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DAROLUTAMIDE, WO 2018036558, 苏州科睿思制药有限公司 , New patent

 PATENTS, Uncategorized  Comments Off on DAROLUTAMIDE, WO 2018036558, 苏州科睿思制药有限公司 , New patent
Mar 142018
 

DAROLUTAMIDE, WO 2018036558, 苏州科睿思制药有限公司 , New patent

CRYSTAL FORM OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MEDICATION, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND USE

张晓宇 [CN]

一种式(I)所示ODM-201的晶型B,其特征在于,其X射线粉末衍射在衍射角2θ为16.2°±0.2°、9.0°±0.2°、22.5°±0.2°处有特征峰。

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Novel crystalline forms of an androgen receptor antagonist medication, particularly ODM-201 (also known as darolutamide; designated as Forms B and C), processes for their preparation and compositions comprising them are claimed. Represents a first filing from Crystal Pharmaceutical Co Ltd and the inventors on this API.

Orion and licensee Bayer are codeveloping darolutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

专利CN102596910B公开了ODM-201的制备方法,但并未公开任何的晶型信息。专利WO2016120530A1公开了式(I)(CAS号:1297538-32-9)所示的晶型I,式(Ia)(CAS号:1976022-48-6)所示的晶型I’和式(Ib)(CAS号:1976022-49-7)所示的晶型I”。文献Expert Rev.Anticancer Ther.15(9),(2015)已报道:ODM-201是由1:1比例的(Ia)和(Ib)两种非对应异构体组成,即为式(I)所示结构。因此,现有关于ODM-201的晶型只有晶型I报道。

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Prostate cancer has become an important disease threatening the health of men. Its incidence is higher in western countries and shows a year-by-year upward trend. In the past, Asian countries with a lower incidence of the disease have also seen an increase in the number of patients in recent years. Clinical treatment of prostate cancer commonly used methods are surgical resection, radiation therapy and blocking androgen endocrine therapy. Androgen is closely related to the growth of prostate and the occurrence of prostate cancer. Therefore, endocrine therapy has become an effective way to treat prostate cancer. The method includes orchidectomy, estrogen therapy, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist therapy, androgen antagonistic therapy, etc., wherein androgen antagonist therapy can be both early treatment of prostate cancer can also be combined Surgery for adjuvant therapy is currently one of the main clinical treatment of prostate cancer. Androgen receptor as a biological target of androgen play an important role in the field of biomedical research.

Clinical trials have shown that exogenous androgen administration to patients with prostate cancer can lead to an exacerbation of the patient’s condition; conversely, if the testicles are removed and the level of androgens in the patient is reduced, the condition is relieved, indicating that androgens contribute to the development of prostate cancer Significant influence. According to receptor theory, androgen must bind with androgen receptor (AR) to cause subsequent physiological and pathological effects, which is the basis for the application of androgen receptor (AR) antagonist in the treatment of prostate cancer. In vitro experiments have shown that AR antagonists can inhibit prostate cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Depending on the chemical structure of AR antagonists, they can be divided into steroidal AR antagonists and non-steroidal AR antagonists. Non-steroidal anti-androgen activity is better, there is no steroid-like hormone-like side effects, it is more suitable for the treatment of prostate cancer.

ODM-201 (BAY-1841788) is a non-steroidal oral androgen receptor (AR) antagonist used clinically to treat prostate cancer. The binding affinity of ODM-201 to AR was high, with Ki = 11nM and IC50 = 26nM. Ki was the dissociation constant between ODM-201 and AR complex. The smaller the value, the stronger the affinity. half maximal inhibitory concentration “refers to the half-inhibitory concentration measured, indicating that a certain drug or substance (inhibitor) inhibits half the amount of certain biological processes. The lower the value, the stronger the drug’s inhibitory ability. In addition, ODM-201 does not cross the blood-brain barrier and can reduce neurological related side effects such as epilepsy. Bayer Corporation has demonstrated in clinical trials the effectiveness and safety of ODM-201, demonstrating its potential for treating prostate cancer.

The chemical name of ODM-201 is: N – ((S) -l- (3- (3- chloro-4-cyanophenyl) -lH-pyrazol-l-yl) -propan- The chemical name contains the tautomer N – ((S) -1- (3- (3- 4-cyanophenyl) -1H-pyrazol- 1 -yl) -propan-2-yl) -5- (1 -hydroxyethyl) 1297538-32-9, the structural formula is shown in formula (I) :

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The different crystalline forms of solid chemical drugs can lead to differences in their solubility, stability, fluidity and compressibility, thereby affecting the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products containing the compounds (see K. Knapman, Modern Drug Discovery, 3, 53 -54,57,2000.), Resulting in differences in clinical efficacy. It has been found that new crystalline forms (including anhydrates, hydrates, solvates, etc.) of the active ingredients of the medicinal product may give rise to more processing advantages or provide substances with better physical and chemical properties such as better bioavailability, storage stability, ease Processed, purified or used as an intermediate to promote conversion to other crystalline forms. The new crystalline form of the pharmaceutical compound can help improve the performance of the drug and broaden the choice of starting material for the formulation.

Patent CN102596910B discloses the preparation of ODM-201, but does not disclose any crystal form information. Patent WO2016120530A1 discloses a crystalline form I represented by the formula (I) (CAS number: 1297538-32-9), a crystalline form I ‘represented by the formula (Ia) (CAS number: 1976022-48-6) and a compound represented by the formula (CAS No. 1976022-49-7). Document Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. 15 (9), (2015) It has been reported that ODM-201 is composed of a 1: 1 ratio of (Ia) And (Ib), which is the structure shown in Formula (I), so the only existing crystal form I for ODM-201 is reported.

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However, the lower solubility of Form I and the high hygroscopicity, and the preparation of Form I requires the use of highly toxic acetonitrile solvents, which are carcinogenic in animals and are the second class of solvents that should be controlled during the process development stage. Form I preparation method is more complex, long preparation cycle, the process needs heating, increasing the cost of industrial preparation, is not conducive to industrial production. In order to overcome the above drawbacks, there is still a need in the art for a systematic and comprehensive development of other polymorphs of ODM-201 of formula (I), simplifying the preparation thereof, enabling its pharmacological development and releasing its potential, Preparation of a better formulation of the drug ingredients.

The inventors found through experiments that Form B and Form C of the present invention, and found that Form B and Form C of the present invention have more excellent properties than the prior art. Dissolution is a prerequisite for drug absorption, and increased solubility will help to increase the bioavailability of the drug and thereby improve the drug’s druggability. Compared with the prior art, the crystalline forms B and C of the invention have higher solubility and provide favorable conditions for drug development. Compared with the prior art, the crystalline forms B and C of the invention also have lower hygroscopicity. Hydroscopic drug crystal form due to adsorption of more water lead to weight changes, so that the raw material crystal component content is not easy to determine. In addition, the crystalline form of the drug substance absorbs water and lumps due to high hygroscopicity, which affects the particle size distribution of the sample in the formulation process and the homogeneity of the drug substance in the preparation, thereby affecting the dissolution and bioavailability of the sample. The crystal form B and the crystal form C have the same moisture content under different humidity conditions, and overcome the disadvantages caused by high hygroscopicity, which is more conducive to the long-term storage of the medicine, reduces the material storage and the quality control cost.

In addition, the present invention provides Form B and Form C of ODM-201 represented by formula (I), which have good stability, excellent flowability, suitable particle size and uniform distribution. The solvent used in the preparation method of crystal form B and crystal form C of the invention has lower toxicity, is conducive to the green industrial production, avoids the pharmaceutical risk brought by the residue of the toxic solvent, and is more conducive to the preparation of the pharmaceutical preparation. The novel crystal type provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, no need of heating, short preparation period and cost control in industrialized production. Form B and Form C of the present invention provide new and better choices for the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations containing ODM-201, which are of great significance for drug development.

The problem to be solved by the invention

The main object of the present invention is to provide a crystal form of ODM-201 and a preparation method and use thereof.

 

//////////DAROLUTAMIDE, WO 2018036558, 苏州科睿思制药有限公司 , New patent, CRYSTAL

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PADELIPORFIN

 EMA, Uncategorized  Comments Off on PADELIPORFIN
Mar 142018
 

 

Padeliporfin.png

2D chemical structure of 759457-82-4

PADELIPORFIN

759457-82-4; 457P824,

RN: 759457-82-4
UNII: EEO29FZT86

3-[(2S,3S,12R,13R)-8-acetyl-13-ethyl-20-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-18-(2-sulfoethylcarbamoyl)-2,3,12,13-tetrahydroporphyrin-22,24-diid-2-yl]propanoic acid;palladium(2+)

 (SP-4-2)-[(7S,8S,17R,18R)-13-acetyl-18-ethyl-5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,8,12,17-tetramethyl-3-[[(2-sulfoethyl)amino]carbonyl]-21H,23H-porphine-7-propanoato (4-)-kN21,kN22,kN23,kN24] palladate(2-)

Palladate(2-​)​, [(7S,​8S,​17R,​18R)​-​13-​acetyl-​18-​ethyl-​7,​8-​dihydro-​5-​(2-​methoxy-​2-​oxoethyl)​-​2,​8,​12,​17-​tetramethyl-​3-​[[(2-​sulfoethyl)​amino]​carbonyl]​-​21H,​23H-​porphine-​7-​propanoato(4-​)​-​κN21,​κN22,​κN23,​κN24]​-​, (SP-​4-​2)​-
Coordination Compound

Other Names

  • (SP-4-2)-[(7S,8S,17R,18R)-13-Acetyl-18-ethyl-7,8-dihydro-5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,8,12,17-tetramethyl-3-[[(2-sulfoethyl)amino]carbonyl]-21H,23H-porphine-7-propanoato(4-)-κN21,κN22,κN23,κN24]palladate(2-)
Molecular Formula: C37H43N5O9PdS
Molecular Weight: 840.257 g/mol

img

Chemical Formula: C37H41K2N5O9PdS
Molecular Weight: 916.43

cas 698393-30-5

WST11; WST-11; WST 11; Stakel; padeliporfin; palladiumbacteriopheophorbide monolysine taurine.

Palladate(2-​)​, [(7S,​8S,​17R,​18R)​-​13-​acetyl-​18-​ethyl-​7,​8-​dihydro-​5-​(2-​methoxy-​2-​oxoethyl)​-​2,​8,​12,​17-​tetramethyl-​3-​[[(2-​sulfoethyl)​amino]​carbonyl]​-​21H,​23H-​porphine-​7-​propanoato(4-​)​-​κN21,​κN22,​κN23,​κN24]​-​, potassium (1:2)​, (SP-​4-​2)​-

Tookad : EPAR -Product Information

Tookad : EPAR – Summary for the public (English only) 29/11/2017

Product details

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antineoplastic agents

Therapeutic indication

Tookad is indicated as monotherapy for adult patients with previously untreated, unilateral, low risk, adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a life expectancy ≥ 10 years and:

  • Clinical stage T1c or T2a;
  • Gleason Score ≤ 6, based on high-resolution biopsy strategies;
  • PSA ≤ 10 ng/mL;
  • 3 positive cancer cores with a maximum cancer core length of 5 mm in any one core or 1-2 positive cancer cores with ≥ 50 % cancer involvement in any one core or a PSA density ≥ 0.15 ng/mL/cm³.
Name Tookad
Agency product number EMEA/H/C/004182
Active substance padeliporfin di-potassium
International non-proprietary name(INN) or common name padeliporfin
Therapeutic area Prostatic Neoplasms
Anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) code L01XD07
Additional monitoring This medicine is under additional monitoring. This means that it is being monitored even more intensively than other medicines. For more information, see medicines under additional monitoring.
Marketing-authorisation holder STEBA Biotech S.A
Revision 0
Date of issue of marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union 10/11/2017

Contact address:

STEBA Biotech S.A
7 place du theatre
L-2613 Luxembourg
Luxembourg

Padeliporfin is a vascular-acting photosensitizer consisting of a water-soluble, palladium-substituted bacteriochlorophyll derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, paldeliporfin is activated locally when the tumor bed is exposed to low-power laser light; reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed upon activation and ROS-mediated necrosis may occur at the site of interaction between the photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with padeliporfin may allow tumor-site specific cytotoxicity while sparing adjacent normal tissues.

WST-11 (Stakel) is a water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll (chemical structure shown below) derivative coordinated with palldium, which has maximum absorption wavelength in the near infrared (753 nm) and rapid clearance from the body ( t 1/2 = 0.37 hour for a 10-mg/kg drug dose in the rat and t 1/2 = 0.51 hour, 1 hour, and 2.65 hours for 1.25-, 2.5-, and 5-mg/kg drug doses, respectively. It binds to serum albumin and has potent antivascular activity through the generation of hydroxyl radicals when stimulated by the proper light wavelength.

Image result for PADELIPORFIN

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-surgical treatment of tumors in which non-toxic drugs and non-hazardous photosensitizing irradiation are combined to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species in situ. This technique is more selective than the commonly used tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To date, porphyrins have been employed as the primary photosensitizing agents in clinics. However, current sensitizers suffer from several deficiencies that limit their application, including mainly: (1) relatively weak absorption in the visible spectral range which limits the treatment to shallow tumors; (2) accumulation and long retention of the sensitizer in the patient skin, leading to prolonged (days to months) skin phototoxicity; and (3) small or even no differentiation between the PDT effect on illuminated tumor and non-tumor tissues. The drawbacks of current drugs inspired an extensive search for long wavelength absorbing second-generation sensitizers that exhibit better differentiation between their retention in tumor cells and skin or other normal tissues.

In order to optimize the performance of the porphyrin drugs in therapeutics and diagnostics, several porphyrin derivatives have been proposed in which, for example, there is a central metal atom (other than Mg) complexed to the four pyrrole rings, and/or the peripheral substituents of the pyrrole rings are modified and/or the macrocycle is dihydrogenated to chlorophyll derivatives (chlorins) or tetrahydrogenated to bacteriochlorophyll derivatives (bacteriochlorins).

Due to their intense absorption in favorable spectral regions (650-850 nm) and their ready degradation after treatment, chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll derivatives have been identified as excellent sensitizers for PDT of tumors and to have superior properties in comparison to porphyrins, but they are less readily available and more difficult to handle.

Bacteriochlorophylls are of potential advantage compared to the chlorophylls because they show intense near-infrared bands, i.e. at considerably longer wavelengths than chlorophyll derivatives.

The spectra, photophysics, and photochemistry of native bacteriochlorophylls (Bchls) have made them optimal light-harvesting molecules with clear advantages over other sensitizers presently used in PDT. In particular, these molecules have a very high extinction coefficient at long wavelengths (λmax=760-780 nm, ε=(4-10)xl04 M-1cm-1), where light penetrates deeply into tissues. They also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a high quantum yield (depending on the central metal).

Under normal delivery conditions, i.e. in the presence of oxygen at room temperature and under normal light conditions, the BChl moieties are labile and have somewhat lower quantum yields for triplet state formation, when compared with, e.g., hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). However, their possible initiation of biological redox reactions, favorable spectral characteristics and their ready degradation in vivo result in the potential superiority of bacteriochlorophylls over other compounds, e.g. porphyrins and chlorophylls, for PDT therapy and diagnostics and for killing of cells, viruses and bacteria in samples and in living tissue. Chemical modification of bacteriochlorophylls is expected to further improve their properties, but this has been very limited due to lack of suitable methods for the preparation of such modified bacteriochlorophylls .

The biological uptake and PDT efficacy of metal-free derivatives of Bchl have been studied with the objective to manipulate the affinity of the sensitizers to the tumor cellular compartment. Cardinal to this approach is the use of highly lipophilic drugs that may increase the accumulation of the drug in the tumor cells, but also renders its delivery difficult. In addition, the reported biodistribution shows significant phototoxic drug levels in non-tumor tissues over prolonged periods (at least days) after administering the drug.

In applicant’s previous Israel Patent No. 102645 and corresponding EP 0584552, US 5,726,169, US 5,726,169, US 5,955,585 and US 6,147,195, a different approach was taken by the inventors. Highly efficient anti- vascular sensitizers that do not extravasate from the circulation after administration and have short lifetime in the blood were studied. It was expected that the inherent difference between vessels of normal and abnormal tissues such as tumors or other tissues that rely on neovessels, would enable relatively selective destruction of the abnormal tissue. Hence, it was aimed to synthesize Bchl derivatives that are more polar and, hence, have better chance to stay in the vascular compartment, where they convey the primary photodynamic effect. To this end, the geranylgeranyl residue at the C-17 position of Bchl a (Compound 1, depicted in Scheme 1 herein) has been replaced by various residues such as amino acids, peptides, or proteins, which enhance the sensitizer hydrophilicity. One particular derivative, Bchl-Ser (Scheme 1, Compound 1, wherein R is seryl), was found to be water-soluble and highly phototoxic in cell cultures. Following infraperitoneal injection, the Bchl-Ser cleared from the mouse blood and tissues bi-exponentially in a relatively short time (t1/2~2 and 16 h, respectively). Clearance from the circulation was even faster following intravenous injection. Under the selected treatment protocol (light application within minutes after drug injection), phototoxicity was predominantly conferred to the tumor vasculature (Rosenbach-

Belkin et al., 1996; Zilberstein et al., 2001 and 1997). However, unfortunately, like native Bchl, the Bchl-Ser derivative undergoes rapid photo-oxidation, forming the corresponding 2-desvinyl-2-acetyl-chlorophyllide ester and other products.

To increase the stability of the Bchl derivatives, the central Mg atom was replaced by Pd in the later applicant’s PCT Publication WO 00/33833 and US 6,569,846. This heavy atom was previously shown to markedly increase the oxidation potential of the Bchl macrocycle and, at the same time, to greatly enhance the intersystem-crossing (ISC) rate of the molecule to its triplet state. The metal replacement was performed by direct incorporation of Pd2+ ion into a Bpheid molecule, as described in WO 00/33833. Based on the pigment biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, it was assumed that the derivative Pd-Bpheid remained in the circulation for a very short time with practically no extravasation to other tissues, and is therefore a good candidate for vascular-targeting PDT that avoids skin phototoxicity. The treatment effect on the blood vessels was demonstrated by intravital microscopy of treated blood vessels and staining with Evans-Blue. Using a treatment protocol with a minimal drug-to-light interval, Pd-Bpheid (also designated Tookad) was found to be effective in the eradication of different tumors in mice, rats and other animal models and is presently entering Phase I/II clinical trials in patients with prostate cancer that failed radiation therapy (Chen et al, 2002; Schreiber et al., 2002; Koudinova et al., 2003).

Because of its low solubility in aqueous solutions, the clinical use of Pd-Bpheid requires the use of solubilizing agents such as Cremophor that may cause side effects at high doses. It would be highly desirable to render the Pd-Bpheid water-soluble while retaining its physico-chemical properties. Alternatively, it would be desirable to prepare Bchl derivatives that are cytophototoxic and, at the same time, more water-soluble than Pd-Bpheid itself. Such water solubility is expected to further enhance the drug retention in the circulation and, thereby, the aforementioned selectivity. In addition, having no need to use carriers such as detergents or lyposomes, may prevent side effects.

 

SYNTHESIS

START FROM CAS 17499-98-8, Phorbine, magnesium deriv., Bacteriochlorophyll aP

STR1

PADELIPORFIN

Paper

Novel water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll derivatives for vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy: Synthesis, solubility, phototoxicity and the effect of serum proteins
Photochemistry and Photobiology (2005), 81, (July/Aug.), 983-993

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2014), 57(1), 223-237

Abstract Image

With the knowledge that the dominant photodynamic therapy (PDT) mechanism of 1a (WST09) switched from type 2 to type 1 for 1b (WST11) upon taurine-driven E-ring opening, we hypothesized that taurine-driven E-ring opening of bacteriochlorophyll derivatives and net-charge variations would modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) photogeneration. Eight bacteriochlorophyll a derivatives were synthesized with varying charges that either contained the E ring (2a5a) or were synthesized by taurine-driven E-ring opening (2b5b). Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) modeling showed that all derivatives would be type 2 PDT-active, and ROS-activated fluorescent probes were used to investigate the photogeneration of a combination of type 1 and type 2 PDT ROS in organic- and aqueous-based solutions. These investigations validated our predictive modeling calculations and showed that taurine-driven E-ring opening and increasing negative charge generally enhanced ROS photogeneration in aqueous solutions. We propose that these structure–activity relationships may provide simple strategies for designing bacteriochlorins that efficiently generate ROS upon photoirradiation.

Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Photogeneration of Bacteriopheophorbide a Derivatives by Exocyclic E-Ring Opening and Charge Modifications

 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
 Ontario Cancer Institute and Techna Institute, UHN, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
§ Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
J. Med. Chem.201457 (1), pp 223–237
DOI: 10.1021/jm401538h
*Tel: 416-581-7666. Fax 416-581-7667. E-mail: gzheng@uhnresearch.ca.
Palladium 31-Oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-rhodobacteriochlorin 13′-(2-Sulfethyl)amide (1b)
……………… The dried crude product was dissolved in 200 μL of DMSO and purified by reverse-phase HPLC. The product was quantified spectrophotometrically, the identity was characterized using ESI+MS and UV–vis spectroscopy, and the purity was found to be >95% using HPLC–MS. This yielded 0.21 mg (250 nmol) of 1b(0.7% yield). ESI+MS: [M]+ = 840 m/z. UV–vis (MeOH, λmax): 748, 517, 385, 332 nm.
PATENT

 

CHEMICAL EXAMPLES

Example 1. Palladium 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(2-sulfoethyl)amide dipotassium salt ( Compound 4)

Nine hundred and thirty five (935) mg of Pd-Bpheid (3) were dissolved in a 1 L round bottom flask with 120 ml of DMSO while stirring under Argon (bubbled in the solution). Taurine (1288 mg) was dissolved in 40 ml of 1M K2HPO4 buffer, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.2 (with HCl ). This aqueous solution was added into the DMSO solution while stirring, and the Argon was bubbled in the solution for another 20 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was evaporated at 30°C for 3.5 hours under ~2 mbar and then for another 2 hours at 37°C to a complete dryness. The dry solids were dissolved in 300 ml of MeOH and the colored solution was filtered through cotton wool to get rid of buffer salts and taurine excess.

The progress of the reaction was determined by TLC (Rf of unreacted Pd- Bpheid is 0.8-0.85 and of the reaction (aminolysis) product is 0.08-0.1) and by following the optical absorption spectrum of the reaction mixture after liophylization and resolubihzation in MeOH. The absorption spectrum was characterized by a Qytransition shift from 756 nm (for Pd-Bpheid) to 747 nm (for the product 4) and by Qx shift from 534 nm of Pd-Bpheid to 519 nm (of the product 4). The MeOH was evaporated and the product 4 was purified by HPLC with ODS-A 250X20 S10P μm column (YMC, Japan). Solvent A: 95% 0.005 M phosphate buffer, pH 8.0 and 5% MeOH. Solvent B: 100% MeOH. The dry solid was dissolved in 42 ml of distilled water and injected in portions of 1.5 ml each .

The elution profile is described in Table 1. The product 4_(Scheme 1, see below) was eluted and collected at ~ 9-11 minutes. The main impurities, collected after at 4-7 min (ca 5-10%), corresponded to byproduct(s) with the proposed structure 7. Peaks at 22-25 min (ca 2-5%) possibly corresponded to the iso-form of the main product 4 and untreated Pd-Bpheid residues.

The solvent (aqueous methanol) was evaporated under reduced pressure. Then, the purified product 4 ]was re-dissolved in ~150 ml MeOH and filtered through cotton wool. The solvent was evaporated again and the solid pigment 4 was stored under Ar in the dark at -20°C. The reaction yield: ~90% (by weight, relative to 3).

The structure of product 4 was confirmed by electrospray mass spectroscopy. (ESI-MS, negative mode, Fig.2), (peaks at 875 (M–K-H), 859 (M–2K-H+Na), 837 (M–2K), 805 (M2K-H-OMe), 719) and 1H-NMR spectrum (Fig. 4 in MeOH-d4). Table 4 provides the shifts (in ppm units) of the major NMR peaks.

Optical absorption (UN-VIS) spectrum (MeOH): λ, 747 (1.00), 516 (0.13), 384 (0.41), 330 (0.50); ε747 (MeOH) is 1.2 x 105 mol-1 cm _1.

ΝMR (MeOH-d4): 9.38 (5-H, s), 8.78 (10-H, s), 8.59 (20-H, s), 5.31 and 4.95 (151-CH2, dd), 4.2-4.4 (7,8,17,18-H, m), 3.88 (153-Me, s), 3.52 (21-Me, s), 3.19 (121 -Me, s), 3.09 (32-Me, s), 1.92-2.41, 1.60-1.75 (171, 172-CH2, m), 2.19 (81-CH2, m), 1.93 (71-Me, d), 1.61 (181-Me, d), 1.09 (82-Me, t), 3.62, 3.05 (CH2‘s of taurine).

Octanol/water partition ratio is 40:60.

Example 2. Preparation of 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl- Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(2-sulfoethyl)amide dipotassium salt (Compound 5) One hundred and sixty (160) mg of taurine were dissolved in 5 ml of 1M

K2HPO4 buffer, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.2. This solution was added to 120 mg of compound 2 dissolved in 15 ml of DMSO, and the reaction and following purification were analogous to those described in previous Example.

Absorption spectrum (MeOH): λ, 750 (1.00), 519 (0.30), 354 (1.18) nm.

ESI-MS (-): 734 (M–2K).

ΝMR (MeOH-d4): 9.31 (5-H, s), 8.88 (10-H, s), 8.69 (20-H, s), 5.45 and 5.25 (151-CH2, dd), 4.35 (7,18-H, m), 4.06 (8,17-H, m), 4.20 and 3.61 (2-CH2, m of taurine), 3.83 (153-Me, s), 3.63 (21-Me, s), 3.52 (3-CH2, m oftaurine), 3.33 (121-Me, s), 3.23 (32-Me, s), 2.47 and 2.16 (171-CH2, m), 2.32 and 2.16 (81-CH2, m), 2.12 and 1.65 (172-CH2, m), 1.91 (71-Me, d), 1.66 (181– Me, d), 1.07 (82-Me, t).

Octanol/water partition ratio is 60:40.

Example 3. Preparation of copper(II) 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl- Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(2-sulfoethyl)amide dipotassium salt (Compound 10)

Fifty (50) mg of compound 5 of Example 2 and 35 mg of copper (II) acetate were dissolved in 40 ml of methanol, and argon was bubbled into solution for 10 minutes. Then 500 mg of palmitoyl ascorbate was added, and the solution was stirred for 30 min. The absorption spectrum was characterized by a Qy transition shift from 750 nm (for 5) to 768 nm (for the product 10) and by Qx shift from 519 nm of 5 to 537 nm (of the product 10). Then the reaction mixture was evaporated, re-dissolved in acetone and filtered through cotton wool to get rid of acetate salt excess. The acetone was evaporated and the product was additionally purified by HPLC at the conditions mentioned above with the elution profile, described in Table 2.

The solvent (aqueous methanol) was evaporated under reduced pressure. Then, the purified pigment 10 was re-dissolved in methanol and filtered through cotton wool. The solvent was evaporated again and the solid pigment 10 was stored under Ar in the dark at -20°C. Reaction yield: -90%.

Absorption spectrum (MeOH): λ, 768 (1.00), 537 (0.22), 387 (0.71) and 342 (0.79) nm.

ESI-MS (-): 795 (M–2K).

Octanol/water partition ratio is 40:60.

Example 4. Preparation of zinc 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(2-sulfoethyl)amide dipotassium salt (Compound 11)

Zn insertion into compound 5 was carried out with Zn acetate in acetic acid as previously described (US Patent No. 5,726,169). Final purification was carried out by HPLC in the same conditions as for compound 5 in Example 2 above.

Absorption spectrum (MeOH): λ, 762 (1.00), 558 (0.26), 390 (0.62) and 355 (0.84) nm.

Octanol/water partition ratio is 50:50.

Example 5. Preparation of manganese(III) 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(2-sulfoethyl)amide dipotassium salt (Compound 12)

Mn insertion into compound 5 was carried out with Zn acetate in acetic acid as previously described (WO 97/19081; US 6,333,319) with some modifications. Thus, fifty (50) mg of compound 5 in 10 ml of DMF were stirred with 220 mg of cadmium acetate and heated under argon atmosphere at 110°C about 15 min (Cd-complex formation is monitored by shifting Qx transition absorption band from 519 to 585 nm in acetone). Then the reaction mixture was cooled and evaporated. The dry residue was re-dissolved in 15 ml of acetone and stirred with manganese (II) chloride to form the Mn(III)-product 12. The product formation is monitored by shifting Qx transition band from 585 to 600 nm and Qy transition band from 768 to 828 nm in acetone. The acetone was evaporated and the product 12 was additionally purified by HPLC in the conditions mentioned in Example 2 above with the elution profile described in Table 3 below where the] solvent system consists of: A – 5% aqueous methanol, B -methanol.

The solvent (aqueous methanol) was evaporated under reduced pressure and the solid pigment 12 was stored under Ar in the dark at -20°C.

Absorption spectrum (MeOH): λ, 828 (1.00), 588 (0.32) and 372 (0.80) nm. Octanol/water partition ratio is 5:95.

Example 6. Preparation of palladium bacteriopheophorbide a 17 -(3-sulfo-1-oxy- succinimide)ester sodium salt (Compound 6)

Fifty (50) mg of Pd-Bpheid (compound 2), 80 mg of N-hydroxy- sulfosuccinimide (sulfoNHS) and 65 mg of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) were mixed in 7 ml of dry DMSO for overnight at room temperature. Then the solvent was evacuated under reduced pressure. The dry residue was re-dissolved in chloroform (ca. 50 ml), filtered from insoluble material, and evaporated. The conversion was ab. 95%) (TLC). The product 6 was used later on without further chromatographic purification. ESI-MS (-): 890 (M–Na).

NMR (CDCl3): 9.19 (5-H, s), 8.49 (10-H, s), 8.46 (20-H, s), 5.82 (132-H, s), 4.04- 4.38 (7,8,17,18-H, m), 3.85 (134-Me, s), 3.47 (21-Me, s), 3.37 (^-Me, s), 3.09 (32– Me, s), 1.77 (71-Me, d), 1.70 (lδ’-Me, d), 1.10 (82-Me, t), 4.05 (CH2 of sNHS), 3.45 (CH ofs NHS).

Example 7. Preparation of palladium bacteriopheophorbide a 173-(3-sulfopropyl) amide potassium salt (Compound 7)

Ten (10) mg of compound 6 in 1 ml of DMSO was mixed with 20 mg of homotaurine (3-amino-1-propane-sulfonic acid) in 1 ml of 0.1 M K-phosphate buffer, pH 8.0 for overnight. Then the reaction mixture was partitioned in chloroform/water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated. The dry residue was re-dissolved in chloroform-methanol (19:1) and applied to a chromatographic column with silica. The product 7 was obtained with chloroform-methanol (4:1) elution. The yield was about 80-90%.

ESI-MS (-): 834 (M-K) m/z.

NMR (MeOH-d4): 9.16 (5-H, s), 8.71 (10-H, s), 8.60 (20-H, s), 6.05 (132-H, s), 4.51, 4.39, 4.11, 3.98 (7,8,17,18-H, all m), 3.92 (134-Me, s), 3.48 (21-Me, s), 3.36 (121-Me, s), 3.09 (32-Me, s), 2.02-2.42 (171 arid 172-CH2, m), 2.15 ( 81-CH2, q), 1.81 (71-Me, d), 1.72 (181-Me, d), 1.05 (82-Me, t), 3.04, 2.68, and 2.32 (CH2‘s of homotaurine, m).

Example 8. Preparation of palladium 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodo-bacteriochlorin 13 ,17 -di(3-sulfopropyl)amide dipotassium salt (Compound 8)

Ten (10) mg of compound 6 or 7 were dissolved in 3 ml of DMSO, mixed with 100 mg of homotaurine in 1 ml of 0.5 M K-phosphate buffer, pH 8.2, and incubated overnight at room temperature. The solvent was then evacuated under reduced pressure as described above, and the product 8 was purified on HPLC. Yield: 83%.

Absorption spectrum (MeOH): 747 (1.00), 516 (0.13), 384 (0.41), 330 (0.50), ε747 =1.3×105 modern-1.

ESI-MS(-):1011 (M–K), 994 (M–2K+Na),972 (M–2K), 775 (M–2K-CO2Me-homotaurineNHCH2CH2CH2SO3), 486 ([M-2K]/2)

NMR (MeOH-d4): 9.35 (5-H, s), 8.75 (10-H, s), 8.60 (20-H, s), 5.28 and 4.98 (15-1-CH2, dd), 4.38, 4.32, 4.22, 4.15 (7,8,17,18-H, all m), 3.85 (15~3-Me, s), 3.51 (21-Me, s), 3.18 (121-Me, s), 3.10 (32-Me, s 2.12-2.41 (171-CH2, m), 2.15-2.34 (81-CR2, m), 1.76-2.02 (172-CH2, m), 1.89 (71-Me, d), 1.61 (lδ^Me, d), 1.07 (82-Me, t). 3.82, 3.70,

3.20, 3.10, 2.78, 2.32, 1.90 (CH2‘s of homotaurine at C-131 and C-173)

Example 9. Palladium 31-(3-sulfopropylimino)-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodo-bacteriochlorin 131,173-di(3-sulfopropyl)amide tripotassium salt (Compound 9)

Compound 9 was obtained from HPLC as a minor product during synthesis of 8.

Absorption spectrum (MeOH): 729 (1.00), 502 (0.10), 380 (0.69), 328 (0.57).

ESI-MS (30.4.2000): 1171 (M-K+H), 1153 (M–2K-H+Na), 1131 (M-2K), 566 ([M-K]/2), 364 ([M-3K]/3).

NMR (MeOH-d4): 8.71 (1H), 8.63 (1.5H), 8.23 (0.5H) (5-, 10- and 20-H, all-m), 5.30 and 4.88 (151-CH2, dd), 4.43 and 4.25 (7,8,17,18-H, m), 3.85 (15~3-Me, s), 3.31 (21-Me, s), 3.22 (121-Me, s), 3.17 (32-Me, m), 1.89-2.44 (171 and 172-CH2, m), 2.25 (81-CH2, m), 1.91 (71-Me, s), 1.64 (181– Me, s), 1.08 (82-Me, t), 4.12, 3.56, 3.22, 3.16, 2.80 and 2.68 (CH2‘s of homotaurine).

Example 10. Palladium 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(2-sulfoethyl)amide, 173-(N-immunoglobulin G)amide potassium salt (Compound 13)

Ten (10) mg of compound 4 were reacted with 20 mg of sulfo-NHS and 15 mg of EDC in 1 ml of dry DMSO for 1 hour at room temperature, then rabbit IgG (0.6 mg) in PBS (2.5 ml) was added, and the mixture was further incubated overnight at room temperature. The mixture was evaporated to dryness, then re-dissolved in 1 ml of PBS and loaded on Sephadex G-25 column equilibrated with PBS. A colored band was eluted with 4-5 ml of PBS. The pigment/protein ratio in the obtained conjugate 13 was determined by optical density at 753 and 280 mn, respectively, and varied between 0.5/1 to 1/1 of pigment 13/protein.

Example 11. Preparation of palladium 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(2-carboxyethyl)amide dipotassium salt (Compound

M)

The preparation and purification of the title compound 14 were carried out as described in Example 2, by reaction of compound 2 with 3-aminopropionic acid (β-alanine) (150 mg) instead of taurine. Yield: 85%.

Example 12. Preparation of palladium 31-oxo-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodobacteriochlorin 131-(3-phosphopropyl)amide tripotassium salt (Compound

15)

The preparation and purification of the title compound 15 were carried out as described in Example 2, by reaction of compound 2 with 3 -amino- 1-propanephosphonic acid (180 mg) instead of taurine. Yield: 68%.

Example 13. Palladium 31-(3-sulfopropylamino)-15-methoxycarbonylmethyl-Rhodobacteriochlorin 131,173-di(3-sulfopropyl)amide tripotassium salt (Compound 16)

For reduction of the imine group in 31-(3-sulfopropylimino) to the correspondent 31-(3-sulfopropylamino) group, compound 9 (8 mg) was reacted by stirring with sodium cyanoborohydride (15 mg) in 5 ml of methanol overnight at room temperature. Then the reaction mixture was treated with 0.05 M HCl (5 ml), neutralized with 0.01 M KOH, and evaporated. The title product 16 was purified using HPLC conditions as described in Example 2. Yield: 80-90%).

PATENT
US 7947672

REFERENCES

1: Kessel D, Price M. Evaluation of DADB as a Probe for Singlet Oxygen Formation during Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol. 2012 Feb 2. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01106.x. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 22296586.

2: Betrouni N, Lopes R, Puech P, Colin P, Mordon S. A model to estimate the outcome of prostate cancer photodynamic therapy with TOOKAD Soluble WST11. Phys Med Biol. 2011 Aug 7;56(15):4771-83. Epub 2011 Jul 13. PubMed PMID: 21753234.

3: Chevalier S, Anidjar M, Scarlata E, Hamel L, Scherz A, Ficheux H, Borenstein N, Fiette L, Elhilali M. Preclinical study of the novel vascular occluding agent, WST11, for photodynamic therapy of the canine prostate. J Urol. 2011 Jul;186(1):302-9. Epub 2011 May 20. PubMed PMID: 21600602.

4: Dandler J, Wilhelm B, Scheer H. Photochemistry of bacteriochlorophylls in human blood plasma: 1. Pigment stability and light-induced modifications of lipoproteins. Photochem Photobiol. 2010 Mar-Apr;86(2):331-41. Epub 2009 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 19947966.

5: Dandler J, Scheer H. Inhibition of aggregation of [Pd]-bacteriochlorophyllides in mesoporous silica. Langmuir. 2009 Oct 20;25(20):11988-92. PubMed PMID: 19772311.

6: Ashur I, Goldschmidt R, Pinkas I, Salomon Y, Szewczyk G, Sarna T, Scherz A. Photocatalytic generation of oxygen radicals by the water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll derivative WST11, noncovalently bound to serum albumin. J Phys Chem A. 2009 Jul 16;113(28):8027-37. PubMed PMID: 19545111.

7: Moore CM, Pendse D, Emberton M. Photodynamic therapy for prostate cancer–a review of current status and future promise. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2009 Jan;6(1):18-30. Review. PubMed PMID: 19132003.

8: Preise D, Oren R, Glinert I, Kalchenko V, Jung S, Scherz A, Salomon Y. Systemic antitumor protection by vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy involves cellular and humoral immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009 Jan;58(1):71-84. Epub 2008 May 17. PubMed PMID: 18488222.

9: Fleshker S, Preise D, Kalchenko V, Scherz A, Salomon Y. Prompt assessment of WST11-VTP outcome using luciferase transfected tumors enables second treatment and increase in overall therapeutic rate. Photochem Photobiol. 2008 Sep-Oct;84(5):1231-7. Epub 2008 Apr 8. PubMed PMID: 18399928.

10: Berdugo M, Bejjani RA, Valamanesh F, Savoldelli M, Jeanny JC, Blanc D, Ficheux H, Scherz A, Salomon Y, BenEzra D, Behar-Cohen F. Evaluation of the new photosensitizer Stakel (WST-11) for photodynamic choroidal vessel occlusion in rabbit and rat eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Apr;49(4):1633-44. PubMed PMID: 18385085.

11: Fabre MA, Fuseau E, Ficheux H. Selection of dosing regimen with WST11 by Monte Carlo simulations, using PK data collected after single IV administration in healthy subjects and population PK modeling. J Pharm Sci. 2007 Dec;96(12):3444-56. PubMed PMID: 17854075.

12: Brandis A, Mazor O, Neumark E, Rosenbach-Belkin V, Salomon Y, Scherz A. Novel water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll derivatives for vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy: synthesis, solubility, phototoxicity and the effect of serum proteins. Photochem Photobiol. 2005 Jul-Aug;81(4):983-93. PubMed PMID: 15839743.

13: Mazor O, Brandis A, Plaks V, Neumark E, Rosenbach-Belkin V, Salomon Y, Scherz A. WST11, a novel water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll derivative; cellular uptake, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and vascular-targeted photodynamic activity using melanoma tumors as a model. Photochem Photobiol. 2005 Mar-Apr;81(2):342-51. PubMed PMID: 15623318.

14: Plaks V, Posen Y, Mazor O, Brandis A, Scherz A, Salomon Y. Homologous adaptation to oxidative stress induced by the photosensitized Pd-bacteriochlorophyll derivative (WST11) in cultured endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 29;279(44):45713-20. Epub 2004 Aug 31. PubMed PMID: 15339936.

////////PADELIPORFIN,  WST11, WST-11, WST 11, Stakel, padeliporfin, palladiumbacteriopheophorbide monolysine taurine, EU 2017, EMA 2017

CCC1C(C2=NC1=CC3=C(C(=C([N-]3)C(=C4C(C(C(=N4)C=C5C(=C(C(=C2)[N-]5)C(=O)C)C)C)CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)OC)C(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)C)C.[Pd+2]

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Forodesine Hydrochloride

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on Forodesine Hydrochloride
Mar 142018
 

 

Immucillin H.svg

ChemSpider 2D Image | Forodesine | C11H14N4O4

Forodesine.png

Forodesine

  • Molecular FormulaC11H14N4O4
  • Average mass266.253 Da
(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol
209799-67-7 [RN]
3,4-pyrrolidinediol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-
4H-Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one, 7-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl]-3,5-dihydro-
7-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxyméthyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl]-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one
Fodosine
immucillin H
(1S)-1-(9-deazahypoxanthin-9-yl)-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol
(1S)-1,4-dideoxy-4-imino-(9-deazahypoxanthin-9-yl)-D-ribitol
1,4-DIDEOXY-4-AZA-1-(S)-(9-DEAZAHYPOXANTHIN-9-YL)-D-RIBITOL
7-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one
7-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-1,5-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-e]pyrimidin-4-one
7-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one
8574770 [Beilstein]
BCX1777
BCX-1777 freebase
BCX-1777 freebase;Immucillin-H
BCX-1777|BCX1777|Fodosine® (proposed trade name)|immucillin H|immucillin-H

CAS No. : 284490-13-7

Molecular Formula: C11H15ClN4O4

Average Mass: 302.72 g/mol

Forodesine (INN; also known as Immucillin H; trade names Mundesine and Fodosine) is a transition-state analog inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase[1] studied for the treatment of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and for treatment of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL).

Forodesine was originally discovered by Vern Schramm‘s laboratory at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York and Industrial Research Limited in New Zealand.

Forodesine is being developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals. As of 2008, it is currently in phase II clinical trials.[2].

In 2006, BioCryst entered into a licensing agreement with Mundipharma International Holdings Limited to develop and commercialize forodesine in markets across Europe, Asia, and Australasia for use in oncology.[3]

In April 2017, forodesine was approved in Japan for the treatment of relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.[4]

ema

On 20 September 2010, orphan designation (EU/3/10/780) was granted by the European Commission to Mundipharma Research Limited, United Kingdom, for forodesine for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

EU/3/10/780: Public summary of opinion on orphan designation: Forodesine for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Active substance Forodesine hydrochloride
Decision number P/69/2010
PIP number EMEA-000785-PIP01-09
Pharmaceutical form(s) Hard capsule
Condition(s)/indication(s) Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
Route(s) of administration Oral use
PIP applicant Applicant: Mundipharma Research Ltd
E-mail: paediatric@mundipharma-rd.eu
Country: United Kingdom
Phone: +44 1223424900
Fax: +44 1223426054
Decision type W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for the listed condition(s)

P/69/2010: European Medicines Agency decision on the granting of a product specific waiver for forodesine hydrochloride (EMEA-000785-PIP01-09)

On 20 September 2010, orphan designation (EU/3/10/780) was granted by the European Commission to Mundipharma Research Limited, United Kingdom, for forodesine for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

What is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is cancer of a type of white blood cell called B lymphocytes. In this disease, the lymphocytes multiply too quickly and live for too long, so that there are too many of them circulating in the blood. The cancerous lymphocytes look normal, but they are not fully developed and do not work properly. Over a period of time, the abnormal cells replace the normal white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets (components that help the blood to clot) in the bone marrow (the spongy tissue inside the large bones in the body). CLL is the most common type of leukaemia and mainly affects older people. It is rare in people under the age of 40 years. CLL is a long-term debilitating and life-threatening disease because some patients develop severe infections. What is the estimated number of patients affected by the condition? At the time of designation, CLL affected approximately 3 in 10,000 people in the European Union (EU)*. This is equivalent to a total of around 152,000 people, and is below the threshold for orphan designation, which is 5 people in 10,000. This is based on the information provided by the sponsor and the knowledge of the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP).

What treatments are available? Treatment for CLL is complex and depends on a number of factors, including the extent of the disease, whether it has been treated before, and the patient’s age, symptoms and general state of health. Patients whose CLL is not causing any symptoms or is only getting worse very slowly may not need

Forodesine Hydrochloride was originally developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals and then licensed to Mundipharma and in particular is marketed in Japan under the trade name Mundesine®. Forodesine Hydrochloride is a transitional analogue inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Mundesine® is approved for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).

Mundesine® is a capsule that contains 100mg of free Forodesine per capsule. The recommended dose is 300mg orally, twice daily.

In 2004, the compound was eligible for orphan drug treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia, respectively. In 2007, the compound was eligible for the EU orphan drug for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In 2010, the compound was eligible for EU orphan drug for treatment of CLL. In 2006, the compound obtained Japanese orphan drug eligibility for CTCL treatment.

Forodesine, or 7-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl]-l,5-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-e]pyrimidin-4-one, is an inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. It is currently in development as a treatment for peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma .

W099/19338 describes a compound genus as a new class of inhibitors of nucleoside metabolism, including Forodesine. The compounds effect as inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase is taught as efficacious to suppress T-cell function and to treat infections caused by protozoan parasites.

WO00/61783 describes a number of processes for preparing molecules described in W099/19338. Reaction scheme 3 on page 23 of the published application describes a synthesis of Forodesine, characterised by the removal of two acid labile protecting groups in the final step to yield the hydrochloride salt.

Forodesine is a particularly difficult molecule to make on a commercial scale. The current process for manufacture requires a coupling reaction under cryogenic temperature conditions of -55C. Subsequent steps involve the use of a high pressure hydrogenation reaction. Such extreme reaction conditions provide for safety concerns, particularly when conducted on a bulk scale. Further the products of the reaction were extremely challenging to purify. The effect of all this is to require more sophisticated and expensive equipment at the manufacturing plant; all of which add up to an increased cost of goods for patients. Accordingly a new manufacturing process was sought.

Surprisingly a new route has been invented which is shorter, cheaper, less dangerous and provides an increased overall yield whilst still conforming to the required purity profile.

The current manufacturing process is described in Fig 1.

5C

, MeOH, reflux xchange

tallisation

Fig l

Within the diagram, the following acronyms are used, wherein NCS is N-Chlorosuccinimide, OTBDMS is t-butyldimethylsiloxy protecting group, MtBE is methyl t-butyl ether, (BOC)20 is di-t-butyldicarbonate and BOC is t-butyloxycarbonyl protecting group,

Particularly problematic in this process is the requirement to conduct the coupling of process step (iii) at exceptionally low temperature. Further challenges are provided by process step (v) the hydrogenation reaction to remove the benxylyoxymethyl (BOM) protecting group, before removing the other acid labile protecting groups.

Conducting hydrogenation reactions with their need for a high pressure environment requires specialist equipment. Such apparatus is expensive, adding to the cost of the materials produced. Despite the use of specialist equipment, safety concerns can never be eradicated. Whilst BOM can, in certain circumstances, be acid labile, treatment of analogues of the molecules described in Fig 1 with acid has always resulted in incomplete removal of the protecting group, leading to a large number of partially deprotected impurities. This makes purification exceptionally difficult as well as reducing the overall yield for the step.

A new improved process has been developed as described in Fig 2:

Toluene

Fig 2

The new route has a number of clear advantages. The coupling reaction (ix) is conducted at a warmer -15°C, rather than the challenging cryogenic conditions of -55°C required previously. It eradicates the hydrogenation step, avoiding the need for dangerous high pressure conditions. It also makes the overall process much quicker and cheaper; not only are the conditions challenging, but the reagents used in large quantities such as palladium are expensive and environmentally challenging.

The classical method to remove a BOM protecting group is by catalytic hydrogenation. It is however known to be unstable in acid conditions. For this reasons there have been previous attempts to remove BOM at the same time as the three acid labile protecting groups. This has always been unsuccessful as treatment with acid typically resulted in incomplete deprotection, leading to a mixture of products. This made for a tricky purification and a reduced yield. Surprisingly under the particular conditions described herein it has been possible to effect the transformation in greater yield and without a difficult purification. The final product is obtained in equal or greater purity than material obtained from the previous route.

PATENT

WO2013158746A1 *

Scheme 13

HO OH 1 . HCI/Acetone, MeOH OCH,

2. PPh3, imidazole I

HO (EtO)2POCH2CN

OH O O

Ribose Λ 13a

References for preparation of compound 13a:

1. Mishra, Girija Prasad; Rao, Batchu Venkateswara; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry (2011), 22(7), 812-817.

2. Brock, E. Anne; Davies, Stephen G.; Lee, James A.; Roberts, Paul M.; Thomson,

James E; Organic Letters (2011), 13(7), 1594-1597.

3. WO 2010/085377 A2 (incorporated by reference).

4. Yadav, J. S.; Reddy, P. Narayana; Reddy, B. V. Subba; Synlett (2010), (3), 457- 461.

5. Song, Kai; Zheng, Guo-jun; Huaxue Shiji (2010), 32(2), 171-172.

6. Prabhakar, Peddikotla; Rajaram, Singanaboina; Reddy, Dorigondla Kumar;

Shekar, Vanam; Venkateswarlu, Yenamandra; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry (2010), 21(2), 216-221.

7. CN 101182342 A.

8. Baird, Lynton J.; Timmer, Mattie S. M.; Teesdale-Spittle, Paul H.; Harvey, Joanne

E; Journal of Organic Chemistry (2009), 74(6), 2271-2277.

9. Wang, Xiang-cheng; Wang, Gang; Qu, Gang-lian; Huaxue Shijie (2008), 49(4), 226-228.

10. Ivanova, N. A.; Valiullina, Z. R.; Shitikova, O. V.; Miftakhov, M. S; Russian

Journal of Organic Chemistry (2007), 43(5), 742-746.

11. Braga, Fernanda Gambogi; Coimbra, Elaine Soares; Matos, Magnum de Oliveira;

Lino Carmo, Arturene Maria; Cancio, Marisa Damato; da Silva, Adilson David; European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2007), 42(4), 530-537.

12. Wender, Paul A.; Bi, F. Christopher; Buschmann, Nicole; Gosselin, Francis; Kan, Cindy; Kee, Jung-Min; Ohmura, Hirofumi; Organic Letters (2006), 8(23), 5373- 5376.

13. Fei, Xiangshu; Wang, Ji-Quan; Miller, Kathy D.; Sledge, George W.; Hutchins, Gary D.; Zheng, Qi-Huang; Nuclear Medicine and Biology (2004), 31(8), 1033- 1041.

14. Abdel-Rahman, Adel A.-H.; Abdel-Megied, Ahmed E.-S.; Goda, Adel E.-S.; Zeid,

Ibrahim F.; El Ashry, El Sayed H; Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids (2003), 22(11), 2027-2038.

15. Palmer, Andreas M.; Jager, Volker; European Journal of Organic Chemistry

(2001), (7), 1293-1308.

16. Paquette, Leo A.; Bailey, Simon; Journal of Organic Chemistry (1995), 60(24),

7849-56.

17. Classon, Bjoern; Liu, Zhengchun; Samuelsson, Bertil; Journal of Organic

Chemistry (1988), 53(26), 6126-30.

18. Kissman, Henry M.; Baker, B. R; Journal of the American Chemical Society

(1957), 79 5534-40.

References for cyclizations related to preparation of compounds of type 13d:

1. Davies, Stephen G.; Durbin, Matthew J.; Goddard, Euan C; Kelly, Peter M.;

Kurosawa, Wataru; Lee, James A.; Nicholson, Rebecca L.; Price, Paul D.;

Roberts, Paul M.; Russell, Angela J.; Scott, Philip M.; Smith, Andrew D; Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2009), 7(4), 761-776.

2. Davies, Stephen G.; Nicholson, Rebecca L.; Price, Paul D.; Roberts, Paul M.;

Russell, Angela J.; Savory, Edward D.; Smith, Andrew D.; Thomson, James E; Tetrahedron: Asymmetry (2009), 20(6-8), 758-772.

3. Davies, Stephen G.; Nicholson, Rebecca L.; Price, Paul D.; Roberts, Paul. M.;

Smith, Andrew D; Synlett (2004), (5), 901-903.

4. Brock, E. Anne; Davies, Stephen G.; Lee, James A.; Roberts, Paul M.; Thomson, James E; Organic Letters (2011), 13(7), 1594-1597.

5. Gary B. Evans, Richard H. Furneaux, Andrzej Lewandowicz, Vern L. Schramm, and Peter C. Tyler, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2003), 46, 3412-3423.

PATENT

WO 2016110527

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016110527

 

 

STR2

 

 

STR1

The invention also provides for the synthesis of a compound of formula (II)

By reacting a compound of Formula (VII)

With di-t-butyldicarbonate.

Preferably the reaction is conducted at -10 to -20°C, in methyl t-butyl ether & heptane

The invention also provides for the synthesis of a compound of formula (VII)

By reacting a compound of Formula (IV)

With a suitable base to form

Before reacting with a compound of Formula (III)

Example 1

Stage 1 Manufacture of (III)

Compound of formula (III) (approx. 130g) in toluene solution is added to a suspension of N-Chlorosuccinimide in toluene at 20°C over a period of 90min. The reaction mixture is stirred at 20°C for 1 hour then chilled to 0°C and stirred for a further hour. The precipitated succinimide by-product is removed by filtration and the filtered solution charged directly to a 45% potassium hydroxide solution (aq) containing

tetrabutylammonium bromide. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0°C and completion of reaction is confirmed by GC analysis. Water is then added to the two-phase mixture to dissolve inorganic precipitates and the toluene product solution is washed with a 28% ammonium hydroxide/acetic acid buffer mixture with sodium chloride added. After phase separation the organic phase solution is stabilised with triethylamine. Magnesium sulfate is added to dry the solution. After filtration, the yield of (III) is determined by R.O.E. and GC purity.

Stage 2 Manufacture of (II)

Stage 2a Lithiation

A suspension of compound of formula (IV) (approx. 200g) in MtBE is chilled to -15°C and treated with /7-Hexyl lithium (2.5M in hexanes) added over 2h, maintaining the reaction mixture at -15°C. The mixture is then stirred for 3h at -15°C.

Stage 2b Coupling with (IV)

After lithiation is complete, a compound formula (III) in toluene solution is added to the reaction mixture maintaining the contents at -15°C. The reaction mixture is then stirred at this temperature for 1.5h.

Stage 2c Boc anhydride quench

A solution of di-t-butyldicarbonate in MtBE is added to the above reaction mixture at -15°C. The solution is stirred for a further 30min.

Workup and Purification

The reaction mixture is quenched by addition of RO water, then filtered. The aqueous layer is separated and run to waste. The organic layer is again washed with water. The organic layer is concentrated to a low volume and solvent replaced by heptane. The mix is stirred for 16h and filtered again.

The solution is passed through a silica gel column and eluted with heptane. The resulting solution is treated with charcoal – stirred for 3h, then filtered. The product (II) is progressed as a solution in heptane to the next stage.

Stage 3 Manufacture of Crude Forodesine (la)

Stage 3 Deprotection with cone. HCI

Concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to (II) in heptane and the mixture stirred. The acid phase is separated off and stirred for 16h at ambient temperature. The solution is then heated to 40°C for 6h. The water is then distilled off under reduced pressure to a minimum volume.

Ethanol is then added to precipitate the crude Forodesine (la) which is isolated by filtration after cooling 0-5°C. It is washed with ethanol and dried in a vacuum oven at 75°C to a constant weight.

Stage 4a Decolourization of crude Forodesine (la) using Ion-Exchange Column

Crude Forodesine (la) is dissolved in water and loaded onto a freshly prepared ion-exchange column containing Dowex 50WX4 resin in the Na+ form activated with 30% sodium hydroxide solution. The ion-exchange column is eluted with 4 x lOOmL water followed by 4 x lOOmL 2M HCI. The HCI fractions are collected separately as they contain the desired product. The 2M HCI fractions are combined and concentrated under vacuum with minimum RO water added to dissolve the residue. 1,4-Dioxane is added to the aqueous solution to precipitate the product. The mixture is stirred at 20°C for 1.5h. The product is filtered, washed with 1,4-dioxane and dried in a vacuum oven at 35°C to a constant weight to give decolourised BCX1777.

Stage 4b Recrystallization of Forodesine

Decolourised Forodesine is added to in 0.6M dilute hydrochloric acid and heated to 45°C to dissolve. The resulting solution is hot filtered and washed through with some RO Water. The solution is cooled to 20°C and ethanol added over at least lh. The mixture is then seeded with Forodesine HCI. The resulting slurry is stirred for 8h at 20°C, then cooled to 2°C for a further 1.5h. The product is isolated by filtration, washed twice with cold ethanol then dried in a vacuum oven at 75°C to a constant weight to give a white crystalline Forodesine HCI (approx. 50g).

While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one of skill in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Moreover, all embodiments described herein are considered to be broadly applicable and combinable with any and all other consistent embodiments, as appropriate.

PAPER

 Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2009), 52(4), 1126-1143.

Third-Generation Immucillins: Syntheses and Bioactivities of Acyclic Immucillin Inhibitors of Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase

Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461
J. Med. Chem.200952 (4), pp 1126–1143
DOI: 10.1021/jm801421q
Publication Date (Web): January 26, 2009
Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +64-4-9313040. Fax: +64-4-9313055. E-mail: g.evans@irl.cri.nz., †

Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited.

, ‡

Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University.

Abstract Image

References

External links

  • “From cell biology to therapy: forodesine”Hematology Meeting Reports2 (5): 106–111. 2008.
  • Gore, L; Stelljes, M; Quinones, R (2007). “Forodesine treatment and post-transplant graft-versus-host disease in two patients with acute leukemia: Facilitation of graft-versus-leukemia effect?”. Seminars in Oncology34 (6 Suppl 5): S35–9. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2007.11.005PMID 18086346.
  • 18 December 2006 Fodosine orphan designation by the European Commission for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
  • BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. have entered into an exclusive license agreement with Mundipharma for develop and commercialize BioCryst’s lead compound, Forodesine.
  • Birmingham, Alabama – February 2, 2006 Mundipharma will obtain rights in markets across Europe, Asia and Australasia to Forodesine™ in the field of oncology in exchange for a $10 million up-front payment. Furthermore, Mundipharma will commit up to an additional $15 million to assist in the evaluation of Forodesine’s™ therapeutic safety and efficacy profile. BioCryst may also receive future event payments totalling $155 million in addition to royalties on product sales of Forodesine™ by Mundipharma.
  • News BioCryst provides Fodosine update March 27, 2007. “Voluntarily Placed on Hold by BioCryst (…) we don’t think the final response rate will be as high as 18%”.
  • The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union for Atriance on 22 August 2007 for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. What benefit has Atriance shown during the studies? Atriance was shown to be effective in a proportion of the patients in both studies. In the first study, among the 39 children and young adults who se cancer had not responded to two or more previous treatments, five (13%) had a complete response to treatment after a month, with no evidence of disease and normal blood counts. In the second study, among the 28 adults and adolescents with cancer that had not responded to two or more previous tre atments, five (18%) had a complete response to treatment. In both studies, more patients had a partial response to Atriance treatment, with blood counts returning towards normal levels.
  • Lino Berton collects all the information on Forodesine in www.linoberton.com site, putting them in a row. In 2014 he published the book Qualcosa che non muore where he tells his incredible experience in the closed trial early in 2007.
  • Il Giornale.it (in Italian). “Come si boicotta un farmaco che funziona”. Dated 08-01-2016.
Forodesine
Immucillin H.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Mundesine and Fodosine
Routes of
administration
oral
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
Formula C11H14N4O4
Molar mass 266.26 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

/////////Forodesine Hydrochloride, Forodesine, BCX 1777, Immucillin-H, FOSODINE, JAPAN 2017

 

 

 

 

 

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Elobixibat hydrate, エロビキシバット水和物

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on Elobixibat hydrate, エロビキシバット水和物
Mar 142018
 

Elobixibat skeletal.svgChemSpider 2D Image | Elobixibat | C36H45N3O7S2Elobixibat.png

Elobixibat

  • Molecular FormulaC36H45N3O7S2
  • Average mass695.888 Da
 CAS 439087-18-0 [RN]
A3309
AZD7806
Glycine, N-[(2R)-2-[[2-[[3,3-dibutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7-(methylthio)-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl]oxy]acetyl]amino]-2-phenylacetyl]-
N-{(2R)-2-[({[3,3-Dibutyl-7-(methylsulfanyl)-1,1-dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl]oxy}acetyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}glycine
A-3309
AJG-533
AZD-7806
A-3309; AJG-533; Goofice
Image result for Elobixibat

Elobixibat hydrate

Approved 2018/1/19 Japan pmda

TRADE NAME Goofice  to EA Pharma

エロビキシバット水和物

C36H45N3O7S2▪H2O : 713.9
[1633824-78-8] CAS OF HYDRATE

Image result for Goofice

Gooffice ® tablet 5 mg (hereinafter referred to as Gooffice ® ) is an oral chronic constipation remedy drug containing as active ingredient Erobi vat having bile acid transporter inhibitory action. It is the world’s first bile acid transporter inhibitor.

Elobixibat is an inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT),[1] undergoing development in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

Mechanism of action

IBAT is the bile acid:sodium symporter responsible for the reuptake of bile acids in the ileum which is the initial step in the enterohepatic circulation. By inhibiting the uptake of bile acids, elobixibat increases the bile acid concentration in the gut, and this accelerates intestinal passage and softens the stool. Following several phase II studies, it is now undergoing phase III trials.[2]

Drug development

The drug was developed by Albireo AB, who licensed it to Ferring Pharmaceuticals for further development and marketing.[3] Albireo has partnered with Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals, giving the Japan-based company the rights to further develop the drug and market it throughout Asia.[4]

  • OriginatorAstraZeneca
  • DeveloperAlbireo Pharma; EA Pharma
  • Class2 ring heterocyclic compounds; Amides; Carboxylic acids; Laxatives; Small molecules; Sulfides; Sulfones; Thiazepines
  • Mechanism of ActionSodium-bile acid cotransporter-inhibitors
  • Orphan Drug StatusNo
  • New Molecular EntityYes

Highest Development Phases

  • RegisteredConstipation
  • DiscontinuedDyslipidaemias; Irritable bowel syndrome

Most Recent Events

Approved 2018/1/19 japan pmda

  • 24 Jan 2018Elobixibat is still in phase II trials for Constipation in Indonesia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam (Albireo pipeline, January 2018)
  • 24 Jan 2018Discontinued – Phase-II for Irritable bowel syndrome in USA and Europe (PO) (Alberio pipeline, January 2018)
  • 19 Jan 2018Registered for Constipation in Japan (PO) – First global approval
  • In 2012, the compound was licensed to Ajinomoto (now EA Pharma) by Albireo for exclusive development and commercialization rights in several Asian countries. At the same year, the product was licensed to Ferring by Albireo worldwide, except Japan and a small number of Asian markets, for development and marketing. However, in 2015, this license between Ferring and Albireo was terminated and Albireo is seeking partner for in the U.S. and Europe. In 2016, Ajinomoto and Mochida signed an agreement on codevelopment and comarketing of the product in Japan.

Elobixibat

albireo_logo_nav.svg

Elobixibat is an IBAT inhibitor approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic constipation, the first IBAT inhibitor to be approved anywhere in the world.  EA Pharma Co., Ltd., a company formed via a 2016 combination of Eisai’s GI business with Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals and focused on the gastrointestinal disease space, is the exclusive licensee of elobixibat for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Japan and other select countries in Asia (not including China) and is expected to co-market elobixibat in Japan with Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and to co-promote elobixibat in Japan with Eisai, under the trade name GOOFICE®.

We also believe that elobixibat has potential benefit in the treatment of NASH based on findings on relevant parameters in clinical trials of elobixibat that we previously conducted in patients with chronic constipation and in patients with elevated cholesterol and findings on other parameters relevant to NASH from nonclinical studies that we previously conducted with elobixibat or a different IBAT inhibitor. In particular, in a clinical trial in dyslipidemia patients, elobixibat given for four weeks reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, with the occurrence of diarrhea being substantially the same as the placebo group. Also, in other clinical trials in constipated patients, elobixibat given at various doses and for various durations reduced LDL-cholesterol and, in one trial, increased levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Moreover, A4250 (an IBAT inhibitor) showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score in an established model of NASH in mice known as the STAM™ model and improvement in liver inflammation and fibrosis in another preclinical mouse model. We are considering conducting a Phase 2 clinical trial of elobixibat in NASH

These benzothiazepines possess ileal bile acid transport (IBAT) inhibitory activity and accordingly have value in the treatment of disease states associated with hyperlipidaemic conditions and they are useful in methods of treatment of a warm-blooded animal, such as man. The invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of said benzothiazepine derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments to inhibit IBAT in a warm-blooded animal, such as man.
It is well-known that hyperlipidaemic conditions associated with elevated
concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are major risk factors for cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease (for instance “Coronary Heart Disease: Reducing the Risk; a Worldwide View” Assman G., Carmena R. Cullen P. et al; Circulation 1999, 100, 1930-1938 and “Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association” Grundy S, Benjamin I., Burke G., et al; Circulation, 1999, 100, 1134-46). Interfering with the circulation of bile acids within the lumen of the intestinal tracts is found to reduce the level of cholesterol. Previous established therapies to reduce the concentration of cholesterol involve, for instance, treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, preferably statins such as simvastatin and fluvastatin, or treatment with bile acid binders, such as resins. Frequently used bile acid binders are for instance cholestyramine and cholestipol. One recently proposed therapy (“Bile Acids and Lipoprotein Metabolism: a Renaissance for Bile Acids in the Post Statin Era” Angelin B, Eriksson M, Rudling M; Current Opinion on Lipidology, 1999, 10, 269-74) involved the treatment with substances with an IBAT inhibitory effect.
Re-absorption of bile acid from the gastro-intestinal tract is a normal physiological process which mainly takes place in the ileum by the IBAT mechanism. Inhibitors of EBAT can be used in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia (see for instance “Interaction of bile acids and cholesterol with nonsystemic agents having hypocholesterolaemic properties”, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1210 (1994) 255- 287). Thus, suitable compounds having such inhibitory IBAT activity are also useful in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic conditions.

Compounds possessing such IBAT inhibitory activity have been described, see for instance the compounds described in WO 93/16055, WO 94/18183, WO 94/18184, WO 96/05188, WO 96/08484, WO 96/16051, WO 97/33882, WO 98/38182, WO 99/35135, WO 98/40375, WO 99/35153, WO 99/64409, WO 99/64410, WO 00/01687, WO 00/47568, WO 00/61568, WO 01/68906, DE 19825804, WO 00/38725, WO 00/38726, WO 00/38727, WO 00/38728, WO 00/38729, WO 01/68906, WO 01/66533, WO 02/50051 and EP 0 864 582.
A further aspect of this invention relates to the use of the compounds of the invention in the treatment of dyslipidemic conditions and disorders such as hyperlipidaemia, hypertrigliceridemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia (high LDL), hyperprebetalipoproteinemia (high VLDL), hyperchylomicronemia, hypolipoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia (low HDL). In addition, these compounds are expected to be useful for the prevention and treatment of different clinical conditions such as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, hyper-thrombotic conditions, vascular dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, heart failure, coronary heart diseases, cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, peripheral vascular diseases, inflammation of cardiovascular tissues such as heart, valves, vasculature, arteries and veins, aneurisms, stenosis, restenosis, vascular plaques, vascular fatty streaks, leukocytes, monocytes and/or macrophage infiltration, intimal thickening, medial thinning, infectious and surgical trauma and vascular thrombosis, stroke and transient ischaemic attacks.

PATENTS

WO 2002050051

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf%3Bjsessionid=4E054324A28B9E2E7C3C73102D1560EC.wapp1?docId=WO2002050051&recNum=237&office=&queryString=&prevFilter=%26fq%3DOF%3AWO%26fq%3DICF_M%3A%22A61K%22%26fq%3DPAF_M%3A%22ASTRAZENECA+AB%22&sortOption=Relevance&maxRec=655

STARKE, Ingemar; (SE).
DAHLSTROM, Mikael; (SE).
BLOMBERG, David; (SE)

 

ASTRAZENECA 

SYNTHESIS

WO 2002050051, WO 1996016051

 

STR1

PATENT

WO 2003051821

WO 2003020710

TW I291951

WO 2013063512

WO 2013063526

US 20140323412

EP 3012252

PATENT

WO 2003020710

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2003020710A1/und

STR1

PATENT

WO 2014174066 

WO 02/50051 discloses the compound 1 ,1 -dioxo-3,3-dibutyl-5-phenyl-7-methylthio-8-(/V-{(R)-1 ‘-phenyl-1 ‘- [/V-(carboxymethyl)carbamoyl]methyl}carbamoylmethoxy)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 ,5-benzothiazepine (elobixibat; lUPAC name: /V-{(2R)-2-[({[3,3-dibutyl-7-(methylthio)-1 ,1 -dioxido-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 ,5-benzothiazepin-8-yl]oxy}acetyl)amino]-2-phenyl-ethanolyl}glycine). This compound is an ileal bile acid transporter (I BAT) inhibitor, which can be used in the treatment or prevention of diseases such as dyslipidemia, constipation, diabetes and liver diseases. According to the experimental section of WO 02/50051 , the last synthetic step in the preparation of elobixibat consists of the hydrolysis of a ie f-butoxyl ester under acidic conditions. The crude compound was obtained by evaporation of the reaction mixture under reduced pressure and purification of the residue by preparative HPLC using acetonitrile/ammonium acetate buffer (50:50) as eluent (Example 43). After freeze drying the product, no crystalline material was identified.

Example 1

Preparation of crystal modification I

Toluene (1 1 .78 L) was charged to a 20 L round-bottom flask with stirring and 1 ,1 -dioxo-3,3-dibutyl-5-phenyl-7-methylthio-8-(/V-{(R)-1 ‘-phenyl-1 ‘-[/\/’-(i-butoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyl]-methyl}carbamoylmethoxy)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 ,5-benzothiazepine (2.94 kg) was added. Formic acid (4.42 L) was added to the reaction mass at 25-30 °C. The temperature was raised to 1 15-120 °C and stirred for 6 hours. The reaction was monitored by HPLC to assure that not more than 1 % of the starting material remained in the reaction mass. The reaction mass was cooled to 40-43 °C. Purified water (1 1 .78 L) was added while stirring. The reaction mass was further cooled to 25-30 °C and stirred for 15 min.

The layers were separated and the organic layer was filtered through a celite bed (0.5 kg in 3 L of toluene) and the filtrate was collected. The celite bed was washed with toluene (5.9 L), the filtrates were combined and concentrated at 38-40 °C under vacuum. The reaction mass was then cooled to 25-30 °C to obtain a solid.

Ethanol (3.7 L) was charged to a clean round-bottom flask with stirring, and the solid obtained in the previous step was added. The reaction mass was heated to 40-43 °C and stirred at this temperature for 30 min. The reaction mass was then cooled to 25-30 °C over a period of 30 min., and then further cooled to 3-5 °C over a period of 2 h, followed by stirring at this temperature for 14 h. Ethanol (3.7 L) was charged to the reaction mass with stirring, while maintaining the temperature at 0-5 °C, and the reaction mass was then stirred at this temperature for 1 h. The material was then filtered and washed with ethanol (1 .47 L), and vacuum dried for 30 min. The material was dried in a vacuum tray dryer at 37-40 °C for 24 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The material was put in clean double LDPE bags under nitrogen atmosphere and stored in a clean HDPE drum. Yield 1 .56 kg.

Crystal modification I has an XRPD pattern, obtained with CuKal -radiation, with

characteristic peaks at °2Θ positions: 3,1 ± 0.2, 4,4 ± 0.2, 4,9 ± 0.2, 5,2 ± 0.2, 6,0 ± 0.2, 7,4 ± 0.2, 7,6 ± 0.2, 7,8 ± 0.2, 8,2 ± 0.2, 10,0 ± 0.2, 10,5 ± 0.2, 1 1 ,3 ± 0.2, 12,4 ± 0.2, 13,3 ± 0.2, 13,5 ± 0.2, 14,6 ± 0.2, 14,9 ± 0.2, 16,0 ± 0.2, 16,6 ± 0.2, 16,9 ± 0.2, 17,2 ± 0.2, 17,7 ± 0.2, 18,0 ± 0.2, 18,3 ± 0.2, 18,8 ± 0.2, 19,2 ± 0.2, 19,4 ± 0.2, 20,1 ± 0.2, 20,4 ± 0.2, 20,7 ± 0.2, 20,9 ± 0.2, 21 ,1 ± 0.2, 21 ,4 ± 0.2, 21 ,8 ± 0.2, 22,0 ± 0.2, 22,3 ± 0.2, 22,9 ± 0.2, 23,4 ± 0.2, 24,0 ± 0.2, 24,5 ± 0.2, 24,8 ± 0.2, 26,4 ± 0.2,27,1 ± 0.2 and 27,8 ± 0.2. The X-ray powder diffractogram is shown in FIG. 4.

PATENT

WO 2014174066

エロビキシバット水和物
Elobixibat Hydrate

C36H45N3O7S2▪H2O : 713.9
[1633824-78-8]

References

  1. Jump up^ “INN for A3309 is ELOBIXIBAT”. AlbireoPharma. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
  2. Jump up^ Acosta A, Camilleri M (2014). “Elobixibat and its potential role in chronic idiopathic constipation”Therap Adv Gastroenterol7 (4): 167–75. doi:10.1177/1756283X14528269PMC 4107709Freely accessiblePMID 25057297.
  3. Jump up^ Grogan, Kevin. “Ferring acquires rights to Albireo’s bowel drug”PharmaTimes. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  4. Jump up^ “Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals and Albireo Announce Japan and Asia License Agreement for Elobixibat”. Albireo. Retrieved 5 December2012.[permanent dead link]
Elobixibat
Elobixibat skeletal.svg
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • Investigational
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
Formula C36H45N3O7S2
Molar mass 695.89 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)

//////////Elobixibat hydrate, japan 2018, A-3309, AJG-533, Goofice, A 3309, AJG 533, AZD 7806

CCCCC1(CN(C2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)C1)OCC(=O)NC(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)SC)C4=CC=CC=C4)CCCC

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NEW DRUG APPROVALS HITS 20 LAKH VIEWS IN 218 COUNTRIES

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on NEW DRUG APPROVALS HITS 20 LAKH VIEWS IN 218 COUNTRIES
Mar 102018
 

NEW DRUG APPROVALS

https://newdrugapprovals.org/

ALL ABOUT DRUGS, LIVE, BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, WORLDDRUGTRACKER, HELPING MILLIONS, 9 MILLION HITS ON GOOGLE, PUSHING BOUNDARIES,2.5 LAKH PLUS CONNECTIONS WORLDWIDE, 18 LAKH PLUS VIEWS ON THIS BLOG IN 216 COUNTRIES, THE VIEWS EXPRESSED ARE MY PERSONAL AND IN NO-WAY SUGGEST THE VIEWS OF THE PROFESSIONAL BODY OR THE COMPANY THAT I REPRESENT, USE CTRL AND+ KEY TO ENLARGE BLOG VIEW……………………A 90 % PARALYSED MAN IN ACTION FOR YOU, I AM SUFFERING FROM TRANSVERSE MYLITIS AND BOUND TO A WHEEL CHAIR, WITH DEATH ON THE HORIZON, I HAVE LOT TO ACHEIVE

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Concise synthesis of ketoallyl sulfones through an iron-catalyzed sequential four-component assembly

 green chemistry, spectroscopy, SYNTHESIS, Uncategorized  Comments Off on Concise synthesis of ketoallyl sulfones through an iron-catalyzed sequential four-component assembly
Mar 092018
 
Green Chem., 2018, 20,973-977
DOI: 10.1039/C7GC03719H, Communication
Fuhong Xiao, Chao Liu, Dahan Wang, Huawen Huang, Guo-Jun Deng
A three starting material four component reaction (3SM-4CR) strategy is described to prepare [small beta]-acyl allylic sulfones from methyl ketones, sodium sulfinates and dimethylacetamide (DMA) in an iron-catalyzed oxidative system.

Concise synthesis of ketoallyl sulfones through an iron-catalyzed sequential four-component assembly

Author affiliations

Abstract

A three starting material four component reaction (3SM-4CR) strategy is described to prepare β-acyl allylic sulfones from methyl ketones, sodium sulfinates and dimethylacetamide (DMA) in an iron-catalyzed oxidative system. In this process, DMA was used as a dual synthon to provide two carbons. A broad range of functional groups were tolerated in this reaction system.

 1-phenyl-2-(tosylmethyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3ab)
43.2 mg, 72% yield).
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.78 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.68-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.55 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 194.7, 144.9, 136.1, 135.8, 135.7, 133.9, 132.6, 129.8, 129.6, 128.3, 128.2, 57.7, 21.6.
HRMS calcd. for: C17H17O3S+ [M+H]+ 301.08929, found 301.08908
STR1 STR2
1H NMR PREDICT

 

 

 

13C NMR PREDICT ABOVE
////////
Cc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)c2ccccc2
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Fluoroalkylation reactions in aqueous media: a review

 green chemistry, PROCESS, SYNTHESIS, Uncategorized  Comments Off on Fluoroalkylation reactions in aqueous media: a review
Mar 062018
 

Green Chem., 2018, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8GC00078F, Tutorial Review
Hai-Xia Song, Qiu-Yan Han, Cheng-Long Zhao, Cheng-Pan Zhang
Recent advances in aqueous fluoroalkylation using various fluoroalkylation reagents are summarized in this review.

Fluoroalkylation reactions in aqueous media: a review

Author affiliations

Abstract

This review highlights the progress of aqueous fluoroalkylation over the past few decades. Fluorine-containing functionalities are important design elements in new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials, due to their unique effects on the physical, chemical, and/or biological properties of a molecule. Because the environmental concerns are receiving increasing attention in organic synthesis, the development of methods for the mild, environment-friendly, and efficient incorporation of fluorinated or fluoroalkylated groups into the target molecules is of broad interest. At the early stage, most of the fluoroalkylation reactions and their variants were thought in principle to be hydrophobic. Recently, the environment-benign fluoroalkylation reactions by taming nucleophilic, radical, or electrophilic fluoroalkylation reagents in water or in the presence of water have been explored, building a new prospect for green chemistry. The use of significant catalytic systems and/or the newly developed reagents is the key to the success of these reactions. Water is used as a (co)solvent and/or a reactant in aqueous fluoroalkylation, including trifluoromethylation, difluoromethylation, monofluoromethylation, trifluoroethylation, perfluoroalkylation, trifluoromethylthiolation, and other conversions, under environment-friendly conditions. Although great accomplishments have been achieved, they are just the tip of the iceberg with a wide scope for improvement. This review will draw great attention and inspire more contributions in the development of new aqueous fluoroalkylation reactions

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Conclusion

In conclusion, aqueous fluoroalkylation including trifluoromethylation, difluoromethylation, monofluoromethylation, trifluoroethylation, perfluoroalkylation, trifluoromethylthiolation, and difluoromethylthiolation are summarized in this review.

The successful assembly of nucleophilic, radical, and/or electrophilic fluoroalkylation reagents and water in fluoroalkylation reactions opens a new prospect for green chemistry. The valid catalytic systems and the newly developed reagents contribute greatly for the success of the aqueous fluoroalkylation. As a provisional conclusion, the shelf-stable electrophic and radical fluoroalkylation reagents such as “+CF3”, “+CF2H”, “ +CH2CF3”, RfnSO2M (M = Na, 1/2Zn, Cl), RfnX (X = I, Br), and “+ SCF3” reagents are basically compatible with water or aqueous media, which enable a variety of aqueous fluoroalkylation reactions under mild conditions. In the case of nucleophilic fluoroalkylation reagents that are moisture-sensitive (e.g., “−CF3” and “− SCF3” sources), the choice of an appreciate transition-metal partner to stabilize the fluorinated anions is crucial to promote the reaction.

By coupling with the right transition metals, these sensitive fluoroalkylation reagents or intermediates would have sufficient lifetimes to finish the target conversions. Water is abundant and environmentally benign, and it has advantages such as high dielectric constant, large cohesive energy density, and strong hydrogen bonding interaction, which desirably influence the efficiency and selectivity of chemical reactions. In this reviw, water works as a (co)solvent and/or a reactant to facilitate the fluoroalkylation by increasing the dissolving of the reaction participants, providing a proton donor, or behaving as a O-nucleophile.

The fluoroalkylation reactions performed in aqueous media are mild, easily controlled, and environmental friendly, which fit well the principles of green chemistry. Although breakthroughs have been made, siginificant improvement is still neccessary for a wide range of fluoroalkylation reactions. A tough question is whether the direct trifluoromethoxylation can be performed in aqueous conditions, despite the reaction of excess AgOCF3 with α-diazo esters surviving in CH3CN in the presence of residue moisture or a trace amount of D2O (Scheme 120).155 The ionic [Me4N][SCF3] and [Me4N][SeCF3] salts, and their variants containing free − SCF3 or − SeCF3 anions, also encounter similar problems, even through trace of water proved to be essential for the functionalization of α-diazo carbonyls.156,157 The sensitive −XCF3 (X = O, S, Se) anions tend to undergo α-fluorine elimination to generate fluoride ( − F) and carbonic difluoride (CXF2), and the presence of water is generally believed to accelerate this transformation, leading to rapid decomposition of these reagents.

We hope  that this review will attract more interests and contributions in the development of aqueous fluoroalkylation with these extraordinary reagents. Aqueous fluoroalkylation methods have changed the way to synthesize fluorinated molecules in terms of the biological and physicochemical properties. Since the aspects of green chemistry have drawn much attention from society, the pursuit of more efficient and milder reaction conditions for greener fluoroalkylation in aqueous media will never be terminated. We hope that this review will serve as a guide to understand and as an appeal to engage in the field of green fluorine chemistry.

To meet the principles of green chemistry, the development of new fluoroalkylation reagents and efficient catalytic systems will be continuously vital for the mild and environment-benign fluoroalkylation. It is anticipated that a growing number of green fluoroalkylation methodologies in aqueous media will arise in the near future.

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(Z and E)-4-(Methylamino)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoic Acid Ethyl Ester

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on (Z and E)-4-(Methylamino)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoic Acid Ethyl Ester
Feb 232018
 

STR1 STR2 str3

(Z and E)-4-(Methylamino)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoic Acid Ethyl Ester (2a)

Light yellow solid; yield: 0.276 g (90%); Z/E ratio in CDCl3: 80/20; mp 143.8–145.3 °C;
 1H NMR (300.06 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) (Z) 1.29 (t, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz, O–CH2–CH3), 3.24 (dd, 3H, J = 5.2, 0.7 Hz, NH-CH3), 4.17 (q, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz, O–CH2-CH3), 7.64 (dd, 1H, J = 14.1, 0.7 Hz, H4), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8.8 Hz, 4-NO2C6H4), 8.28 (d, 2H, J = 8.9 Hz, 4-NO2C6H4), 10.67 (bs, 1H, NH); (E) 1.14 (t, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz, O–CH2–CH3), 3.34 (dd, 3H, J = 5.2, 0.8 Hz, NH-CH3), 3.81 (q, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz, O–CH2-CH3), 7.62 (d, 2H, J = 8.8 Hz, 4-NO2C6H4), 8.20 (dd, 1H, J = 14.3, 0.8 Hz, H4), 8.23 (d, 2H, J= 8.8 Hz, 4-NO2C6H4), 10.79 (bs, 1H, NH);
 13C NMR (75.46 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) (Z) 13.9 (O–CH2CH3), 37.2 (NH-CH3), 61.8 (O-CH2–CH3), 107.0 (C3), 123.7, 129.5, 144.5, 149.2 (4-NO2C6H4), 163.1 (C4), 164.9 (COOEt), 186.9 (C2), 190.8 (C3′); (E) 13.7 (O–CH2CH3), 37.1 (NH-CH3), 62.0 (O-CH2–CH3), 106.7 (C3), 123.4, 128.6, 146.4, 148.8 (4-NO2C6H4), 163.3 (C4), 164.4 (COOEt), 183.3 (C2), 193.7 (C3′);
HRMS (ESI+): calcd for C14H15N2O6+, [M+H]+: 307.0925, found 307.0938.
J. Org. Chem.201782 (23), pp 12590–12602
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02361

//////////////https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.joc.7b02361

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Pfizer’s monobactam PF-?

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Feb 232018
 

STR1

Pfizer’s monobactam PF-?

1380110-34-8, C20 H24 N8 O12 S2, 632.58

Propanoic acid, 2-​[[(Z)​-​[1-​(2-​amino-​4-​thiazolyl)​-​2-​[[(2R,​3S)​-​2-​[[[[[(1,​4-​dihydro-​1,​5-​dihydroxy-​4-​oxo-​2-​pyridinyl)​methyl]​amino]​carbonyl]​amino]​methyl]​-​4-​oxo-​1-​sulfo-​3-​azetidinyl]​amino]​-​2-​oxoethylidene]​amino]​oxy]​-​2-​methyl-

2-((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-((2R,3S)-2-((((1,5-dihydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)methyl)-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-ylamino)-2-oxoethylideneaminooxy)-2-methylpropanoic Acid

2-[[(Z)-[1-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-[[[[[(1,4-dihydro-1,5-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-pyridinyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]methyl]-4-oxo-1-sulfo-3-azetidinyl]amino]-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid

Monobactams are a class of antibacterial agents which contain a monocyclic beta-lactam ring as opposed to a beta-lactam fused to an additional ring which is found in other beta-lactam classes, such as cephalosporins, carbapenems and penicillins. The drug Aztreonam is an example of a marketed monobactam; Carumonam is another example. The early studies in this area were conducted by workers at the Squibb Institute for Medical Research, Cimarusti, C. M. & R.B. Sykes: Monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics. Med. Res. Rev. 1984, 4, 1 -24. Despite the fact that selected

monobacatams were discovered over 25 years ago, there remains a continuing need for new antibiotics to counter the growing number of resistant organisms.

Although not limiting to the present invention, it is believed that monobactams of the present invention exploit the iron uptake mechanism in bacteria through the use of siderophore-monobactam conjugates. For background information, see: M. J. Miller, et al. BioMetals (2009), 22(1 ), 61-75.

The mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics, including monobactams, is generally known to those skilled in the art and involves inhibition of one or more penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), although the present invention is not bound or limited by any theory. PBPs are involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which is a major component of bacterial cell walls.

WO 2012073138

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2012073138A1?cl=en

Inventors Matthew Frank BrownSeungil HanManjinder LallMark. J. Mitton-FryMark Stephen PlummerHud Lawrence RisleyVeerabahu ShanmugasundaramJeremy T. Starr
Applicant Pfizer Inc.

 

Example 4, Route 1

2-({[(1Z)-1 -(2-amino-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-({(2f?,3S)-2-[({[(1 ,5-dihydroxy-4-oxo-1 ,4- dihydropyridin-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}amino)methyl]-4-oxo-1 -sulfoazetidin-3- yl}amino)-2-oxoethylidene]amino}oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid, bis sodium salt

(C92-Bis Na Salt).

Figure imgf000080_0001

C92-bis Na salt

Step 1 : Preparation of C90. A solution of C26 (16.2 g, 43.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (900 mL) was treated with 1 , 1 ‘-carbonyldiimidazole (8.0 g, 47.7 mmol). After 5 minutes, the reaction mixture was treated with a solution of C9 (15 g, 25.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (600 mL) at room temperature. After 15 hours, the solvent was removed and the residue was treated with ethyl acetate (500 mL) and water (500 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was back extracted with additional ethyl acetate (300 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine solution (500 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified via chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate / 2-propanol) to yield C90 as a yellow foam. Yield: 17.44 g, 19.62 mmol, 78%. LCMS m/z 889.5 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1 1 .90 (br s, 1 H), 9.25 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.40 (br s, 1 H), 7.98 (s, 1 H), 7.50-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.47 (m, 8H), 7.28 (s, 1 H), 6.65 (br s, 1 H), 6.28 (br s, 1 H), 5.97 (s, 1 H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 5.18 (dd, J=8.8, 5 Hz, 1 H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 4.16-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.29-3.41 (m, 1 H), 3.13-3.23 (m, 1 H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.39 (br s, 12H).

Step 2: Preparation of C91. A solution of C90 (8.5 g, 9.6 mmol) in anhydrous N,N- dimethylformamide (100 mL) was treated sulfur trioxide /V,/V-dimethylformamide complex (15.0 g, 98.0 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 20 minutes then quenched with water (300 mL). The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried to yield C91 as a white solid. Yield: 8.1 g, 8.3 mmol, 87%. LCMS m/z 967.6 (M-1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1 1.62 (br s, 1 H), 9.29 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1 H), 9.02 (s, 1 H), 7.58-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.53 (m, 9H), 7.27 (s, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 6.40 (br d, J=8 Hz, 1 H), 5.55 (s, 2H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 5.20 (dd, J=8.8, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.46 (br dd, half of ABX pattern, J=17, 5 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (br dd, half of ABX pattern, J=17, 6 Hz, 1 H), 3.92-3.98 (m, 1 H), 3.79-3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.07-3.17 (m, 1 H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1 .39 (s, 3H), 1 .38 (s, 12H).

Step 3: Preparation of C92. A solution of C91 (8.1 g, 8.3 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (200 mL) was treated with 1 M boron trichloride in p-xylenes (58.4 mL, 58.4 mmol) and allowed to stir at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath, quenched with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (61 mL), and the solvent was removed in vacuo. A portion of the crude product (1 g) was purified via reverse phase chromatography (C-18 column; acetonitrile / water gradient with 0.1 % formic acid modifier) to yield C92 as a white solid. Yield: 486 mg, 0.77 mmol. LCMS m/z 633.3 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.22 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.26-7.42 (br s, 2H), 7.18-7.25 (m, 1 H), 6.99 (s, 1 H), 6.74 (s, 1 H), 6.32-6.37 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (dd, J=8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.33 (br d, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.94-4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.60-3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.19-3.27 (m, 1 H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H).

Step 4: Preparation of C92-Bis Na Salt. A flask was charged with C92 (388 mg, 0.61 mmol) and water (5.0 mL). The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and treated dropwise with a solution of sodium bicarbonate (103 mg, 1.52 mmol) in water (5.0 mL). The sample was lyophilized to yield C92-Bis Na Salt as a white solid. Yield: 415 mg, 0.61 mmol, quantitative. LCMS m/z 633.5 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) δ 7.80 (s, 1 H), 6.93 (s, 1 H), 6.76 (s, 1 H), 5.33 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.44 (ddd, J=6.0, 6.0, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.34 (AB quartet, JAB=17.7 Hz, ΔνΑΒ=10.9 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (dd, half of ABX pattern, J=14.7, 5.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.58 (dd, half of ABX pattern, J=14.7, 6.2 Hz, 1 H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H).

Alternate preparation of C92

Figure imgf000082_0001

Step 1 : Preparation of C93. An Atlantis pressure reactor was charged with 10% palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.375 g, John Matthey catalyst type A402028-10), C91 (0.75 g, 0.77 mmol) and treated with ethanol (35 mL). The reactor was flushed with nitrogen and pressurized with hydrogen (20 psi) for 20 hours at 20 °C. The reaction mixture was filtered under vacuum and the filtrate was concentrated using the rotary evaporator to yield C93 as a tan solid. Yield: 0.49 g, 0.62 mmol, 80%. LCMS m/z 787.6 (M-1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1 1.57 (br s, 1 H), 9.27 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1 H), 8.16 (s, 1 H), 7.36 (br s, 1 H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 7.00 (s, 1 H), 6.40 (br s, 1 H), 5.18 (m, 1 H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 1 H), 3.41 (m, 1 H), 3.10 (m, 1 H), 1.41 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 18H).

Step 2: Preparation of C92. A solution of C93 (6.0 g, 7.6 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (45 mL) at 0 °C was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (35.0 mL, 456 mmol). The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cannulated into a solution of methyl ferf-butyl ether (100 mL) and heptane (200 mL). The solid was collected by filtration and washed with a mixture of methyl ferf-butyl ether (100 mL) and heptane (200 mL) then dried under vacuum. The crude product (~5 g) was purified via reverse phase chromatography (C-18 column; acetonitrile / water gradient with 0.1 % formic acid modifier) and lyophilized to yield C92 as a pink solid. Yield: 1.45 g, 2.29 mmol. LCMS m/z 631.0 (M-1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 9.20 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.40 (br s, 2H), 7.16-7.23 (m, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.31-6.35 (m, 1H), 5.15 (dd, J=8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (br d, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.92-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.25 (m, 1H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H).

Example 4, route 2

2-({[(1Z)-1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-({(2 ?,3S)-2-[({[(1,5-dihydroxy-4-oxo-^ dihydropyridin-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}amino)methyl]-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3- yl}amino)-2-oxoethylidene]amino}oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (C92).

lt

Figure imgf000083_0001

single

enantiomer

Figure imgf000083_0002

Step 1. Preparation of C95. A solution of C94 (50.0 g, 189.9 mmol) in

dichloromethane (100 mL) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (50.0 mL, 661.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid was displaced with toluene (4 x 150 mL) using vacuum, to a final volume of 120 mL. The solution was added to heptane (250 mL) and the solid was collected by filtration. The solid was washed with a mixture of toluene and heptane (1 : 3, 60 mL), followed by heptane (2 x 80 mL) and dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 19 hours to afford C95 as a solid. Yield: 30.0 g, 158 mmol, 84%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.66 (s, 1 H), 7.86 – 7.93 (m, 2H), 7.73 – 7.80 (m, 2H), 4.57 (s, 2H). HPLC retention time 5.1 minutes; column: Agilent Extended C-18 column (75 mm x 3 mm, 3.5 μηη); column temperature 45 °C; flow rate 1.0 mL / minute; detection UV 230 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = acetonitrile (100%), solvent B = acetonitrile (5%) in 10 mM ammonium acetate; gradient elusion: 0-1.5 minutes solvent B (100%), 1.5-10.0 minutes solvent B (5%), 10.0-13.0 minutes solvent B (100%); total run time 13.0 minutes.

Step 2: Preparation of C96-racemic. A solution of C95 (32.75 g; 173.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (550 mL) under nitrogen was cooled to 2 °C. The solution was treated with 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine (28.94 g, 173.1 mmol) added dropwise over 25 minutes, maintaining the temperature below 10 °C. The solution was stirred for 10 minutes at 2 °C and then treated with molecular sieves (58.36 g, UOP Type 3A). The cold bath was removed and the reaction slurry was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The slurry was filtered through a pad of Celite (34.5 g) and the filter cake was rinsed with dichloromethane (135 mL). The dichloromethane filtrate (imine solution) was used directly in the following procedure.

A solution of A/-(ferf-butoxycarbonyl)glycine (60.6 g, 346.1 mmol) in

tetrahydrofuran (622 mL) under nitrogen was cooled to -45 °C and treated with triethylamine (38.5 g, 380.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at -45 °C and then treated with ethyl chloroformate (48.8 g, 450 mmol) over 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at -50 °C for 7 hours. The previously prepared imine solution was added via an addition funnel over 25 minutes while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature below -40 °C. The slurry was treated with triethylamine (17.5 g, 173 mmol) and the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature over 5 hours and stirred for an additional 12 hours. The reaction slurry was charged with water (150 mL) and the volatiles removed using a rotary evaporator. The reaction mixture was charged with additional water (393 mL) and the volatiles removed using a rotary evaporator. The mixture was treated with methyl ferf-butyl ether (393 mL) and vigorously stirred for 1 hour. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration and the filter cake was rinsed with a mixture of methyl ferf-butyl ether and water (1 : 1 , 400 mL). The solid was collected and dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C for 16 hours to afford C96- racemic. Yield: 55.8 g, 1 13 mmol, 65%. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.85 (s, NH), 7.80 (s, 4H), 6.78 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.25 (m, 1 H), 6.10 (m, 1 H), 4.83 (m, 1 H), 4.38 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.77-3.95 (m, 3H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.45 (m, 1 H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 9H). HPLC retention time 6.05 minutes; XBridge C8 column (4.6 x 75 mm, 3.5 μηη); column temperature 45 °C; flow rate 2.0 mL/minute; detection UV 210 nm, 230 nm, and 254 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = methanesulfonic acid (5%) in 10 mmol sodium octylsulfonate, solvent B = acetonitrile (100%); gradient elusion: 0-1.5 minutes solvent A (95%) and solvent B (5%), 1.5-8.5 minutes solvent A (5%) and solvent B (95%), 8.5- 10.0 minutes solvent A (5%) and solvent B (95%), 10.01 -12.0 minutes solvent A (95%) and solvent B (5%); total run time 12.0 minutes.

Step 3: Preparation of C97-racemic. A solution of C96-racemic (15.0 g, 30.3 mmol) in ethyl acetate (150 mL) under nitrogen was treated with ethanolamine (27.3 mL, 454.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 90 °C for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was charged with water (150 mL) and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (75 mL) and the combined organic layers washed with water (2 x 150 mL) followed by saturated aqueous sodium chloride (75 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated to a volume of 38 mL. The filtrate was treated with heptane (152 mL) and the solid was collected by filtration. The solid was washed with heptane and dried at 50 °C in a vacuum oven overnight to yield C97-racemic as a solid. Yield: 9.68 g, 26.5 mmol, 88%. LCMS m/z 967.6 (M-1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.64 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.14 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.56 (s, 1 H), 6.49 (dd, J=8.20, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.78 (dd, J=9.37, 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.30 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.14 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.45 – 3.53 (m, 1 H), 2.65 – 2.75 (m, 1 H), 2.56 – 2.64 (m, 1 H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.30 – 1.35 (m, 2H). HPLC retention time 5.1 minutes; column: Agilent Extended C-18 column (75 mm x 3 mm, 3.5 μΐη); column temperature 45 °C; flow rate 1.0 mL / minute;

detection UV 230 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = acetonitrile (100%), solvent B = acetonitrile (5%) in 10 mM ammonium acetate; gradient elusion: 0-1 .5 minutes solvent B (100%), 1 .5-10.0 minutes solvent B (5%), 10.0-13.0 minutes solvent B (100%); total run time 13.0 minutes. Step 4: Preparation of C97-(2R,3S) enantiomer. A solution of C97-racemic (20.0 g, 54.7 mmol) in ethyl acetate (450 mL) was treated with diatomaceous earth (5.0 g) and filtered through a funnel charged with diatomaceous earth. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (150 mL). The filtrate was charged with diatomaceous earth (20.0 g) and treated with (-)-L-dibenzoyltartaric acid (19.6 g, 54.7 mmol). The slurry was heated at 60 °C for 1.5 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The slurry was filtered and the solid washed with ethyl acetate (90 mL). The solid was collected and dried at 50 °C in a vacuum oven for 17 hours to yield C97-(2R,3S) enantiomer as a solid (mixed with diatomaceous earth). Yield: 17.3 g, 23.9 mmol, 43.6%, 97.6% ee. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.89 – 7.91 (m, 4H), 7.59 – 7.65 (m, 3H), 7.44 – 7.49 (m, 4H), 7.09 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.53 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (dd, J=8.3, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.65 (s, 2H), 4.85 (dd, J=9.3, 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.30 (d, J=15.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.10 (d, J=15.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.68 – 3.70 (m, 1 H), 2.92 – 2.96 (dd, J=13.6, 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.85 – 2.90 (dd, J=13.6, 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 1.36 (s, 9H). HPLC retention time 5.1 minutes; column: Agilent Extended C-18 column (75 mm x 3 mm, 3.5 μηη); column temperature 45 °C; flow rate 1.0 mL / minute; detection UV 230 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = acetonitrile (100%), solvent B = acetonitrile (5%) in 10 mM ammonium acetate; gradient elusion: 0-1 .5 minutes solvent B (100%), 1.5-10.0 minutes solvent B (5%), 10.0-13.0 minutes solvent B (100%); total run time 13.0 minutes. Chiral HPLC retention time 9.1 minutes; column: Chiralcel OD-H column (250 mm x 4.6 mm); column temperature 40 °C; flow rate 1 .0 mL / minute; detection UV 208 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = ethanol (18%), solvent B = heptane (85%); isocratic elusion; total run time 20.0 minutes.

Step 5: Preparation of C98-(2R,3S) enantiomer. A solution of C97-(2R,3S) enantiomer. (16.7 g, 23.1 mmol) in ethyl acetate (301 mL) was treated with diatomaceous earth (18.3 g) and 5% aqueous potassium phosphate tribasic (182 mL). The slurry was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, then filtered under vacuum and the filter cake washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 67 mL). The filtrate was washed with 5% aqueous potassium phosphate tribasic (18 mL) and the organic layer dried over magnesium sulfate. The solid was filtered and the filter cake washed with ethyl acetate (33 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to a volume of 42 mL and slowly added to heptane (251 mL) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration. The solid was washed with heptane and dried at 50 °C in a vacuum oven for 19 hours to yield C98- (2R,3S) enantiomer as a solid. Yield: 6.4 g, 17.5 mmol, 76%, 98.8% ee. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.64 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.14 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.56 (s, 1 H), 6.49 (dd, J=8.20, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.78 (dd, J=9.37, 5.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.30 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.14 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.45 – 3.53 (m, 1 H), 2.65 – 2.75 (m, 1 H), 2.56 – 2.64 (m, 1 H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.30 – 1.35 (m, 2H). HPLC retention time 5.2 minutes; column: Agilent Extended C-18 column (75 mm x 3 mm, 3.5 μηη); column temperature 45 °C; flow rate 1.0 mL / minute; detection UV 230 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = acetonitrile (100%), solvent B = acetonitrile (5%) in 10 mM ammonium acetate; gradient elusion: 0-1 .5 minutes solvent B (100%), 1.5-10.0 minutes solvent B (5%), 10.0-13.0 minutes solvent B (100%); total run time 13.0 minutes. Chiral HPLC retention time 8.7 minutes; column: Chiralcel OD-H column (250 mm x 4.6 mm); column temperature 40 °C; flow rate 1.0 mL / minute; detection UV 208 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = ethanol (18%), solvent B = heptane (85%); isocratic elusion; total run time 20.0 minutes.

Step 6: Preparation of C99. A solution of potassium phosphate tribasic N-hydrate (8.71 g, 41 .05 mmol) in water (32.0 mL) at 22 °C was treated with a slurry of C26- mesylate salt (12.1 g, 27.4 mmol, q-NMR potency 98%) in dichloromethane (100.00 mL). The slurry was stirred for 1 hour at 22 °C. The reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was back extracted with dichloromethane (50.0 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered under vacuum and the filter cake washed with

dichloromethane (2 x 16 mL). The filtrate (-190 mL, amine solution) was used directly in the next step.

A solution of 1 ,1 ‘-carbonyldiimidazole (6.66 g, 41 .0 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) at 22 °C under nitrogen was treated with the previously prepared amine solution (-190 mL) added dropwise using an addition funnel over 3 hour at 22 °C with stirring. After the addition, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 22 °C, then treated with C98-(2R,3S) enantiomer. (10.0 g, 27.4 mmol) followed by /V,/V-dimethylformamide (23.00 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 22 °C for 3 hours and then heated at 40 °C for 12 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and the dichloromethane was removed using the rotary evaporator. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (216.0 mL) and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid (216.0 mL), 5% aqueous sodium chloride (2 x 216.0 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered under vacuum. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 13 mL) and the ethyl acetate solution was concentrated on the rotary evaporator to a volume of (-1 10.00 mL) providing a suspension. The suspension (~1 10.00 mL) was warmed to 40 °C and transferred into a stirred solution of heptane (22 °C) over 1 hour, to give a slurry. The slurry was stirred for 1 hour and filtered under vacuum. The filter cake was washed with heptane (3 x 30 mL) and dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 12 hours to afford C99 as a solid. Yield: 18.1 g, 24.9 mmol, 92%. LCMS m/z 728.4 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.09 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.33-7.52 (m, 10H), 7.07 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.51 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.50 (m, 1 H), 6.44 (dd, J=8.3, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.12 (m, 1 H), 6.07 (s, 1 H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.73 (dd, J=9.4, 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (d, J=15.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.99 (d, J=15.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.48 (m, 1 H), 3.28 (m, 1 H), 3.12 (m, 1 H), 1 .37 (s, 9H).

Step 7: Preparation of C100. A solution of C99 (46.5 g, 63.9 mmol) in acetonitrile (697 mL and water (372 mL) was treated with potassium persulfate (69.1 g, 255.6 mmol) and potassium phosphate dibasic (50.1 g, 287.5 mmol). The biphasic mixture was heated to 75 °C and vigorously stirred for 1.5 hours. The pH was maintained between 6.0-6.5 by potassium phosphate dibasic addition (-12 g). The mixture was cooled to 20 °C, the suspension was filtered and washed with acetonitrile (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated using the rotary evaporator and treated with water (50 mL) followed by ethyl acetate (200 mL). The slurry was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, filtered and the solid dried under vacuum at 40 °C overnight. The solid was slurried in a mixture of ethyl acetate and water (6 : 1 , 390.7 mL) at 20 °C for 1 hour then collected by filtration. The solid was dried in a vacuum oven to yield C100. Yield: 22.1 g, 38.3 mmol, 60%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.17 (br s, 1 H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.29-7.50 (m, 10H), 6.49 (dd, J=8.0, 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.08 (dd, J=5.6, 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.93 (s, 1 H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 4.77 (dd, J=9.6, 5.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.61 (m, 1 H), 3.1 1 (m, 2H), 1.36 (s, 9H). HPLC retention time 6.17 minutes; XBridge C8 column (4.6 x 75 mm, 3.5 μηη); column temperature 45 °C; flow rate 2.0 mL/minute; detection UV 210 nm, 230 nm, and 254 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = methanesulfonic acid (5%) in 10 mmol sodium octylsulfonate, solvent B = acetonitrile (100%); gradient elusion: 0-1 .5 minutes solvent A (95%) and solvent B (5%), 1.5-8.5 minutes solvent A (5%) and solvent B (95%), 8.5-10.0 minutes solvent A (5%) and solvent B (95%), 10.01- 12.0 minutes solvent A (95%) and solvent B (5%); total run time 12.0 minutes.

Step 8: Preparation of C101. A solution of trifluoroacetic acid (120 mL, 1550 mmol) under nitrogen was treated with methoxybenzene (30 mL, 269 mmol) and cooled to -5 °C. Solid C100 (17.9 g, 31.0 mmol) was charged in one portion at -5 °C and the resulting mixture stirred for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cannulated with nitrogen pressure over 15 minutes to a stirred mixture of Celite (40.98 g) and methyl ferf-butyl ether (550 mL) at 10 °C. The slurry was stirred at 16 °C for 30 minutes, then filtered under vacuum. The filter cake was rinsed with methyl ferf-butyl ether (2 x 100 mL). The solid was collected and slurried in methyl ferf-butyl ether (550 mL) with vigorous stirring for 25 minutes. The slurry was filtered by vacuum filtration and washed with methyl ferf-butyl ether (2 x 250 mL). The solid was collected and dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for 18 hours to afford C101 on Celite. Yield: 57.6 g total = C101 + Celite; 16.61 g C101 , 28.1 mmol, 91%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.75-8.95 (br s, 2H), 8.65 (s, 1 H), 8.21 (s, 1 H), 7.30-7.58 (m, 10H), 6.83 (br s, 1 H), 6.65 (br s, 1 H), 6.17 (s, 1 H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.45 (br s, 1 H), 4.22 (br s, 2H), 3.77 (m, 1 H), 3.36 (m, 1 H), 3.22 (m, 1 H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -76.0 (s, 3F). HPLC retention time 5.81 minutes; XBridge C8 column (4.6 x 75 mm, 3.5 μηη); column temperature 45 °C; flow rate 2.0 mL/minute; detection UV 210 nm, 230 nm, and 254 nm; mobile phase: solvent A = methanesulfonic acid (5%) in 10 mmol sodium octylsulfonate, solvent B = acetonitrile (100%); gradient elusion: 0-1.5 minutes solvent A (95%) and solvent B (5%), 1.5-8.5 minutes solvent A (5%) and solvent B (95%), 8.5-10.0 minutes solvent A (5%) and solvent B (95%), 10.01-12.0 minutes solvent A (95%) and solvent B (5%); total run time 12.0 minutes.

Step 9: Preparation of C90. A suspension of C101 (67.0 g, 30% activity on Celite = 33.9 mmol) in acetonitrile (281 .4 mL) was treated with molecular sieves 4AE (40.2 g), C5 (17.9 g, 33.9 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (10.4 g, 84.9 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 40°C for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 20 °C, filtered under vacuum and the filter cake washed with acetonitrile (2 x 100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to a volume of -50 mL. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (268.0 mL) and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid (3 x 134 mL) followed by 5% aqueous sodium chloride (67.0 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered under vacuum. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL) and the filtrate was concentrated to a volume of -60 mL. The filtrate was added slowly to heptane (268 mL) with stirring and the slurry was stirred at 20 °C for 1 hour. The slurry was filtered under vacuum and the filter cake washed with a mixture of heptane and ethyl acetate (4: 1 , 2 x 27 mL). The solid was collected and dried under vacuum for 12 hours at 50 °C to afford a solid. The crude product was purified via chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate / 2-propanol), product bearing fractions were combined and the volume was reduced to -60 mL. The solution was added dropwise to heptane (268 mL) with stirring. The slurry was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, filtered and washed with heptane and ethyl acetate (4: 1 , 2 x 27 mL). The solid was collected and dried under vacuum for 12 hours at 50 °C to afford C90 as a solid. Yield: 16.8 g, 18.9 mmol, 58%. LCMS m/z 889.4 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-cfe) 1 1.90 (br s, 1 H), 9.25 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.40 (br s, 1 H), 7.98 (s, 1 H), 7.50-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.32- 7.47 (m, 8H), 7.28 (s, 1 H), 6.65 (br s, 1 H), 6.28 (br s, 1 H), 5.97 (s, 1 H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 5.18 (dd, J=8.8, 5 Hz, 1 H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 4.16-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.29-3.41 (m, 1 H), 3.13-3.23 (m, 1 H), 1 .42 (s, 9H), 1 .41 (s, 3H), 1.39 (br s, 12H).

Step 10: Preparation of C91. A solution of C90 (14.5 g, 16.3 mmol) in anhydrous N,N- dimethylformamide (145.0 mL) was treated with sulfur trioxide /V,/V-dimethylformamide complex (25.0 g, 163.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes, then transferred to a stirred mixture of 5% aqueous sodium chloride (290 mL) and ethyl acetate (435 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was warmed to 18 °C and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (145 mL) and the combined organic layers washed with 5% aqueous sodium chloride (3 x 290 mL) followed by saturated aqueous sodium chloride (145 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through diatomaceous earth and the filter cake washed with ethyl acetate (72 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to a volume of 36 mL and treated with methyl ferf-butyl ether (290 mL), the resulting slurry was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with methyl ferf- butyl ether (58 mL) and dried at 50 °C for 2 hours followed by 20 °C for 65 hours in a vacuum oven to yield C91 as a solid. Yield: 15.0 g, 15.4 mmol, 95%. LCMS m/z 967.6 (M-1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1 1.62 (br s, 1 H), 9.29 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1 H), 9.02 (s, 1 H), 7.58-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.53 (m, 9H), 7.27 (s, 1 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 6.40 (br d, J=8.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.55 (s, 2H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 5.20 (dd, J=8.8, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.46 (br dd, half of ABX pattern, J=17.0, 5.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (br dd, half of ABX pattern, J=17.0, 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.92- 3.98 (m, 1 H), 3.79-3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.07-3.17 (m, 1 H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 12H).

Step 11 : Preparation of C92. A solution of C91 (20.0 g, 20.6 mmol) in

dichloromethane (400 mL) was concentrated under reduced pressure (420 mmHg) at 45 °C to a volume of 200 mL. The solution was cooled to -5 °C and treated with 1 M boron trichloride in dichloromethane (206.0 mL, 206.0 mmol) added dropwise over 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was warmed to 15 °C over 1 hour with stirring. The slurry was cooled to -15 °C and treated with a mixture of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (69.2 mL) and methyl ferf-butyl ether (400 mL), maintaining the temperature at -15 °C. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 °C over 1 hour. The suspension was filtered using nitrogen pressure and the solid washed with methyl ferf-butyl ether (2 x 200 mL).

Nitrogen was passed over the solid for 2 hours. The solid was collected and suspended in methyl ferf-butyl ether (400 mL) for 1 hour with stirring at 18 °C. The suspension was filtered using nitrogen pressure and the solid washed with methyl ferf-butyl ether (2 x 200 mL). Nitrogen was passed over the resulting solid for 12 hours. A portion of the crude product was neutralized with 1 M aqueous ammonium formate to pH 5.5 with minimal addition of /V,/V-dimethylformamide to prevent foaming. The feed solution was filtered and purified via reverse phase chromatography (C-18 column; acetonitrile / water gradient with 0.2% formic acid modifier). The product bearing fractions were combined and concentrated to remove acetonitrile. The solution was captured on a GC-161 M column, washed with deionized water and blown dry with nitrogen pressure. The product was released using a mixture of methanol / water (10: 1 ) and the product bearing fractions were added to a solution of ethyl acetate (6 volumes). The solid was collected by filtration to afford C92 as a solid. Yield: 5.87 g, 9.28 mmol. LCMS m/z 633.3 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.22 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.26-7.42 (br s, 2H), 7.18-7.25 (m, 1 H), 6.99 (s, 1 H), 6.74 (s, 1 H), 6.32-6.37 (m, 1 H), 5.18 (dd, J=8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.33 (br d, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.94-4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.60-3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.19-3.27 (m, 1 H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H).

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2014), 57(9), 3845-3855

Siderophore Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Lactivicin Analogues in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research Unit, and Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
J. Med. Chem.201457 (9), pp 3845–3855
DOI: 10.1021/jm500219c
Publication Date (Web): April 2, 2014
Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
*Phone: (860)-686-1788. E-mail: seungil.han@pfizer.com.

Abstract

Abstract Image

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are an emerging threat to human health, and addressing this challenge will require development of new antibacterial agents. This can be achieved through an improved molecular understanding of drug–target interactions combined with enhanced delivery of these agents to the site of action. Herein we describe the first application of siderophore receptor-mediated drug uptake of lactivicin analogues as a strategy that enables the development of novel antibacterial agents against clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria. We report the first crystal structures of several sideromimic conjugated compounds bound to penicillin binding proteins PBP3 and PBP1a from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and characterize the reactivity of lactivicin and β-lactam core structures. Results from drug sensitivity studies with β-lactamase enzymes are presented, as well as a structure-based hypothesis to reduce susceptibility to this enzyme class. Finally, mechanistic studies demonstrating that sideromimic modification alters the drug uptake process are discussed.

PAPER

Pyridone-Conjugated Monobactam Antibiotics with Gram-Negative Activity

Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research Unit, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism, Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
J. Med. Chem.201356 (13), pp 5541–5552
DOI: 10.1021/jm400560z
Publication Date (Web): June 11, 2013
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
*Phone: 860-441-3522. E-mail: matthew.f.brown@pfizer.com.

 

Abstract Image

Herein we describe the structure-aided design and synthesis of a series of pyridone-conjugated monobactam analogues with in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically relevant Gram-negative species including Pseudomonas aeruginosaKlebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Rat pharmacokinetic studies with compound 17 demonstrate low clearance and low plasma protein binding. In addition, evidence is provided for a number of analogues suggesting that the siderophore receptors PiuA and PirA play a role in drug uptake in P. aeruginosa strain PAO1.

STR1

17 as a solid. Yield: 5.87 g, 9.28 mmol. LCMS m/z 633.3 (M+1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ 9.22 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.26-7.42 (br s, 2H), 7.18-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.32-6.37 (m, 1H), 5.18 (dd, J=8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (br d, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.94-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.27 (m, 1H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H).

Nc1nc(cs1)\C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N([C@@H]3CNC(=O)NCC2=CC(=O)C(O)=CN2O)S(=O)(=O)O

PAPER

Process Development for the Synthesis of Monocyclic β-Lactam Core 17

Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00359
Publication Date (Web): January 4, 2018
Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
Abstract Image

Process development and multikilogram synthesis of the monocyclic β-lactam core 17 for a novel pyridone-conjugated monobactam antibiotic is described. Starting with commercially available 2-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, the five-step synthesis features several telescoped operations and direct isolations to provide significant improvement in throughput and reduced solvent usage over initial scale-up campaigns. A particular highlight in this effort includes the development of an efficient Staudinger ketene–imine [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of N-Boc-glycine ketene 12 and imine 9 to form racemic β-lactam 13 in good isolated yield (66%) and purity (97%). Another key feature in the synthesis involves a classical resolution of racemic amine 15 to afford single enantiomer salt 17 in excellent isolated yield (45%) with high enantiomeric excess (98%).

Figure

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00359/suppl_file/op7b00359_si_001.pdf

Nc1nc(cs1)\C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N([C@@H]3CNC(=O)NCC2=CC(=O)C(O)=CN2O)S(=O)(=O)O

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J. Med. Chem.201356 (13), pp 5541–5552
DOI: 10.1021/jm400560z

OXYGEN ANALOGUE…………..

STR2
 1380110-45-1, C20 H23 N7 O13 S2, 633.57
Propanoic acid, 2-​[[(Z)​-​[1-​(2-​amino-​4-​thiazolyl)​-​2-​[[(2R,​3S)​-​2-​[[[[(1,​4-​dihydro-​1,​5-​dihydroxy-​4-​oxo-​2-​pyridinyl)​methoxy]​carbonyl]​amino]​methyl]​-​4-​oxo-​1-​sulfo-​3-​azetidinyl]​amino]​-​2-​oxoethylidene]​amino]​oxy]​-​2-​methyl-
2-[[(Z)-[1-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-[[[[(1,4-dihydro-1,5-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-pyridinyl)methoxy]carbonyl]amino]methyl]-4-oxo-1-sulfo-3-azetidinyl]amino]-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid

STR2

18 as a light yellow solid. Yield: 43 mg, 0.068 mmol, 51%. LCMS m/z 634.4 (M+1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6), characteristic peaks: δ 9.29 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.04-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 5.05-5.30 (m, 3H), 4.00-4.07 (m, 1H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H).

Nc1nc(cs1)\C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N([C@@H]3CNC(=O)OCC2=CC(=O)C(O)=CN2O)S(=O)(=O)O

Step 4: Preparation of 18-Bis Na salt. A suspension of 5 (212 mg, 0.33 mmol) in water (10 mL) was cooled to 0 oC and treated with a solution of sodium bicarbonate (56.4 mg, 0.67 mmol) in water (2 mL), added dropwise. The reaction mixture was cooled to -70 oC (frozen) and lyophilized to afford 18-Bis Na salt as a white solid. Yield: 210 mg, 0.31 mmol, 93%. LCMS m/z 632.5 (M-1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, D2O) δ 7.87 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 5.35 (d, J=5 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 4.46-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.71 (dd, half of ABX pattern, J=14.5, 6 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (dd, half of ABX pattern, J=14.5, 6 Hz, 1H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H).

WO 2012073138

Inventors Matthew Frank BrownSeungil HanManjinder LallMark. J. Mitton-FryMark Stephen PlummerHud Lawrence RisleyVeerabahu ShanmugasundaramJeremy T. Starr
Applicant Pfizer Inc.

Example 5

disodium 2-({[(1Z)-1 -(2-amino-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-({(2R,3S)-2-[({[(1 ,5-dihydroxy-4- oxo-1 ,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)methyl]-4-oxo-1 – sulfonatoazetidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethylidene]amino}oxy)-2-methylpropanoate

(C104-Bis Na salt).

Figure imgf000092_0001

Step 1 : Preparation of C102. A solution of C28 (300 mg, 0.755 mmol) in

tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was treated with 1 , 1 ‘-carbonyldiimidazole (379 mg, 2.26 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The yellow reaction mixture was treated with a solution of C9 (286 mg, 0.543 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL). The mixture was stirred for 6 hours at room temperature, then treated with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified via chromatography on silica gel (heptane / ethyl acetate / 2-propanol) to afford C102 as a light yellow solid. Yield: 362 mg, 0.381 mmol, 62%. LCMS m/z 950.4 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de), characteristic peaks: δ 9.31 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.38 (s, 1 H), 8.00 (s, 1 H), 7.41 (br d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (br d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 6.10 (s, 1 H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.92 (br s, 4H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.38 (s, 9H). Step 2: Preparation of C103. A solution of C102 (181 mg, 0.191 mmol) in anhydrous /V,/V-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) was treated with sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (302 mg, 1.91 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 6 hours, then cooled to 0 °C and quenched with water. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to yield C103 as a white solid. Yield: 145 mg, 0.14 mmol, 74%. APCI m/z 1028.5 (M-1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6), characteristic peaks: δ 1 1.65 (br s, 1 H), 9.37 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.87 (s, 1 H), 7.49 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 7.01 (br d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (br d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.43 (s, 2H), 5.20 (dd, J=8.4, 6 Hz, 1 H), 4.01-4.07 (m, 1 H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.50- 3.58 (m, 1 H), 3.29-3.37 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.37 (s, 9H). Step 3: Preparation of C104. A solution of C103 (136 mg, 0.132 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 mL) was treated with 1 M boron trichloride in p-xylenes (0.92 mL, 0.92 mmol) and allowed to stir at room temperature for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath, quenched with water (0.4 mL), and transferred into a solution of methyl ferf-butyl ether: heptane (1 :2, 12 mL). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was purified via reverse phase chromatography (C-18 column; acetonitrile / water gradient with 0.1 % formic acid modifier) to yield C104 as a light yellow solid. Yield: 43 mg, 0.068 mmol, 51 %. LCMS m/z 634.4 (M+1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de), characteristic peaks: δ 9.29 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1 H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.04- 7.10 (m, 1 H), 7.00 (s, 1 H), 6.75 (s, 1 H), 5.05-5.30 (m, 3H), 4.00-4.07 (m, 1 H), 1 .42 (s, 3H), 1 .41 (s, 3H).

Step 4: Preparation of C104-Bis Na salt. A suspension of C104 (212 mg, 0.33 mmol) in water (10 mL) was cooled to 0 °C and treated with a solution of sodium bicarbonate (56.4 mg, 0.67 mmol) in water (2 mL), added dropwise. The reaction mixture was cooled to -70 °C (frozen) and lyophilized to afford C104-Bis Na salt as a white solid. Yield: 210 mg, 0.31 mmol, 93%. LCMS m/z 632.5 (M-1 ). 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) δ 7.87 (s, 1 H), 6.94 (s, 1 H), 6.92 (s, 1 H), 5.35 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 4.46-4.52 (m, 1 H), 3.71 (dd, half of ABX pattern, J=14.5, 6 Hz, 1 H), 3.55 (dd, half of ABX pattern, J=14.5, 6 Hz, 1 H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 1 .42 (s, 3H).

 

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p-Aminophenol

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on p-Aminophenol
Feb 232018
 

STR1 STR2

p-Aminophenol [123-30-8].

M.p. 182 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, d6-DMSO): 4.37 (br s, 2H, NH2), 6.37-6.44 (m, 2HAr), 6.44-6.50 (m, 2HAr), 8.33 (br s, 1H, OH);

13C NMR (75 MHz, d6-DMSO): δ 115.2 (2 CHAr), 115.5 (2 CHAr), 140.7 (Cq Ar), 148.2 (Cq Ar);

IR (ATR) max: 3338, 3279, 1471; MS (ESI+ ): 110.1 ([M+H]+ , 100).

1D 1H, 7.4 spectrum for 4-Aminophenol

1D 1H ABOVE

 

2D [1H,1H]-TOCSY, 7.4 spectrum for 4-Aminophenol

2D [1H,1H]-TOCSY ABOVE

1D 13C, 7.4 spectrum for 4-Aminophenol

1D 13C ABOVE

 

1D DEPT90, 7.4 spectrum for 4-Aminophenol

1D DEPT90 ABOVE

1D DEPT135, 7.4 spectrum for 4-Aminophenol

1D DEPT135 ABOVE

2D [1H,13C]-HSQC, 7.4 spectrum for 4-Aminophenol

2D [1H,13C]-HSQC ABOVE

2D [1H,13C]-HMBC, 7.4 spectrum for 4-Aminophenol

2D [1H,13C]-HMBC ABOVE

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