazinecarboxamide derivative. Favipiravir is active against influenza viruses, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus as well as other flaviviruses, arenaviruses, bunyavirusesand alphaviruses.[1]

The mechanism of its actions is thought to be related to the selective inhibition of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Favipiravir does not inhibit RNA of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells and is not toxic to them.[1]

  1.  Furuta, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Shiraki, K.; Sakamoto, K.; Smee, D. F.; Barnard, D. L.; Gowen, B. B.; Julander, J. G.; Morrey, J. D. (2009). “T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections”. Antiviral Research 82 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198. PMID 19428599. edit
  3. WO 2000010569
  4. WO 2008099874
  5. WO 201009504
  6. WO 2010104170
  7. WO 2012063931

 

Process route

OH

OH

hydrolysis

……………………………………………………………………………………

Influenza virus is a central virus of the cold syndrome, which has attacked human being periodically to cause many deaths amounting to tens millions. Although the number of deaths shows a tendency of decrease in the recent years owing to the improvement in hygienic and nutritive conditions, the prevalence of influenza is repeated every year, and it is apprehended that a new virus may appear to cause a wider prevalence.

For prevention of influenza virus, vaccine is used widely, in addition to which low molecular weight substances such as Amantadine and Ribavirin are also used

 

……………………………….

Synthesis of Favipiravir

ZHANG Tao1, KONG Lingjin1, LI Zongtao1,YUAN Hongyu1, XU Wenfang2*

(1. Shandong Qidu PharmaceuticalCo., Ltd., Linzi 255400; 2. School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan250012)

ABSTRACT: Favipiravir was synthesized from3-amino-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid by esterification, bromination with NBS,diazotization and amination to give 6-bromo-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide,which was subjected to chlorination with POCl3, fluorination with KF, andhydrolysis with an overall yield of about 22％.

………………………………..

US6787544

 

 

Figure US06787544-20040907-C00005

 

subs            G1 G2 G3 G4 R2
    compd 32 N CH C—CF3 N H

…………………

EP2192117

Figure US20100286394A1-20101111-C00001

Example 1-1

 

Figure US20100286394A1-20101111-C00002

 

To a 17.5 ml N,N-dimethylformamide solution of 5.0 g of 3,6-difluoro-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile, a 3.8 ml water solution of 7.83 g of potassium acetate was added dropwise at 25 to 35° C., and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. 0.38 ml of ammonia water was added to the reaction mixture, and then 15 ml of water and 0.38 g of active carbon were added. The insolubles were filtered off and the filter cake was washed with 11 ml of water. The filtrate and the washing were joined, the pH of this solution was adjusted to 9.4 with ammonia water, and 15 ml of acetone and 7.5 ml of toluene were added. Then 7.71 g of dicyclohexylamine was added dropwise and the solution was stirred at 20 to 30° C. for 45 minutes. Then 15 ml of water was added dropwise, the solution was cooled to 10° C., and the precipitate was filtered and collected to give 9.44 g of dicyclohexylamine salt of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyradinecarbonitrile as a lightly yellowish white solid product.

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ values: 1.00-1.36 (10H, m), 1.56-1.67 (2H, m), 1.67-1.81 (4H, m), 1.91-2.07 (4H, m), 3.01-3.18 (2H, m), 8.03-8.06 (1H, m), 8.18-8.89 (1H, broad)

Example 1-2

4.11 ml of acetic acid was added at 5 to 15° C. to a 17.5 ml N,N-dimethylformamide solution of 5.0 g of 3,6-difluoro-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile. Then 7.27 g of triethylamine was added dropwise and the solution was stirred for 2 hours. 3.8 ml of water and 0.38 ml of ammonia water were added to the reaction mixture, and then 15 ml of water and 0.38 g of active carbon were added. The insolubles were filtered off and the filter cake was washed with 11 ml of water. The filtrate and the washing were joined, the pH of the joined solution was adjusted to 9.2 with ammonia water, and 15 ml of acetone and 7.5 ml of toluene were added to the solution, followed by dropwise addition of 7.71 g of dicyclohexylamine. Then 15 ml of water was added dropwise, the solution was cooled to 5° C., and the precipitate was filtered and collected to give 9.68 g of dicyclohexylamine salt of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile as a slightly yellowish white solid product.

Examples 2 to 5

The compounds shown in Table 1 were obtained in the same way as in Example 1-1.

 

TABLE 1
Figure US20100286394A1-20101111-C00003
Example No. Organic amine Example No. Organic amine
2 Dipropylamine 4 Dibenzylamine
3 Dibutylamine 5 N-benzylmethylamine

 

Dipropylamine salt of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 6 values: 0.39 (6H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 1.10 (4H, sex, J=7.5 Hz), 2.30-2.38 (4H, m), 7.54 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz)

Dibutylamine salt of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) 6 values: 0.36 (6H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 0.81 (4H, sex, J=7.3 Hz), 0.99-1.10 (4H, m), 2.32-2.41 (4H, m), 7.53 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz)

Dibenzylamine salt of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ values: 4.17 (4H, s), 7.34-7.56 (10H, m), 8.07 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz)

N-benzylmethylamine salt of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ values: 2.57 (3H, s), 4.14 (2H, s), 7.37-7.53 (5H, m), 8.02-8.08 (1H, m)

Preparation Example 1

 

Figure US20100286394A1-20101111-C00004

 

300 ml of toluene was added to a 600 ml water solution of 37.5 g of sodium hydroxide. Then 150 g of dicyclohexylamine salt of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile was added at 15 to 25° C. and the solution was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The water layer was separated and washed with toluene, and then 150 ml of water was added, followed by dropwise addition of 106 g of a 30% hydrogen peroxide solution at 15 to 30° C. and one-hour stirring at 20 to 30° C. Then 39 ml of hydrochloric acid was added, the seed crystals were added at 40 to 50° C., and 39 ml of hydrochloric acid was further added dropwise at the same temperature. The solution was cooled to 10° C. the precipitate was filtered and collected to give 65.6 g of 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide as a slightly yellowish white solid.

1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ values: 8.50 (1H, s), 8.51 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 8.75 (1H, s), 13.41 (1H, s)

 

………………….

jan 2014

Investigational flu treatment drug has broad-spectrum potential to fight multiple viruses
First patient enrolled in the North American Phase 3 clinical trials for investigational flu treatment drug

BioDefense Therapeutics (BD Tx)—a Joint Product Management office within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)—announced the first patient enrolled in the North American Phase 3 clinical trials for favipiravir (T-705a). The drug is an investigational flu treatment candidate with broad-spectrum potential being developed by BD Tx through a contract with Boston-based MediVector, Inc.

Favipiravir is a novel, antiviral compound that works differently than anti-flu drugs currently on the market. The novelty lies in the drug’s selective disruption of the viralRNA replication and transcription process within the infected cell to stop the infection cycle.

“Favipiravir has proven safe and well tolerated in previous studies,” said LTC Eric G. Midboe, Joint Product Manager for BD Tx. “This first patient signifies the start of an important phase in favipiravir’s path to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for flu and lays the groundwork for future testing against other viruses of interest to the DoD.”

In providing therapeutic solutions to counter traditional, emerging, and engineered biological threats, BD Tx chose favipiravir not only because of its potential effectiveness against flu viruses, but also because of its demonstrated broad-spectrum potential against multiple viruses.  In addition to testing favipiravir in the ongoing influenzaprogram, BD Tx is testing the drug’s efficacy against the Ebola virus and other viruses considered threats to service members. In laboratory testing, favipiravir was found to be effective against a wide variety of RNA viruses in infected cells and animals.

“FDA-approved, broad-spectrum therapeutics offer the fastest way to respond to dangerous and potentially lethal viruses,” said Dr. Tyler Bennett, Assistant Product Manager for BD Tx.

MediVector is overseeing the clinical trials required by the  FDA  to obtain drug licensure. The process requires safety data from at least 1,500 patients treated for flu at the dose and duration proposed for marketing of the drug. Currently, 150 trial sites are planned throughout the U.S.

SOURCE BioDefense Therapeutics

 

Efficient synthesis of 3H,3’H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-isobenzofuran]-3,3′-dione as novel skeletons specifically for influenza virus type B inhibition.

Malpani Y, Achary R, Kim SY, Jeong HC, Kim P, Han SB, Kim M, Lee CK, Kim JN, Jung YS.

Eur J Med Chem. 2013 Apr;62:534-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.015. Epub 2013 Jan 29.

 

 

US3631036 * Nov 4, 1969 Dec 28, 1971 American Home Prod 5-amino-2 6-substituted-7h-pyrrolo(2 3-d) pyrimidines and related compounds
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US5459142 * Aug 23, 1993 Oct 17, 1995 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Pyrazinyl and piperazinyl substituted pyrazine compounds
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GB1198688A Title not available
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ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

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SURAMIN HEXASODIUM

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Jan 082014
 

 

suramin

A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.

A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. Suramin is manufactured by Bayer in Germany as Germanin®.

Also known as: Naphuride, Germanin, Naganol, Belganyl, Fourneau, Farma, Antrypol, Suramine, Naganin

8,8′-{Carbonylbis[imino-3,1-phenylenecarbonylimino(4-methyl-3,1-phenylene)carbonylimino]}di(1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid) …FREE FORM

8,8′-[Ureylenebis[m-phenylenecarbonylimino(4-methyl-m-phenylene)carbonylimino]]di(1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid) hexasodium salt

CAS  145-63-1 FREE FORM

129-46-4 of hexa sodium

LAUNCHED 1940 BAYER

Formula C51H40N6O23S6 
Mol. mass 1297.29

The molecular formula of suramin is C51H34N6O23S6. It is a symmetric molecule in the center of which lies urea, NH-CO-NH. Suramin contains eightbenzene rings, four of which are fused in pairs (naphthalene), four amide groups in addition to the one of urea and six sulfonate groups. When given as drug it usually contains six sodium ions that form a salt with the six sulfonate groups.

Suramin is a drug developed by Oskar Dressel and Richard Kothe of Bayer, Germany in 1916, and is still sold by Bayer under the brand nameGermanin.

Suramin sodium is a heparanase inhibitor that was first launched in 1940 by Bayer under the brand name Antrypol for the treatment of helminthic infection. It was later launched by Bayer for the treatment of trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness).

More recently, the product has entered early clinical development at Ohio State University for the treatment of platinum-pretreated patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer, in combination with docetaxel or gemcitabine.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is conducting phase II clinical studies for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.

According to the National Cancer Institute there are no active clinical trials (as of April 1, 2008). Completed and closed clinical trials are listed here:[1]

In addition to Germanin, the National Cancer Institute also lists the following “Foreign brand names”: 309 F or 309 Fourneau,[1] Bayer 205, Moranyl, Naganin, Naganine.

It is used for treatment of human sleeping sickness caused by trypanosomes.[2]

It has been used in the treatment of onchocerciasis.[3]

It has been investigated as treatment for prostate cancer.[4]

Also, suramin as treatment for autism is being evaluated. [5]

Suramin is administered by a single weekly intravenous injection for six weeks. The dose per injection is 1 g.

The most frequent adverse reactions are nausea and vomiting. About 90% of patients will get an urticarial rash that disappears in a few days without needing to stop treatment. There is a greater than 50% chance of adrenal cortical damage, but only a smaller proportion will require lifelongcorticosteroid replacement. It is common for patients to get a tingling or crawling sensation of the skin with suramin. Suramin will cause clouding of the urine which is harmless: patients should be warned of this to avoid them becoming alarmed.

Kidney damage and exfoliative dermatitis occur less commonly.

Suramin has been applied clinically to HIV/AIDS patients resulting in a significant number of fatal occurrences and as a result the application of this molecule was abandoned for this condition. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3548350

Suramin is also used in research as a broad-spectrum antagonist of P2 receptors[6][7] and agonist of Ryanodine receptors.[8]

ChemSpider 2D Image | 8,8'-{Carbonylbis[imino-3,1-phenylenecarbonylimino(4-methyl-3,1-phenylene)carbonylimino]}di(1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid) | C51H40N6O23S6suramin

Its effect on telomerase has been investigated.[9]

It may have some activity against RNA viruses.[10]

In addition to antagonism of P2 receptors, Suramin inhibits the acitivation of heterotrimeric G proteins in a variety of other GPCRs with varying potency. It prevents the association of heteromeric G proteins and therefore the receptors Guanine exchange functionality (GEF). With this blockade the GDP will not release from the Gα subunit so it can not be replaced by a GTP and become activated. This has the effect of blocking downstream G protein mediated signaling of various GPCR proteins including Rhodopsin, the A1 Adenosine receptor, and the D2 dopamine receptor.[11]

A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. Suramin is manufactured by Bayer in Germany as Germanin®.

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Identification of a sirtuin 3 inhibitor that displays selectivity over sirtuin 1 and 2.
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Inhibition of the human deacylase Sirtuin 5 by the indole GW5074.
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  1.  The formula of suramin was kept secret by Bayer for commercial reasons. But it was elucidated and published in 1924 by Fourneau and his team of the Pasteur Institute, and it is only on this date that its exact chemical composition was known. (E. Fourneau, J. and Th. Tréfouël and J. Vallée (1924). “Sur une nouvelle série de médicaments trypanocides”, C. R. Séances Acad. Sci. 178: 675.)
  2. Darsaud A, Chevrier C, Bourdon L, Dumas M, Buguet A, Bouteille B (January 2004). “Megazol combined with suramin improves a new diagnosis index of the early meningo-encephalitic phase of experimental African trypanosomiasis”. Trop. Med. Int. Health 9 (1): 83–91.doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01154.x. PMID 14728611.
  3.  Anderson J, Fuglsang H (July 1978). “Further studies on the treatment of ocular onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine and suramin”. Br J Ophthalmol 62 (7): 450–7.doi:10.1136/bjo.62.7.450. PMC 1043255. PMID 678497.
  4.  Ahles TA, Herndon JE, Small EJ, et al. (November 2004). “Quality of life impact of three different doses of suramin in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma: results of Intergroup O159/Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9480”. Cancer 101 (10): 2202–8.doi:10.1002/cncr.20655. PMID 15484217.
  5.  http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-drug-treatment-autism-symptoms-mouse.html
  6.  Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G, Boeynaems JM, Barnard EA, Boyer JL, Kennedy C, Knight GE, Fumagalli M, Gachet C, Jacobson KA, Weisman GA. (september 2006). “International Union of Pharmacology LVIII: update on the P2Y G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors: from molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology to therapy”. Pharmacol Rev. 58 (3): 281–341.doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.3. PMID 16968944.
  7.  Khakh BS, Burnstock G, Kennedy C, King BF, North RA, Séguéla P, Voigt M, Humphrey PP. (march 2001). “International union of pharmacology. XXIV. Current status of the nomenclature and properties of P2X receptors and their subunits”. Pharmacol Rev. 53 (1): 107–118.PMID 11171941.
  8.  Wolner I, Kassack MU, Ullmann H, Karel A, Hohenegger M (October 2005). “Use-dependent inhibition of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor by the suramin analogue NF676”. Br. J. Pharmacol. 146 (4): 525–33. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706359. PMC 1751178.PMID 16056233.
  9.  Erguven M, Akev N, Ozdemir A, Karabulut E, Bilir A (August 2008). “The inhibitory effect of suramin on telomerase activity and spheroid growth of C6 glioma cells”. Med. Sci. Monit. 14(8): BR165–73. PMID 18667993.
  10.  Mastrangelo E, Pezzullo M, Tarantino D, Petazzi R, Germani F, Kramer D, Robel I, Rohayem J, Bolognesi M, Milani M (2012) Structure-based inhibition of norovirus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases. J Mol Biol
  11.  Beindl W, Mitterauer T, Hohenegger M, Ijzerman AP, Nanoff C, Freissmuth M. (August 1996).“Inhibition of receptor/G protein coupling by suramin analogues”. ol. Pharmacology. 50 (2): 415–23. PMID 8700151.
  12. Drugs Fut 1986, 11(10): 860
  13. WO 2012159107
  14. WO 2012087336
  15. US 2011257109
  16. WO 2009022897
  17. WO 2009020613
  18. WO 2008094027
  19.   EP 0486809
  20. US 5158940
  21. US 5173509
  22. WO 1993007864
  23. WO 1994008574

 

SURAMIN

Enterovirus-71 (EV71) is one of the major causative reagents for hand-foot-and-mouth disease. In particular, EV71 causes severe central nervous system infections and leads to numerous dead cases. Although several inactivated whole-virus vaccines have entered in clinical trials, no antiviral agent has been provided for clinical therapy. In the present work, we screened our compound library and identified that suramin, which has been clinically used to treat variable diseases, could inhibit EV71 proliferation with an IC50 value of 40μM. We further revealed that suramin could block the attachment of EV71 to host cells to regulate the early stage of EV71 infection, as well as affected other steps of EV71 life cycle. Our results are helpful to understand the mechanism for EV71 life cycle and provide a potential for the usage of an approved drug, suramin, as the antiviral against EV71 infection.

 

  • Suramin Hexasodium
  • 129-46-4

Synonyms

  • 309 F
  • Antrypol
  • BAY 205
  • Bayer 205
  • CI-1003
  • EINECS 204-949-3
  • Fourneau 309
  • Germanin
  • Moranyl
  • Naganin
  • Naganine
  • Naganinum
  • Naganol
  • Naphuride sodium
  • NF060
  • NSC 34936
  • SK 24728
  • Sodium suramin
  • Suramin Hexasodium
  • Suramin sodium
  • Suramina sodica
  • Suramina sodica [INN-Spanish]
  • Suramine sodique
  • Suramine sodique [INN-French]
  • Suramine sodium
  • Suraminum natricum
  • Suraminum natricum [INN-Latin]
  • UNII-89521262IH

 

Suramin Sodium, is an anticancer agent with a wide variety of activities.

Recently suramin was shown to inhibit FSH binding to its receptor (Daugherty, R. L.; Cockett, A. T. K.; Schoen, S. R. and Sluss, P. M. “Suramin inhibits gonadotropon action in rat testis: implications for treatment of advanced prostate cancer” J. Urol. 1992, 147, 727-732).

This activity causes, at least in part, the decrease in testosterone production seen in rats and humans that were administered suramin(Danesi, R.; La Rocca, R. V.; Cooper, M. R.; Ricciardi, M. P.; Pellegrini, A.; Soldani, P.; Kragel, P. J.; Paparelli, A.; Del Tacca, M.; Myers, C. E, “Clinical and experimental evidence of inhibition of testosterone production by suramin.” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996, 81, 2238-2246).

Suramin is the only non-peptidic small molecule that has been reported to be an FSH receptor binding antagonist.

Figure US06200963-20010313-C00003

Suramin is 8,8′ – (carbonylbis(imino-3,1-phenylenecarbonylimino (4-methyl-3,1-phenylene) carbonylimino)) bis-1,3 ,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid (GB Patent No. 224849). This polyanionic compound has been used for many decades as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for try- panosomiasis. It was subsequently shown that suramin is able to block the activity of a variety of proteins like cellular and viral enzymes and growth factors (Mitsuya, M. et al. Science 226 : 172 (1984), Hosang, M. J. Cell. Biochem. 29 : 265 (1985), De Clercq, E. Cancer Lett. 8 : 9 (1979)).

 

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5-3-1978
1,3,5- Or 1,3,6-naphthalenetriyltris(sulfonylimino)aryl acids and salts
3-22-1978
Nitroimidazoles
2-15-1978
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases
1-4-1978
AROMATIC AMIDINES AS ANTIVIRAL AGENTS IN ANIMALS
1-4-1978
Malto-dextrin poly(H-)sulfates
12-14-1977
Disazo compounds useful as complement inhibitors
12-7-1977
Bis-substituted naphthalene-azo phenyleneazo-stilbene-disulfonic and naphthalene-sulfonic acid
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UREIDOPHENYLENEBIS(CARBONYLIMINO)DINAPHTHALENETRISULFONIC ACID COMPOUNDS
9-21-1977
Substituted bisnaphthylazo diphenyl ureido complement inhibitors
9-7-1977
Substituted-hydroxy-naphthalenedisulfonic acid compounds

 

1-12-1977
Complement inhibitors
12-22-1976
Complement inhibitors
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EP0183352A2 * Sep 27, 1985 Jun 4, 1986 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA as represented by the Secretary United States Department of Commerce Use of suramin for clinical treatment of infection with any of the members of the family of human-t-cell leukemia (htvl) viruses including lymphadenopathy virus (lav)
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EP0515523A1 * Feb 13, 1991 Dec 2, 1992 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA as represented by the Secretary United States Department of Commerce Use of suramin to treat rheumatologic diseases
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ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

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CASOPITANT

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Jan 072014
 

CASOPITANT

Tachykinin NK1 Antagonists

(2S,4S)-4-(4-Acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-N-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxamide

4-(S)-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2- (R)-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid, [1-(R)-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-ethyl]-methylamide

414910-30-8  MESYLATE
414910-27-3 (free base)

679769
GW-679769
GW-679769B

MF C30H35F7N4O2.CH4O3S MESYLATE
 Molecular Weight 712.719

 

Casopitant (trade names Rezonic (US), Zunrisa (EU)) is an neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist undergoing research for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).[1] It is currently under development by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).

In July 2008, the company filed a marketing authorisation application with the European Medicines Agency. The application was withdrawn in September 2009 because GSK decided that further safety assessment was necessary.[2]    Casopitant mesylate, a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, had been filed for approval in the U.S. and the E.U. by GlaxoSmithKline for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting.

In 2009 the company discontinued the development of the drug candidate for this indication. An MAA had also been filed for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and in 2009 the application was withdrawn by the company.

Additional phase II clinical trials were ongoing at GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, fibromyalgia and overactive bladder, however, no recent developments have been reported for these indications.

  1.  Lohr L (2008). “Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting”. Cancer J 14 (2): 85–93.doi:10.1097/PPO.0b013e31816a0f07. PMID 18391612.
  2.  “GlaxoSmithKline withdraws its marketing authorisation application for Zunrisa”. London: EMEA. 13 October 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2009
  3. Casopitant mesilate
    Drugs Fut 2008, 33(9): 737
  4. WO 2002032867
  5. WO 2008046882
  6. Development of a control strategy for a defluorinated analogue in the manufacturing process of casopitant mesylate
    Org Process Res Dev 2010, 14(4): 832 NMR FREE BASE, MESYLATE
  7. WO 2006061233
  8. WO 2004091616
  9. US20040014770 ENTRY 1B MP MESYLATE 243
  10. Tetrahedron, 2010 ,  vol. 66,  26  p. 4769 – 4774 NMR FREE BASE
  11. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011 ,  vol. 54,   4  p. 1071 – 1079 NMR MESYLATE
WO2006061233A1 * Dec 7, 2005 Jun 15, 2006 Glaxo Group Ltd The use of medicament 4-(s)-(4-acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-(r)-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid, [1-(r)-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-methylamide

 

WO2001044200A2 * Dec 14, 2000 Jun 21, 2001 David J Blythin Selective neurokinin antagonists
WO2002010141A1 * Jul 25, 2001 Feb 7, 2002 Michael Kirk Ahlijanian Imidazole derivatives
WO2002032867A1 * Oct 12, 2001 Apr 25, 2002 Giuseppe Alvaro Chemical compounds
US20020123491 * Dec 14, 2000 Sep 5, 2002 Neng-Yang Shih Selective neurokinin antagonists
US20030064980 * Jun 6, 2002 Apr 3, 2003 Neng-Yang Shih Selective neurokinin antagonists
US20030144270 * Nov 12, 2002 Jul 31, 2003 Schering Corporation NK1 antagonists

 

Casopitant (Rezonic, Zunrisa, casopitant mesylate, GW-679769, 679769, CAS #414910-27-3), 4-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [1-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-methyl-amide, is a NK-1 receptor antagonist.

Casopitant is under investigation for the treatment of emesis, nausea, drug-induced nausea, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative nausea and vomiting, sleep disorders, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, overactive bladder, and myalgia (Drug Report for Casopitant, Thomson Investigational Drug Database (Sep. 15, 2008); Reddy et al., Supportive Cancer Therapy 2006, 3(3), 140-142; and WO 2006/061233).

Casopitant has also shown promise in treating disorders of the central nervous system, tinitis, and sexual dysfunction (WO 2006/061233).

compound may be of value in the treatment of Sexual dysfunctions including Sexual Desire Disorders such as Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and Sexual Aversion Disorder sexual arousal disorders such as Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and Male Erectile Disorder orgasmic disorders such as Female Orgasmic Disorder, Male Orgasmic Disorder and Premature Ejaculation sexual pain disorder such as Dyspareunia and Vaginismus, Sexual Dysfunction Not Otherwise Specified; paraphilias such as Exhibitionism, Fetishism, Frotteurism, Pedophilia, Sexual Masochism, Sexual Sadism Transvestic Fetishism, Voyeurism and Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified gender identity disorders such as Gender Identity Disorder in Children and Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents or Adults and Sexual Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.

 

Figure US20100137332A1-20100603-C00002

 

Casopitant is subject to CYP3A4-mediated oxidative metabolism at the 3-carbon of the piperazine ring to form a hydroxylated metabolite which may be further oxidized to the corresponding 3-oxo metabolite (Minthorn et al, Drug Metab. Disp., 2008, 36(9), 1846-1852). Adverse effects associated with casopitantadministration include: neutropenia, nausea, hiccups, headache, constipation, dizziness, pruritis, alopecia, and fatigue.

Overactive bladder is a term for a syndrome that encompasses urinary frequency, with or without urge incontinence, generally but not necessarily combined with pollacisuria and nocturia. Overactive bladder is also characterised by involuntary detrusor contractions which are either triggered by provocation or occur spontaneously. If the detrusor hyperactivity observed is based on neurological causes (e. g. Parkinson’s disease, apoplexy, some forms of multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury or the cross section of the bone marrow) it is known as neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity. If no clear cause can be detected this is known as idiopathic detrusor hyperactivity. In addition, detrusor hyperactivity may be associated with anatomical changes in the lower urinary tract, for example, in patients with bladder outlet obstruction (an enlargement of the prostate gland in males)

International patent application WO 02/32867 describes novel piperidine derivatives. A 0 particular preferred compound described therein is 4-(S)-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-(R)- (4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid

 

…………………………………………………………………

CASOPITANT MESYLATE

http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/RenderImage?maxscale=30&width=300&height=300&superlistid=0414910308

US20040014770

EXAMPLE 4

[0330] 4-(S)-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-(R)-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-1-Carboxylic Acid, [1-(R)-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-methylamide Methanesulphonate

[0331] A solution of intermediate 4a (7.7 g) in acetonitrile (177 mL) was added to a solution of 1-acetyl-piperazine (3.9 g) in acetonitrile (17.7 mL) followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (6.4 g) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours and then quenched with a saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (23.1 mL) and water (61.6 mL). The resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo, then AcOEt (208 mL) was added; the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was back-extracted with further AcOEt (2×77 mL). The collected organic phases were washed with brine (2×118 mL), dried and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude mixture of syn and anti diastereomers (nearly 1:1) as a white foam (9.5 g).

[0332] A solution of this intermediate in THF (85.4 mL) was added to a solution of methansulfonic acid (0.890 mL) in THF (6.1 mL) at r.t. After seeding, the desired syn diastereomer started to precipitate. The resulting suspension was stirred for 3 hours at 0° C. and then filtered under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting cake was washed with cold THF (15.4 mL) and dried in vacuo at +20° C. for 48 hours to give the title compound as a white solid (4.44 g).

[0333] NMR (d6-DMSO): δ (ppm) 9.52 (bs, 1H); 7.99 (bs, 1H); 7.68 (bs, 2H); 7.23 (m, 1H); 6.95 (dd, 1H); 6.82 (m, 1H); 5.31 (q, 1H); 4.45 (bd, 1H); 4.20 (dd, 1H); 3.99 (bd, 1H); 3.65-3.25 (bm, 5H); 3.17 (m, 1H); 2.96 (m, 1H); 2.88-2.79 (m+m, 2H); 2.73 (s, 3H); 2.36 (s, 3H); 2.30 (s, 3H); 2.13-2.09 (bd+bd, 2H); 2.01 (s, 3H); 1.89-1.73 (m+m, 2H); 1.46 (d, 3H).

[0334] m.p 243.0° C.

[0335] The compound is isolated in a crystalline form.

 

intermediate 4a is needed  for above syn, ignore 4b

[0168] Intermediate 4

[0169] 2-(R)-(4-Fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-Carboxylic Acid, [1-(R)-3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)ethyl]-Methylamide (4a) and 2-(S)-(4-Fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-Carboxylic Acid, [1-(R)-3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-Methylamide (4b) Method A

[0170] A solution of triphosgene (147 mg) dissolved in dry DCM (5 mL) was added drop-wise to a solution of intermediate 2 (250 mg) and DIPEA (860 μL) in dry DCM (15 mL) previously cooled to 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 2 hours, [1-(R)-3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-methylamine hydrochloride (503 mg) and DIPEA (320 μL) in dry acetonitrile (20 mL) were added and the mixture was heated to 70° C. for 16 hours. Further [1-(R)-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-methylamine hydrochloride (170 mg) and DIPEA (100 μL) were added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for further 4 hours. Next, the mixture was allowed to cool to r.t., taken up with AcOEt (30 mL), washed with a 1N hydrochloric acid cold solution (3×15 mL) and brine (2×10 mL). The organic layer was dried and concentrated in vacuo to a residue, which was purified by flash chromatography (CH/AcOEt 8:2) to give:

[0171] 1. intermediate 4a (230 mg) as a white foam,

[0172] 2. intermediate 4b (231 mg) as a white foam. …………….ignore

[0173] Intermediate 4a

[0174] NMR (d6-DMSO): δ (ppm) 7.98 (bs, 1H); 7.77 (bs, 2H); 7.24 (dd, 1H); 6.97 (dd, 1H); 6.89 (m, 1H); 5.24 (t, 1H); 5.14 (q, 1H); 3.61 (m, 1H); 3.55 (m, 1H); 2.71 (m, 2H); 2.56 (s, 3H); 2.50 (m, 2H); 2.26 (s, 3H); 1.57 (d, 3H).

[0175] Intermediate 4b

[0176] NMR (d6-DMSO): δ (ppm) 7.96 (bs, 1H); 7.75 (bs, 2H); 7.24 (dd, 1H); 6.98 (dd, 1H); 6.93 (dt, 1H); 5.29 (q, 1H); 5.24 (t, 1H); 3.56 (m, 1H); 3.48 (m, 1H); 2.70 (s, 3H); 2.50 (m, 4H); 2.26 (s, 3H); 1.54 (d, 3H). …….. ignore

[0177] Intermediate 4a

[0178] Method B

[0179] A saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (324 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate 9 (21.6 g) in AcOEt (324 mL) and the resulting mixture was vigorously stirred for 15 minutes. The aqueous layer was back-extracted with further AcOEt (216 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo to give intermediate 8 as a yellow oil, which was treated with TEA (19 mL) and AcOEt (114 mL). The solution obtained was added drop-wise over 40 minutes to a solution of triphosgene (8 g) in AcOEt (64 mL) previously cooled to 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, maintaining the temperature between 0° C. and 8° C.

[0180] After stirring for 1 hours at 0° C. and for 3 hours at 20° C., [1-(R)-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-methylamine hydrochloride (29.7 g), AcOEt (190 mL) and TEA (38 mL) were added to the reaction mixture which was then heated to reflux for 16 hours.

[0181] The solution was washed with 10% sodium hydroxide solution (180 mL), 1% hydrochloric acid solution (4×150 mL), water (3×180 mL) and brine (180 mL). The organic layer was dried and concentrated in vacuo to a residue, which was purified through a silica pad (CH/AcOEt 9:1) to give the title compound (21.5 g) as a brown thick oil.

[0182] NMR (d6-DMSO): 6 (ppm) 7.97-7.77 (bs+bs, 3H); 7.24 (dd, 1H); 6.97 (dd, 1H); 6.88 (td, 1H); 5.24 (m, 1H); 5.14 (q, 1H); 3.58 (m, 2H); 2.7 (m, 2H); 2.56 (s, 3H); 2.49 (m, 2H); 2.26 (s, 3H); 1.57 (d, 3H).

intermediate 2

[0152] Intermediate 2

[0153] 2-(4-Fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-4-one

[0154] Method A

[0155] 2-Methyl-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde (4 g) was added to a solution of 4-aminobutan-2-one ethylene acetal (3.8 g) in dry benzene (50 mL) and the solution was stirred at r.t. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 1 hour the mixture was heated at reflux for 16 hours and then allowed to cool to r.t. This solution was slowly added to a refluxing solution of p-toluensulphonic acid (10.6 g) in dry benzene (50 mL) previously refluxed for 1 hour with a Dean-Stark apparatus. After 3.5 hours the crude solution was cooled and made basic with a saturated potassium carbonate solution and taken up with AcOEt (50 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with AcOEt (3×50 mL) and Et2O (2×50 mL). The organic layer was dried and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow thick oil as residue (7.23 g). A portion of the crude mixture (3 g) was dissolved in a 6N hydrochloric acid solution (20 mL) and stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours. The solution was basified with solid potassium carbonate and extracted with DCM (5×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (50 mL), dried and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (2.5 g) as a thick yellow oil.

[0156] Method B

[0157] L-selectride (1M solution in dry THF, 210 mL) was added drop-wise, over 80 minutes, to a solution of intermediate 1 (50 g) in dry THF (1065 mL) previously cooled to −72° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 45 minutes, 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (994 mL) was added drop-wise and the solution was extracted with AcOEt (3×994 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (284 mL) and brine (568 mL). The organic phase was dried and concentrated in vacuo to get 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-4-one as a pale yellow thick oil (94 g) which was used as a crude.

[0158] This material (94 g) was dissolved in AcOEt (710 mL), then 10% Pd/C (30.5 g) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere. The slurry was hydrogenated at 1 atmosphere for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered through Celite and the organic phase was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude 2-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-4-one as a yellow oil. This material was dissolved in AcOEt (518 mL) at r.t. and racemic camphorsulphonic acid (48.3 g) was added. The mixture was stirred at r.t for 18 hours, then the solid was filtered off, washed with AcOEt (2×50 mL) and dried in vacuo for 18 hours to give 2-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidine-4-one, 10-camphorsulfonic acid salt as a pale yellow solid (68.5 g). (M.p.: 167-169° C.-NMR (d6-DMSO): 6 (ppm) 9.43 (bs, 1H); 9.23 (bs, 1H); 7.66 (dd, 1H); 7.19 (m, 2H); 4.97 (bd, 1H); 3.6 (m, 2H); 2.87 (m, 3H); 2.66 (m, 1H); 2.53 (m, 2H); 2.37 (s+d, 4H); 2.22 (m, 1H); 1.93 (t, 1H); 1.8 (m, 2H); 1.26 (m, 2H); 1.03 (s, 3H); 0.73 (s, 3H).

[0159] This material (68.5 g) was suspended in AcOEt (480 mL) and stirred with a saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (274 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with further water (274 mL). The organic phase was dried and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (31 g) as a yellow-orange oil.

[0160] NMR (d6-DMSO): 6 (ppm) 7.49 (dd, 1H); 7.00 (m, 2H); 3.97 (dd, 1H); 3.27 (m, 1H); 2.82 (dt, 1H); 2.72 (bm, 1H); 2.47 (m, 1H); 2.40 (m, 1H); 2.29 (s, 3H); 2.25 (dt, 1H); 2.18 (m, 1H).

[0161] MS (ES/+): m/z=208 [MH]+.

 

intermediate 9

[0220] Intermediate 9

[0221] 2-(R)-(4-Fluoro-2-methyl-phenyl)-piperidin-4-one Mandelic Acid.

[0222] A solution of L-(+)-mandelic acid (22.6 g) in AcOEt (308 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate 2 (31 g) in AcOEt (308 mL). Then isopropanol (616 mL) was added and the solution was concentrated in vacuo to 274 mL. The solution was then cooled to 0° C. and further cold isopropanol (96 mL) was added. The thick precipitate was stirred under nitrogen for 5 hours at 0° C., then filtered and washed with cold Et2O (250 mL) to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid (20.3 g).

[0223] M.p.: 82-85° C.

[0224] NMR (d6-DMSO): δ (ppm) 7.51 (dd, 1H); 7.40 (m, 2H); 7.32 (m, 2H); 7.26 (m, 1H); 7.0 (m, 2H); 4.95 (s, 1H); 4.04 (dd, 1H); 3.31 (m, 1H); 2.88 (m, 1H); 2.49-2.2 (m, 4H); 2.29 (s, 3H).

[0225] Chiral HPLC: HP 1100 HPLC system; column Chiralcel OD-H, 25 cm×4.6 mm; mobile phase: n-hexane/isopropanol 95:5+1% diethylamine; flow: 1.3 ml/min; detection: 240/215 nm; retention time 12.07 minutes.

 

 

………………….

NMR

mesylate

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2010, 14 (6), pp 1337–1346
DOI: 10.1021/op100150b

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op100150b

Abstract Image

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): 9.57 (br s, 1H), 7.99 (br s, 1H), 7.68 (br s, 2H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dd, 1H), 6.82 (m, 1H), 5.31 (q, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.20 (dd, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.47 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.80 (t, 1H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 1H), 1.46 (d, 3H), MS: m/z 617 [MH]+, as free base.

 

 

……………

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/op100209c

Org. Process Res. Dev., 2010, 14 (6), pp 1407–1419
DOI: 10.1021/op100209c
(2R,4S)-4-(4-Acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-N-{(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxamide Methanesulfonate Salt (Casopitant Mesylate 1)

A solution of casopitant 2 (0.86 wt) was diluted with EtOAc (overall solution of 2 in EtOAc was 4 L) and acetone (4.5 L) and was heated to the required temperature (from 39 °C). Thereafter, neat methanesulfonic acid (0.12 L, 1.64 mol) was charged, followed by a slurry of 2 (0.005 kg) in EtOAc (0.05 L) as seed. The obtained suspension was stirred for 1 h followed by the addition of 3 L of isooctane in the required time (1 h). The slurry was cooled to 20 °C in 2 h and aged 3 h. The suspension was filtered and the solid washed with EtOAc (3 × 4 L). The white solid was dried overnight under vacuum at 40 °C to give the desired casopitant mesylate 1 (0.94 kg).
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.57 (br s, 1H), 7.99 (br s, 1H), 7.68 (br s, 2H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dd, 1H), 6.82 (m, 1H), 5.31 (q, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.20 (dd, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.47 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.80 (t, 1H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 1H), 1.46 (d, 3H). MS: m/z 617 [MH]+, as free base.
………….
Org. Process Res. Dev., 2010, 14 (4), pp 805–814
DOI: 10.1021/op1000622
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op1000622
NMR CASOPITANT FREE BASE
(2R,4S)-4-(4-Acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-N-{(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-1-piperidinecarboxamide (Casopitant 2)

HCOOH (0.49 L, 13 mol) was added to a cooled suspension of NaBH(OAc)3 (0.82 kg, 3.87 mol) in CH3CN (4 L), keeping the internal temperature between 10−15 °C; then the lines were washed with more CH3CN (1 L), and the mixture was stirred for 40 min.
1-Acetylpiperazine (0.7 kg, 5.46 mol) was added neat over the solution of piperidone-urea 3, and the mixture was diluted with CH3CN (3 L). The resulting mixture was added over the previous suspension; fresh CH3CN (4 L) was used to wash the line. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15 °C for 12 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to 4 L.
The resulting suspension was diluted with fresh EtOAc (4 L), and then washed with ammonia [21% w/w solution (4 L, 11.25 M in NH3)], Na2CO3 [15% w/w solution (4 L)]. More EtOAc (4 L) was added, and the organic layer was washed with water (4 L). The organic phase was then concentrated to 2.5 L; again fresh EtOAc (4 L) was added, and the solution was concentrated to 2.5 L to give a solution of casopitant 2.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 2H), 7.18 (dd, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 6.76 (td, 1H), 5.33 (q, 1H), 4.14 (dd, 1H), 3.38 (m, 5H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.72 (m, 1H), 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.47 (m, 2H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.62 (dq, 1H), 1.47 (d, 3H), 1.40 (q, 1H).
Abstract Image

picture animation

 

……………………………….

J. Med. Chem., 2011, 54 (4), pp 1071–1079
DOI: 10.1021/jm1013264

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jm1013264?prevSearch=casopitant&searchHistoryKey=

(2R,4S)-1′-acetyl-N-{(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-4,4′-bipiperidine-1-carboxamide methanesulfonate salt 16a (casopitant)

nmr mesylate

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): 9.57 (bs, 1H), 7.99 (bs, 1H), 7.68 (bs, 2H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dd, 1H), 6.82 (m, 1H), 5.31 (q, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.20 (dd, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.47 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.80 (t, 1H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 1H), 1.46 (d, 3H). MS: m/z 617 [MH]+, as free base.

syn of intermediates

Figure

a(a) (i) 2-Bromo-5-fluorotoluene, Mg, THF, 60−70 °C; (ii) 4-methoxypyridine, benzyl chloroformate, THF, −20 °C, then Grignard’s reagent, −20 °C, 1 h; (b) (i) tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride, 2-propanol, H2 (p = 5 atm), 60 °C, 5 h; (ii) Pd/C 5%, H2 (p = 4 atm), 20 °C, 5 h; (iii) (R,S)-10-camphorsulfonic acid, toluene; (c) CH2Cl2, H2O, 8% NaHCO3 (aq); l-(+)-mandelic acid, 2-propanol, heptanes; (d) MeNH2, EtOH, NaBH4, 25 °C, 1.5 h; (e) (i) ethyl acetate, NaHCO3 (aq. sat. soln), 5; (ii) triphosgene, triethylamine, ethyl acetate, then 5, 20 °C, 2 h; (f) R′RNH, CH3CN, NaBH(OAc)3, room temp, 24 h.

 

ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

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SOVAPREVIR in phase II clinical trials at Achillion for the oral treatment of naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1

 phase 2, Uncategorized  Comments Off on SOVAPREVIR in phase II clinical trials at Achillion for the oral treatment of naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1
Jan 062014
 

SOVAPREVIR

(2S, 4R) -1 – [(2S)-2-tert-butyl-4-oxo-4-(piperidin-1-yl) butanoyl]-N-{(1R, 2S) -1 – [(cyclopropanesulfonyl) carbamoyl]-2-ethenylcyclopropyl} -4 – [(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yl) oxy] pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/sovaprevir.pdf

PATENT

US 2009048297 ENTRY 60

WO 2008008502

CN 103420991

 

THERAPEUTIC CLAIM ….Treatment of hepatitis C

CHEMICAL NAMES

1. 2-Pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-[(1R,2S)-1-[[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-
ethenylcyclopropyl]-1-[(2S)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]butyl]-4-
[(7-methoxy-2-phenyl-4-quinolinyl)oxy]-, (2S,4R)-

2. (2S,4R)-N-{(1R,2S)-1-[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)carbamoyl]-2-ethenylcyclopropyl}-1-{(2S)-
3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-oxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]butanoyl}-4-[(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-
4-yl)oxy]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

MOLECULAR FORMULA C43H53N5O8S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT 800.0

SPONSOR Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

CODE DESIGNATION ACH-0141625

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 1001667-23-7

  • ACH-0141625
  • Sovaprevir
  • UNII-2ND9V3MN6O

Sovaprevir (formerly ACH-0141625), an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor, is in phase II clinical trials at Achillion for the oral treatment of naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1.

In 2012, fast track designation was assigned by the FDA for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV). In 2013, a clinical hold was placed for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) in combination with atazanavir after elevations in liver enzymes associated with the combination of both compounds.

Sovaprevir, previously referred to as ACH-1625, is an investigational, next-generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor discovered by Achillion that is currently on clinical hold. In 2012, Fast Track status was granted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to sovaprevir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C viral infection (HCV).

Achillion has initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial (007 Study) to evaluate the all-oral, interferon-free combination of sovaprevir and its second-generation NS5A inhibitor, ACH-3102, with ribavirin (RBV), for a 12 week treatment duration, in treatment naïve, genotype 1 (GT1) HCV patients. In July 2013, sovaprevir was placed on clinical hold after elevated liver enzymes were observed in a Phase 1 healthy subject drug-drug interaction study evaluating the effects of concomitant administration of sovaprevir with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir.

In accordance with the clinical hold, the FDA provided that no new clinical trials that included dosing with sovaprevir could be initiated, however, the FDA allowed continued enrollment and treatment of patients in the Phase 2 -007 clinical trial evaluating 12-weeks of sovaprevir in combination with ACH-3102 and RBV for patients with treatment-naive genotype 1 HCV. In September 2013, after reviewing Achillion’s response, the FDA stated that although all issues identified in the June 2013 letter had been addressed, it had concluded that the removal of the clinical hold was not warranted at this time.

The FDA requested, among other things, additional analysis to more fully characterize sovaprevir pharmacokinetics and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may lead to higher than anticipated exposures of sovaprevir or other potential toxicities in addition to the observed liver enzyme elevations.

The FDA also requested Achillion’s proposed plan for future clinical trials in combination with other directly-acting antivirals. At the request of the FDA, Achillion plans to submit a proposed plan for analyzing the additional clinical, non-clinical and pharmacokinetic data requested before the end of 2013, and if that analysis plan is approved by the FDA, submit a complete response during the first half of 2014. Achillion retains worldwide commercial rights to sovaprevir.

 

Sovaprevir has demonstrated activity against all HCV genotypes (GT), including equipotent activity against both GT 1a and 1b (IC50 ~ 1nM) in vitro.

 

With its rapid and extensive partitioning to the liver, as well as high liver/plasma ratios, sovaprevir has been clinically demonstrated to allow for once-daily, non-boosted dosing.

The current safety database for sovaprevir includes more than 560 subjects dosed to date and demonstrates that sovaprevir is well tolerated in these subjects.

Sovaprevir has demonstrated high rates of clinical cures in combination with pegylated-interferon and RBV in a challenging, real world, patient population of genotype 1 treatment-naive patients.

100% of GT1b subjects achieved a rapid virologic response (RVR) in the 007 Study evaluating the interferon-free combination of sovaprevir + ACH-3102 + RBV for 12 weeks. The Phase 2 study is ongoing.

 

Sovaprevir in vitro retains activity against mutations that confer resistance to 1st-generation protease inhibitors.

In clinical studies to date, sovaprevir has demonstrated a high pharmacologic barrier to resistance with no on-treatment viral breakthrough reported to date in GT1b patients.

 

Sovaprevir is believed to be synergistic when combined with other classes of DAAs, including the second-generation NS5A inhibitor, ACH-3102.

For more information about the next-generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor, sovaprevir, please see the Related Links on this page or visit Resources.

Sovaprevir is an investigational compound. Its safety and efficacy have not been established. (Updated December 2013)

SOVAPREVIR

 

An estimated 3% of the world’s population is infected with the hepatitis C virus. Of those exposed to HCV, 80% become chronically infected, at least 30% develop cirrhosis of the liver and 1-4% develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is one of the most prevalent causes of chronic liver disease in the United States, reportedly accounting for about 15 percent of acute viral hepatitis, 60 to 70 percent of chronic hepatitis, and up to 50 percent of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and liver cancer. Chronic HCV infection is the most common cause of liver transplantation in the U.S., Australia, and most of Europe. Hepatitis C causes an estimated 10,000 to 12,000 deaths annually in the United States. While the acute phase of HCV infection is usually associated with mild symptoms, some evidence suggests that only about 15% to 20% of infected people will clear HCV.

HCV is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that contains a positive-stranded genome of about 9.6 kb. HCV is classified as a member of the Hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. At least 4 strains of HCV, GT-1-GT-4, have been characterized.

The HCV lifecycle includes entry into host cells; translation of the HCV genome, polyprotein processing, and replicase complex assembly; RNA replication, and virion assembly and release. Translation of the HCV RNA genome yields a more than 3000 amino acid long polyprotein that is processed by at least two cellular and two viral proteases. The HCV polyprotein is:

NH2-C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-COOH.

The cellular signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase have been reported to be responsible for cleavage of the N-terminal third of the polyprotein (C-E1-E2-p7) from the nonstructural proteins (NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B). The NS2-NS3 protease mediates a first cis cleavage at the NS2-NS3 site. The NS3-NS4A protease then mediates a second cis-cleavage at the NS3-NS4A junction. The NS3-NS4A complex then cleaves at three downstream sites to separate the remaining nonstructural proteins. Accurate processing of the polyprotein is asserted to be essential for forming an active HCV replicase complex.

Once the polyprotein has been cleaved, the replicase complex comprising at least the NS3-NS5B nonstructural proteins assembles. The replicase complex is cytoplasmic and membrane-associated. Major enzymatic activities in the replicase complex include serine protease activity and NTPase helicase activity in NS3, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of NS5B. In the RNA replication process, a complementary negative strand copy of the genomic RNA is produced. The negative strand copy is used as a template to synthesize additional positive strand genomic RNAs that may participate in translation, replication, packaging, or any combination thereof to produce progeny virus. Assembly of a functional replicase complex has been described as a component of the HCV replication mechanism. Provisional application 60/669,872 “Pharmaceutical Compositions and Methods of Inhibiting HCV Replication” filed Apr. 11, 2005, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for its disclosure related to assembly of the replicase complex.

Current treatment of hepatitis C infection typically includes administration of an interferon, such as pegylated interferon (IFN), in combination with ribavirin. The success of current therapies as measured by sustained virologic response (SVR) depends on the strain of HCV with which the patient is infected and the patient’s adherence to the treatment regimen. Only 50% of patients infected with HCV strain GT-1 exhibit a sustained virological response. Direct acting antiviral agents such as ACH-806, VX-950 and NM 283 (prodrug of NM 107) are in clinical development for treatment of chronic HCV. Due to lack of effective therapies for treatment for certain HCV strains and the high mutation rate of HCV, new therapies are needed.

 

…………………………………………

https://www.google.co.in/patents/US20090048297

(2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-tert-butyl-4-oxo-4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanoyl)-N-((1R,2S)-1-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-2-vinylcyclopropyl)-4-(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

 

 

Figure US20090048297A1-20090219-C00105

 

SOVAPREVIR IS DESCRIBED AS 60 IN CLAIM

 

SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATE 13 BELOW AND ALSO  COMPD 8 IE SOVAPREVIR IN STEP 4

 

Example 1

SYNTHESIS OF 1-((2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-TERT-BUTYL-4-OXO-4-(PIPERIDIN-1-YL)BUTANOYL)-4-(7-METHOXY-2-PHENYLQUINOLIN-4-YLOXY)PYRROLIDINE-2-CARBOXAMIDO)-2-VINYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID

Step 1. Preparation of N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-1-(BOC-amino)-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxamide

 

Figure US20090048297A1-20090219-C00047

 

CDI (2.98 g, 18.4 mm, 1.1 eq) is dissolved in ethyl acetate. N-Boc-cyclopropylvinyl acid (3.8 g, 16.7 mm, 1.0 eq), prepared via the procedure given by Beaulieu, P. L. et al. (J. Org. Chem. 70: 5869-79 (2005)) is added to the CDI/ethyl acetate mixture and stirred at RT until the starting material is consumed. Cyclopropyl sulfonamine (2.2 g, 18.4 mm, 1.1 eq) is added to this mixture followed by DBU (2.1 ml, 20.5 mm, 1.23 eq) and the mixture is stirred at RT for 2 h. Workup and purification by silica gel chromatography provides 2g of compound 2.

Step 2. Preparation of (2S,4R)-tert-butyl 2-(1-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-2-vinylcyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4-(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate and (2S,4R)—N-(1-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-2-vinylcyclopropyl)-4-(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

 

Figure US20090048297A1-20090219-C00048

 

Compound 1 (4.3 g, 9.3 mmol, 1.1 eq), prepared according to the method given ins WO 02/060926, in DMF is stirred with O-(Benzotriazol-lyl)-N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (4.1 g, 10.5 mmol, 1.3 eq) for 30 minutes, followed by addition of cyclopropylamine 2 (1.92 g, 8.3 mmol, 1.0 eq) and N-methylmorpholine (2.52 g, 25.0 mmol, 3.0 eq). The mixture is stirred over night and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The organic solvent is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude 3, which is used for next step without further purification.

Compound 3 in 10 ml dry CH2Cl2 is treated with 5 mL TFA and stirred over night. The solvent is removed and the residue recrystallized from ethyl acetate to afford 4.12 g Compound 4 (61% yield two steps).

Step 3. Preparation of (3S)-3-((2S,4R)-2-(1-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-2-vinylcyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4-(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid

 

Figure US20090048297A1-20090219-C00049

 

The Acid 5 (58 mg, 0.25 mmol, 1.2 eq), prepared via the procedure given by Evans, D. A., et al. (J. Org. Chem. 64: 6411-6417 (1999)) in 1.2 mL DMF is stirred with 4 (138 mg, 0.21 mmol), HATU (160 mg, 0.42 mmol, 2.0 eq), and DIEA (0.63 mmol, 3.0 eq) overnight. The mixture is subjected to HPLC purification to afford 121 mg 6 (77% yield), which is further treated with 0.5 mL TFA in 1.0 mL DCM overnight. The solvent was removed to provide Compound 7 in 100% yield.

Step 4. Preparation of (2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-tert-butyl-4-oxo-4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanoyl)-N-(1-(cyclopropylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-2-vinylcyclopropyl)-4-(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

 

Figure US20090048297A1-20090219-C00050

PLEASE  NOTE 8 IS SOVAPREVIR

The Acid 7 (0.15 mmol) in 1.0 mL DMF is stirred with pepridine (excess, 0.6 mmol, 4 eq), HATU (115 mg, 0.3 mmol, 2.0 eq), and DIEA (0.45 mmol, 3.0 eq) for 4 hrs. The mixture is subjected to HPLC purification to afford 77.1 mg 8.

Step 5. Preparation of (3S)-3-((2S,4R)-2-(1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4-(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid

 

Figure US20090048297A1-20090219-C00051

 

Step 5. Preparation of (3S)-3-((2S,4R)-2-(1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4-(7-methoxy-2-phenylquinolin-4-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4,4-dimethylpentanoic acid

The Acid 5 (105 mg, 0.46 mmol, 1.2 eq) in 1.2 mL DMF is stirred with 9 (202 mg, 0.38 mmol), HATU (290 mg, 0.76 mmol, 2.0 eq), and DIEA (1.2 mmol, 3.0 eq) overnight. The mixture is subjected to HPLC purification to afford 204.3 mg 10 (75% yield), which is further treated with 0.5 mL TFA in 1.0 mL DCM overnight. The solvent is removed to provide 11 in 100% yield.

 

Figure US20090048297A1-20090219-C00052

 

Step 6. Preparation of Final Product

The Acid 11 (30 mg, 0.045 mmol) in 1.0 mL DMF is stirred with pepridine (0.27 mmol, 6 eq), HATU (34 mg, 0.09 mmol, 2.0 eq), and DIEA (0.14 mmol, 3.0 eq) for 2 hrs. The mixture is subjected to HPLC purification to afford 21.2 mg 12 (65% yield), which is hydrolyzed in methanol with 2N NaOH for 6 hrs. The mixture is acidified with 6N HCl and subjected to HPLC purification to afford 7.6 mg 13.

………………………………

 

picture animation

ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

THANKS AND REGARD’S
DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

GLENMARK SCIENTIST , NAVIMUMBAI, INDIA

did you feel happy, a head to toe paralysed man’s soul in action for you round the clock

need help, email or call me

MOBILE-+91 9323115463
web link

I was  paralysed in dec2007, Posts dedicated to my family, my organisation Glenmark, Your readership keeps me going and brings smiles to my family

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